scholarly journals Change of cold hardiness in bare-rooted Norway spruce planting stock during autumn and its effect on survival

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarvaš
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
First Results ◽  
Frost Stress

The objective of this study was to test a method of measurements of electrolyte leakage for determining an optimal autumn lifting date. The second objective was to obtain information about the effects of different autumn lifting dates on survival of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) plants. A significant difference was found between lifting dates for the values of root electrolyte leakage (REL) from unstressed plants, but without clear tendency. The values of electrolyte leakage from shoots (SEL) were very stable (11–13%). On the other hand, the electrolyte leakage from roots (REL) decreased in dependence on different lifting date after artificial frost stress. On the first lifting date (end of September) the REL values were 77%. On the last lifting date (8 November) the REL values were 56%. The same tendency was found for SEL values (decrease from 63% at the end of September to 17% on 8 November). Differences were also found in the survival of plants. The plants lifted on earlier dates had nearly 100% mortality, which decreased with later date of lifting. The results of this study showed that cold hardiness of planting stock increased during autumn and was higher for shoots than for roots. The first results showed that it is possible to optimize the autumn lifting date of spruce planting stock by measurements of electrolyte leakage from shoots after artificial frost test.    

scholarly journals Determination of effects of desiccation and frost stresses on the physiological quality of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) seedlings by measurement of electrolyte leakage from the root system

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 366-371
Author(s):  
M. Sarvaš ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Root System ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Frost Stress

Two-year, bare-rooted seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) were used in this study. The seedlings were exposed to artificial desiccation and frost stress after spring lifting. After exposure to these factors, electrolyte leakage from the root system was measured. The results showed that artificial desiccation significantly affected the rate of electrolyte leakage. The effect of desiccation was confirmed by the survival of plants and height increment (100% survival and 49% height increment of control seedlings in contrast with plants after 6 hours of desiccation: 9% survival and 2% height increment). On the other hand, frost stress did not affect the rate of electrolyte leakage (the rate of REL did not correlate with the intensity of stress treatment).

scholarly journals Effect of desiccation on the root system of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) seedlings and a possibility of using hydrogel STOCKOSORB® for its protection

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarvaš
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Root System ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Root Collar

The aims of this study were: 1. to determine the effect of dexiccation treatment on the physiological quality of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) seedlings by measurements of electrolyte leakage from the root system; b) to test the use of hydrogl STOCKOSORB<sup>&reg;</sup> for protection of the root system of spruce seedlings during their transplanting. The results showed that desiccation treatment significantly affected the rate of electrolyte leakage (34% leakage for control seedlings and 53% in contrast with seedlings after 5 hours of desiccation). Likewise, significant differences were found in height and root collar increments after the first vegetation period that decreased with the duration of desiccation treatment. The values of electrolyte leakage also increased with the duration of desiccation treatment for seedlings treated with hydrogel. On the other hand, the rate of electrolyte leakage was lower after 5 hours of stress factor than in untreated seedlings. The height and root collar increments were higher in seedlings treated with hydrogel for all variants. The obtained results showed a possibility of using the measurement of electrolyte leakage from the root system to determine the physiological quality of Norway spruce seedlings. The rate of electrolyte leakage over 40% signals the physiological damage to the root system of spruce seedlings. Next, the results confirmed the need of protection of seedling roots during handling. The seedlings without hydrogel had 35% height and 26% root collar diameter increment after two-hour desiccation stress. On the other hand, the same seedlings with STOCKOSORB had 42% height and 48% root collar increment.

scholarly journals Norway Spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) Provenance Variation in Autumn Cold Hardiness: Adaptation or Acclimation?

