Effects of Long-Term Fertilization Management Practices on Soil Microbial Carbon and Microbial Biomass in Paddy Soil at Various Stages of Rice Growth

A long-term experiment (38 years) was conducted to elucidate the effects of long-term N addition on the net N mineralization in both paddy and upland soils, based on their initial soil N status, with and in connection with soil microbial biomass and N cycling extracellular enzyme activities. Two treatments without N addition CK (No fertilizer) and K (inorganic potassium fertilizer) and two treatments with N addition N (inorganic nitrogen fertilizer) and NK (inorganic nitrogen and potassium fertilizer) were placed in incubation for 90 days. Results showed that the total N and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents were higher in the treatments with N application compared to the treatments without N in both paddy and upland soils. The SOC content of paddy soil was increased relative to upland soil by 56.2%, 45.7%, 61.1% and 62.2% without N (CK, K) and with N (N and NK) treatments, respectively. Site-wise, total N concentration in paddy soil was higher by 0.06, 0.10, 0.57 and 0.60 times under the CK, K, N and NK treatments, respectively, compared with upland soil. In paddy soil, soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) was higher by 39.6%, 2.77%, 29.5% and 31.4%, and microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) was higher by 11.8%, 11.9%, 10.1% and 12.3%, respectively, in CK, K, N and NK treatment, compared with upland soil. Overall, compared to upland soil, the activities of leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP) were increased by 31%, 18%, 20% and 11%, and those of N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were increased by 70%, 21%, 13% and 18% by CK, K, N and NK treatments, respectively, in paddy soil. A significantly linear increase was found in the NO3−-N and NH4+-N concentrations during the 90 days of the incubation period in both soils. NK treatment showed the highest N mineralization potential (No) along with mineralization rate constant, k (NMR) at the end of the incubation. SMBC, SMBN, enzyme activities, NO3−-N and NH4+-N concentrations and the No showed a highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive correlation. We concluded that long-term N addition accelerated the net mineralization by increasing soil microbial activities under both soils.

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Effect of long-term application of manure and mineral fertilizers on nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass in paddy soil during rice growth stages

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/322-pse ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 101-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. Zhang ◽

J. Qin ◽

W. Yao ◽

L. Bi ◽

T. Lai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Paddy Soil ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Net N Mineralization ◽

Mineral N ◽

Rice Growth ◽

Significant Difference

Net N mineralization rate (NMR), net N consumption rate (NCR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and mineral N (N-NH+4 and N-NO-3) were measured in paddy soil at five growth stages of rice to determine the effect of long-term fertilization in subtropical China. The studied long-term treatments included CK (no fertilization), N, NP, NPK and NPK + OM (NPK plus organic manure). The NPK + OM treatment gave the highest values of the measured variables among all treatments. There was no significant difference in other treatments except for mineral N and PMN at early growth stages. All these variables were generally highest at transplanting stage as two thirds of fertilization was applied as basal fertilizers and the rice uptake was low. Then they decreased or leveled off with the rice growth stages except for MN in all treatments. Stepwise regression revealed that NMR was significantly correlated with MBC and N-NH+4 (R2 = 0.954, P < 0.01) at all rice growth stages. So, mineral plus manure fertilizer application and more mineral fertilizer as topdressing were recommended in subtropical paddy soil.

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Effects of Long-Term Fertilization Management Practices on Soil Microbial Biomass in China's Cropland: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2016.09.0553 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 1183-1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Qingping Zhang ◽

Fuhong Miao ◽

Zhennan Wang ◽

Yuying Shen ◽

Guoliang Wang

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Soil Microbial

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Soil microbial biomass and activity response to repeated drying–rewetting cycles along a soil fertility gradient modified by long-term fertilization management practices

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.024 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 160 (2) ◽

pp. 218-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Bingzi Zhao ◽

Ji Chen ◽

Jiabao Zhang ◽

Shengwu Qin

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Activity Response ◽

Fertility Gradient ◽

Soil Fertility Gradient

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David Stewart Jenkinson. 25 February 1928 — 16 February 2011

