scholarly journals Biochar remediation of soil: linking biochar production with function in heavy metal contaminated soils  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Taraqqi-A-Kamal ◽  
Christopher J. Atkinson ◽  
Aimal Khan ◽  
Kaikai Zhang ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Function ◽  
Soil Functionality ◽  
Insight Into

The focus of this study is on the soil physicochemical, biological, and microbiological processes altered by biochar application to heavy metal (HM) contaminated soils. The aim is to highlight agronomical and environmental issues by which the restorative capacity of biochar might be developed. Literature shows biochar can induce soil remediation, however, it is unclear how soil processes are linked mechanistically to biochar production and if these processes can be manipulated to enhance soil remediation. The literature often fails to contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which biochar alters soil function. It is clear that factors such as biochar feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, application rate, and soil type are determinants in biochar soil functionality. These factors are developed to enhance our insight into production routes and the benefits of biochar in HM soil remediation. Despite a large number of studies of biochar in soils, there is little understanding of long-term effects, this is particularly true with respect to the use and need for reapplication in soil remediation.  

Long-term effects of biochar on rice production and stabilisation of cadmium and arsenic levels in contaminated paddy soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
Peng CHEN ◽  
Hong-Yan WANG ◽  
Rui-Lun ZHENG ◽  
Bo ZHANG ◽  
Guo-Xin SUN
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Biochar Amendment

ABSTRACTHeavy metal contamination in the paddy soils of China is a serious concern because of its health risk through transfer in food chains. A field experiment was conducted in 2014–2015 to investigate the long-term effects of different biochar amendments on cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) immobilisation in a contaminated paddy field in southern China. Two types of biochar, a rice-straw-derived biochar (RB) and a coconut-by-product-derived biochar (CB), were amended separately to determine their impacts on rice yield and their efficacy in reducing Cd and As in rice. The two-year field experiment showed that biochar amendments significantly improved the rice yields and that CB is superior to RB, especially in the first growth season. Using a large amount of biochar amendment (22.5tha–1) significantly increased soil pH and total organic carbon, and concomitantly decreased the Cd content in rice grains over the four growth seasons, regardless of biochar type and application rate. Arsenic levels in rice were similar to the control, and results from this study suggest that there was a sustainable effect of biochar on Cd sequestration in soil and reduction of Cd accumulation in rice for at least two years. Biochar amendment in soil could be considered as a sustainable, reliable and cost-effective option to remediate heavy metal contamination in paddy fields for long periods.

Gilles de la Tourette the Poet?

2018 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Olivier Walusinski
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter focuses on Georges Gilles de la Tourette’s poetical pursuits. A man of many talents, these poems provide insight into yet another facet of Gilles de la Tourette’s personality. As well, they may provide some clue to his mental state as he suffered from the long-term effects of syphilis. It is difficult to know whether these poems should be taken as initial signs of Gilles de la Tourette’s disease or whether they are a simple manifestation of his imagination and the pleasure he took in writing. His poetry can be found at the family archive in Loundun.

Assessment of long-term effects from cage culture practices on heavy metal accumulation in sediment and fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 110433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xie ◽  
Lishan Qian ◽  
Shanyi Liu ◽  
Yongmin Wang ◽  
Yongjiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Phosphorus leaching in sandy soils .II. Laboratory studies of the long-term effects of the phosphorus source

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Weaver ◽  
GSP Ritchie ◽  
GC Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Coastal Superphosphate ◽  
Extractable P