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Gömöry ◽  
Elena Foffová ◽  
Jaroslav Kmeť ◽  
Roman Longauer ◽  
Ivana Romšáková
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Provenance Variation

scholarly journals Induced wound response of Norway spruce Picea abies P. Karst. after artificial inoculation by imagoes of Ips typographus

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
D. Novotný ◽  
R. Mrkva
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Vascular Pathogens ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Inoculation experiments were carried out on a set of trees with imagoes of Ips typographus L. which origin from the &Scaron;umava Mts. and the Křtiny Training Enterprise. The objective of back inoculations was to determine whether species found on the surface of Ips typographus imagoes spread after the inoculation also through host tissues. It the vicinity of inoculation by Ips typographus imagoes, marked necrotic zones are evident including symptoms of the penetration of vascular pathogens through phloem and sapwood. The most marked reactions were observed in case of inoculation by an untreated Ips typographus imago. Treatment of Ips typographus imagoes by Ibefungin and Fundazol preparations did not demonstrate expected effects in full scale. The spores of several ophiostomoid fungi like Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau were observed on the surface of bark beetles and at the same time were re-isolated from wounds inoculated by Ips typographus imagoes. The other fungi like Ophiostoma bicolor Davidson &amp; Wells, Leptographium cf. lundbergii Lagerberg &amp; Melin., Pezicula eucrita Karst., Phomopsis sp. and other were found in wounds with the imagoes artificial infection. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Storability and root freezing tolerance of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Stattin ◽  
Claes Hellqvist ◽  
Anders Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cool Storage ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Bare Root

The objective of the study was to evaluate if root freezing tolerance and post-storage survival of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings can be improved by cool storage prior to frozen storage. Four-year-old bare-root seedlings were lifted and put into cool or frozen storage at 2-week intervals from mid-September to mid-December. Length of cool (5.5°C) storage prior to frozen (-4.6°C) storage was 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks. Root freezing tolerance, determined directly by freezing-induced electrolyte leakage and indirectly by shoot and root dry matter content, were assessed at lifting and biweekly during cool storage. At these occasions, seedlings were also transferred from cool storage to frozen storage. Survival of the seedlings was assessed in a cultivation test in April. Root freezing tolerance increased for seedlings put into cool storage before November, whereas seedlings put into cool storage from November onwards did not increase in root freezing tolerance. Electrolyte leakage after root freezing to -5°C at the time of transfer to frozen storage correlated to post-storage survival of seedlings pretreated up to 6 weeks. Lifting for successful overwinter storage could be done up to 1 month earlier if seedlings were pretreated in cool storage 6 weeks before transfer to frozen storage.

scholarly journals Seasonal Cold-acclimation Patterns of Sedum spectabile × telephium L. `Autumn Joy' and Sedum spectabile Boreau. `Brilliant'

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery K. Iles ◽  
Nancy H. Agnew
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
The Relationship

Electrolyte leakage and regrowth were measured from September through January to determine cold hardiness of Sedum spectabile × telephium L. `Autumn Joy' and Sedum spectabile Boreau. `Brilliant' plants grown outdoors in central Iowa. Crowns were subjected to 0, –3, –6, –9, –12, –15, –18, –21, –24, or –27C. Regrowth tests were performed on whole crowns and electrolyte leakage was determined on excised tuberous root and crown tissue. Both cultivars were killed at –3C in September, but they acclimated gradually through January. Maximum hardiness was achieved in January, with killing temperatures of –27C for `Autumn Joy' and –21C for `Brilliant'. Regrowth quality ratings were significantly correlated with crown and tuberous root electrolyte leakage measurements, although the relationship was stronger for `Autumn Joy'.

scholarly journals Treatments to Encourage Earlier Dormancy in Apple

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 582b-582
Author(s):  
E.W. Stover ◽  
M.J. Fargione ◽  
K.A. Iungerman ◽  
W.C. Stiles
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Hudson Valley ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Controlled Freezing