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society ◽

10.1098/rsbm.2017.0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 377-411

Author(s):

David Powlson ◽

Phil Brookes

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Long Term Experiments

David Jenkinson was one of the most influential soil scientists of his generation, bringing new insights into the transformations of organic matter and nitrogen in soil. He spent the majority of his career at Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK. His studies were influential regarding the role of soil carbon stocks in the context of climate change and the role of nitrogen fertilizer in delivering adequate supplies of food for a growing world population. His research encompassed both fundamental studies on soil processes and immensely practical applications of this knowledge, often utilizing the Rothamsted long-term experiments that have run for over 170 years. He is particularly well known for his development of a method for determining the quantity of organic carbon held in the cells of living micro-organisms in soil, termed the ‘soil microbial biomass’. This breakthrough opened the way for a new wave of soil biological research. David developed one of the earliest computer models for the turnover of organic carbon in soil, known as the Rothamsted Carbon Model, RothC. This model, conceptually very simple, has proved highly successful in simulating and predicting changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content under different management practices worldwide, being used by over 2600 people in 115 countries. His research using the stable isotope of nitrogen, 15 N, in large-scale field experiments drew attention to the factors leading to inefficiencies in the use of nitrogen fertilizer but also demonstrated that it is possible to achieve high efficiency if good agricultural management practices are followed. It also demonstrated, more clearly than previously, the great importance of soil organic matter as a source of nitrogen for crops and the role of the soil microbial biomass both in immobilizing a proportion of applied fertilizer nitrogen and also in causing confusion in the interpretation of such experiments. By calculating nitrogen budgets for the Rothamsted long-term experiments he quantified the deposition of nitrogen compounds from atmosphere to land, laying foundations for later studies concerning the ecological and agricultural impacts of this significant input of nitrogen.

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IMPACTS OF LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION ON BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS, AND GRAIN YIELDS IN RED PADDY SOIL IN CHINA

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research ◽

10.15666/aeer/1702_33533370 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 3353-3370

Author(s):

Y J QIAO ◽

Q LIU ◽

Z Q GAO ◽

J Y GE ◽

X M FENG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Paddy Soil ◽

Bacterial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Red Paddy Soil

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Long-term throughfall exclusion decreases soil organic phosphorus associated with reduced plant roots and soil microbial biomass in a subtropical forest

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 404 ◽

pp. 115309

Author(s):

Yuexin Fan ◽

Shengxu Lu ◽

Min He ◽

Liuming Yang ◽

Weifang Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Organic Phosphorus ◽

Subtropical Forest ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Organic Phosphorus ◽

Throughfall Exclusion

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Ant nests as a microbial hot spots in a long-term heavy metal-contaminated soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-16384-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Beata Klimek ◽

Hanna Poliwka-Modliborek ◽

Irena M. Grześ

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Respiration Rate ◽

Metal Content ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Bulk Soil ◽

Lasius Niger ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Ant Nests

AbstractInteractions between soil fauna and soil microorganisms are not fully recognized, especially in extreme environments, such as long-term metal-polluted soils. The purpose of the study was to assess how the presence of Lasius niger ants affected soil microbial characteristics in a long-term metal-polluted area (Upper Silesia in Poland). Paired soil samples were taken from bulk soil and from ant nests and analysed for a range of soil physicochemical properties, including metal content (zinc, cadmium, and lead). Microbial analysis included soil microbial activity (soil respiration rate), microbial biomass (substrate-induced respiration rate), and bacteria catabolic properties (Biolog® ECO plates). Soil collected from ant nests was drier and was characterized by a lower content of organic matter, carbon and nitrogen contents, and also lower metal content than bulk soil. Soil microbial respiration rate was positively related to soil pH (p = 0.01) and negatively to water-soluble metal content, integrated into TIws index (p = 0.01). Soil microbial biomass was negatively related to TIws index (p = 0.04). Neither soil microbial activity and biomass nor bacteria catabolic activity and diversity indices differed between bulk soil and ant nests. Taken together, ant activity reduced soil contamination by metals in a microscale which support microbial community activity and biomass but did not affect Biolog® culturable bacteria.

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