scholarly journals Rural-urban migrants’ remittances and wage inequality: Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Yunyun Wu ◽  
Xiaochun Li
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Capital Case ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Mobile Capital ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Specific Capital ◽  
Wage Inequalities

There is a link between rural-urban remittances and wage inequality. However, the existing literature sheds little light on this topic. In this study, we establish a three-sector general equilibrium model to investigate the effects of rural-urban migrants’ remittances on wage inequality. Further, we use Chinese macroeconomic data to calibrate the parameters and conduct analysis with numerical simulation. We find that, when rural-urban migrants raise their remittance rate, wage inequality between skilled labour and the urban formal sector remains unchanged in the sector-specific capital case but narrows in the sector-mobile capital case. Moreover, in the sector-specific case, skilled and unskilled wage inequalities, w<sub>SY</sub> and w<sub>SZ</sub>, decrease at the same rate as the urban-rural wage inequalities, w<sub>XY</sub> and w<sub>XZ</sub>, respectively. In the mobile case, however, the former declines faster than the latter.

RURAL–URBAN MIGRATION AND CHILD SURVIVAL IN URBAN BANGLADESH: ARE THE URBAN MIGRANTS AND POOR DISADVANTAGED?

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAZHARUL ISLAM ◽  
KAZI MD ABUL KALAM AZAD
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Urban Rural

SummaryThis paper analyses the levels and trends of childhood mortality in urban Bangladesh, and examines whether children’s survival chances are poorer among the urban migrants and urban poor. It also examines the determinants of child survival in urban Bangladesh. Data come from the 1999–2000 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The results indicate that, although the indices of infant and child mortality are consistently better in urban areas, the urban–rural differentials in childhood mortality have diminished in recent years. The study identifies two distinct child morality regimes in urban Bangladesh: one for urban natives and one for rural–urban migrants. Under-five mortality is higher among children born to urban migrants compared with children born to life-long urban natives (102 and 62 per 1000 live births, respectively). The migrant–native mortality differentials more-or-less correspond with the differences in socioeconomic status. Like childhood mortality rates, rural–urban migrants seem to be moderately disadvantaged by economic status compared with their urban native counterparts. Within the urban areas, the child survival status is even worse among the migrant poor than among the average urban poor, especially recent migrants. This poor–non-poor differential in childhood mortality is higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The study findings indicate that rapid growth of the urban population in recent years due to rural-to-urban migration, coupled with higher risk of mortality among migrant’s children, may be considered as one of the major explanations for slower decline in under-five mortality in urban Bangladesh, thus diminishing urban–rural differentials in childhood mortality in Bangladesh. The study demonstrates that housing conditions and access to safe drinking water and hygienic toilet facilities are the most critical determinants of child survival in urban areas, even after controlling for migration status. The findings of the study may have important policy implications for urban planning, highlighting the need to target migrant groups and the urban poor within urban areas in the provision of health care services.

Structuring the “Expected”

2018 ◽  
pp. 307-321
Author(s):  
Devanjan Khuntia
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
And Gender

This paper based on empirical research attempts to deal with the question of media imagination and the marginalization of women migrants in Indian Megapolis. Foregrounding on the emerging social fact regarding the urban settings catering to one-third of country's population as migrants of which more than two-thirds are women categorically from non-urban rural areas. Further, in the backdrop of the internet and the new media penetration of rural population by half of total usage in India by 2020, the functions of the mediated imageries of the sexes need to be re-examined within the rural-urban continuum for a better clarity of media-gender relationship. The popular media imageries many of which disseminate unrealistic, stereotypical, and restrictive perceptions resulting in portrayal of women in stereotypical ways contradicts the general perception of non-urban women-emancipation through consumption of media texts which is highly urban centric. Such contestation of media effects raises a need to investigate how women migrant to the urban setting consider, analyse, internalize and utilize such portrayal of themselves in the media thus reflecting the actual consumption pattern of media texts and gender roles fixations. This paper particularly looks at an unexplored area of new media consumption within the non-urban migrants to Indian metropolis. It is an attempt to locate affordable alternative communication technology to understand the renewed social interactions of women migrants via virtual social networks in urban centres and how it infers and shape their social identity formation.

Structuring the “Expected”

2018 ◽  
pp. 1830-1844
Author(s):  
Devanjan Khuntia
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
And Gender

This paper based on empirical research attempts to deal with the question of media imagination and the marginalization of women migrants in Indian Megapolis. Foregrounding on the emerging social fact regarding the urban settings catering to one-third of country's population as migrants of which more than two-thirds are women categorically from non-urban rural areas. Further, in the backdrop of the internet and the new media penetration of rural population by half of total usage in India by 2020, the functions of the mediated imageries of the sexes need to be re-examined within the rural-urban continuum for a better clarity of media-gender relationship. The popular media imageries many of which disseminate unrealistic, stereotypical, and restrictive perceptions resulting in portrayal of women in stereotypical ways contradicts the general perception of non-urban women-emancipation through consumption of media texts which is highly urban centric. Such contestation of media effects raises a need to investigate how women migrant to the urban setting consider, analyse, internalize and utilize such portrayal of themselves in the media thus reflecting the actual consumption pattern of media texts and gender roles fixations. This paper particularly looks at an unexplored area of new media consumption within the non-urban migrants to Indian metropolis. It is an attempt to locate affordable alternative communication technology to understand the renewed social interactions of women migrants via virtual social networks in urban centres and how it infers and shape their social identity formation.

Two-dimensional numerical simulation of the effects of air pollution upon the urban-rural complex

Tellus ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Welch ◽  
Jan Paegle ◽  
Wilford G. Zdunkowski
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Urban Rural

scholarly journals DEMAND UNCERTAINTY, INVENTORY AND BUSINESS CYCLES

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Tamegawa
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic ◽  
Economic Boom

This paper introduces demand uncertainty and inventory into a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. We assume that firms must predict demand before production. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of several exogenous shocks on the model economy in our settings. A numerical simulation using our model shows the following results. When shocks that raise expected demand are given, inventory stocks increase because output exceeds demand. In the next period, firms release the inventory stock, reducing excess stock and decreasing output. Thus, inventory adjustment causes recession. This result implies that cyclical movement (economic boom and bust) continues until variables return to the steady state. Furthermore, we confirm that our model can reproduce stylized facts for inventory movements and enhance empirical fit relative to the model without inventory.

scholarly journals Occupational Stratification in Contemporary Britain: Occupational Class and the Wage Structure in the Wake of the Great Recession

Sociology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Williams
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Wage Inequalities ◽  
Contemporary Britain

Occupations traditionally played a central role in stratification accounts. In the wake of the Great Recession, debates regarding the extent and nature of occupational stratification have been reinvigorated. An exploration of occupational wage stratification patterns defined by both detailed occupational unit groups and the broader occupational class categories of the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC) reveals the proportion of wage inequality between occupations and occupational classes has remained broadly stable 1997 to 2015. No compelling evidence is found for growing wage inequalities between detailed occupations within NS-SEC categories. This article underlines the continued utility of occupations and particularly the NS-SEC grouping of them in describing the structure of stratification in contemporary Britain.

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