Active growth in late Fall 1993, followed by very low temperatures in November, resulted in widespread loss of scaffolds and leaders of `McIntosh' in the Champlain Valley. Treatments to encourage earlier dormancy are being investigated to address this problem in future seasons. Initial studies showed that 39 mm CuEDTA or 16 mm CuEDTA + 0.25% ultrafine spray oil (sprayed to drip) resulted in 3–4 weeks earlier leaf drop of `Empire' in the Mid-Hudson Valley. Evaluation of cold-hardiness, measured as electrolyte leakage after controlled freezing in a Tenney chamber, indicated greater cold-hardiness from these treatments in early December without reducing mid-winter hardiness. CuEDTA treatments ranging from 4–32 mm, all with 0.25% ultrafine spray oil, were applied to fifth leaf `Marshall McIntosh' on M.9/MM.111 interstems in the Champlain Valley on 12 Oct. 1995. Defoliation was accelerated with each increase in rate examined in this study. The highest rate again advanced defoliation 3–4 weeks compared to controls and increased cold-hardiness on 1 Dec. 19/95 as measured though electrolyte leakage. Evaluation of cold-hardiness in shoots collected on 8 Feb. 1996 showed no significant difference between electrolyte leakage from controls and trees treated with CuEDTA.

Apical mitotic activity and growth in clones of Norway spruce in relation to cold hardiness

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Westin ◽  
Lars-Göran Sundblad ◽  
Martin Strand ◽  
Jan-Erik Hällgren
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Median Interval

Seasonal development of apical mitotic activity and growth in three clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) of the same age and origin but with differences in accumulated height growth and cold hardiness were investigated. The clones showed no consistent difference in mitotic index (MI), either in period or in general levels. The response of MI to temperature differed in spring and fall. Differences in cold hardiness between the clones was not directly coupled to differences in MI. Diameter growth ended earlier in one clone than in the other two clones, and this clone also produced lower numbers of stem units in both lateral and leader shoots. Cessation of diameter growth showed no relation to the duration and level of apical MI. The tallest clone had, as a combined effect of both size and number of stem units, significantly longer leader shoots than the other two clones. The greater leader shoot growth of the tallest clone relative to the other two clones during 1987-1996 was also most prominent after years with sudden drops in fall minimum temperatures to below ca. -12°C (median; interval: -11 to -13°C), following several weeks with mean temperatures above 3°C.

scholarly journals Overwinter Storage of European Beech and Norway Spruce Planting Stock: Effect of Different Methods and Temperature Conditions

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Petra Pantová ◽  
Kateřina Houšková ◽  
Oldřich Mauer
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Suitable Temperature ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Stock Effect ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Significant Mortality

The aim of this research was to compare methods of overwinter storage of forest tree species planting stock and to specify of the optimal and the minimal temperature for freezing. Planting stock of European beech and Norway spruce were stored three times over a period of dormancy (2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018) (1) in freezers, (2) in an air-conditioned warehouse, (3) in a cave and (4) in soil (bare-rooted plants) and at a holding area (containerized plants), i.e., an open storage. During storage, the vitality of plants was determined using the root electrolyte leakage (REL) parameter, and in 2016 also by restoring growth in a sample of plants. The stored plants were always planted in a forest research plot in the spring and their basic morphological parameters and mortality were evaluated at the end of the growing season. The most suitable temperature for storage of both bare-rooted and containerized beech and spruce was in the range from −3.4 °C to −1.7 °C. The plants after overwinter storage showed no significant mortality after planting–they showed a high vitality of the fine roots and a normal increment, and were not damaged by frost, mold or other negative factors during storage.

scholarly journals PECAN COLD HARDINESS DETERMINED BY DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 437e-437
Author(s):  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
Amin Kawatin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Leakage Test ◽  
Tetrazolium Test ◽  
Tissue Browning

Stem critical temperatures for September showed that `Hughes' was later in acclimating than `Jackson'. Maximum hardiness for all cultivars occurred in January and deacclimation in February. Bud critical temperatures for September and October also showed that `Hughes' acclimated later than the other cultivars. Maximum hardiness for buds occurred in January and deacclimation in March. In December, the LT50 for the tetrazolium test, the electrolyte leakage test, and the tissue browning test were –18, –20, and –20C, respectively, as shown by differential thermal analysis of `Desirable'.

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