Long-term phosphorus (P) losses and gains in sandy soils continuously fertilized with either ordinary superphosphate or coastal superphosphate (a granulated mixture of superphosphate, rock phosphate and elemental sulfur) or previously fertilized with superphosphate were investigated under leaching conditions in columns in the laboratory. The soils were subjected to 10 consecutive cycles designed to simulate the mediterranean weather conditions in the Harvey region of the Coastal Plain of Western Australia. Each cycle consisted of a wet phase during which the equivalent of 850 mm of rainfall was leached through the soil and a drier phase during which the soil was incubated in the presence of moisture equivalent to summer rainfall (150 mm). Dissolved inorganic P in the leachate was used as a measure of P loss. A sequential fractionation procedure (a resin extraction followed by 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate, 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and 0.1 M sulfuric acid extractions) and total inorganic and organic P were used to measure changes in P levels in the soils. Phosphorus losses from the previously fertilized soils decreased logarithmically with increasing number of cycles. Total inorganic P and resin-extractable P were able to explain >94% of the variation in P losses. Addition of either fertilizer increased the amount of P leached from the soil and 10-40% more P was leached by adding superphosphate rather than coastal superphosphate. The percentage of the cumulative P lost by leaching decreased with increasing application rate of both fertilizers when expressed as a percentage of the cumulative water plus citrate-soluble P added. Addition of either fertilizer increased the amount of acid-extractable P, but coastal superphosphate had a much greater effect than superphosphate. Leaching losses of P were influenced by fertilizer solubility in the short term (< 1 year). In the long term, however, the water plus citrate-insoluble P in the fertilizers also contributed to P losses by leaching.

scholarly journals Enduring good memories of infant trauma: Rescue of adult neurobehavioral deficits via amygdala serotonin and corticosterone interaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millie Rincón-Cortés ◽  
Gordon A. Barr ◽  
Anne Marie Mouly ◽  
Kiseko Shionoya ◽  
Bestina S. Nuñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rescue Effect ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Strong Attachment ◽  
Trauma Bonding ◽  
Learned Preference ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
Insight Into

Children form a strong attachment to their caregiver—even when that caretaker is abusive. Paradoxically, despite the trauma experienced within this relationship, the child develops a preference for trauma-linked cues—a phenomenon known as trauma bonding. Although infant trauma compromises neurobehavioral development, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between infant trauma bonding (i.e., learned preference for trauma cues) and the long-term effects of trauma (i.e., depressive-like behavior, amygdala dysfunction) are unknown. We modeled infant trauma bonding by using odor-shock conditioning in rat pups, which engages the attachment system and produces a life-long preference for the odor that was paired with shock. In adulthood, this trauma-linked odor rescues depressive-like behavior and amygdala dysfunction, reduces corticosterone (CORT) levels, and exerts repair-related changes at the molecular level. Amygdala microarray after rescue implicates serotonin (5-HT) and glucocorticoids (GCs), and a causal role was verified through microinfusions. Blocking amygdala 5-HT eliminates the rescue effect; increasing amygdala 5-HT and blocking systemic CORT mimics it. Our findings suggest that infant trauma cues share properties with antidepressants and safety signals and provide insight into mechanisms by which infant trauma memories remain powerful throughout life.

Insight into the short- and long-term effects of Cu(II) on denitrifying biogranules

2016 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Qian-Qian Chen ◽  
Xiao-Yan Jiang ◽  
Hai-Yan Hu ◽  
Man-Ling Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals The long-term effects of employer-sponsored pension plans on non-workplace returns on investments

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-216
Author(s):  
Derek Messacar ◽  
René Morissette
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Flow Of Funds ◽  
Average Return ◽  
Instrumental Variables Approach ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWhat is the effect of having an employer-sponsored pension plan (EPP) on financial performance in non-workplace investments? This paper offers new insight into this unresolved empirical issue using administrative data on more than 345,000 tax filers from Canada. The paper makes two key contributions. First, an approach for inferring relative returns on investments is developed based on a longitudinal analysis of saving flow-of-funds and wealth data related to the use of the tax-free savings account (TFSA). The analysis shows that there is substantial heterogeneity in asset balances across individuals with equivalent saving histories. Second, having an EPP is shown to raise the average return on investment in other tax-preferred saving plans, albeit by a modest amount of approximately 0.50–1.25% over 5 years since the TFSA was introduced. This result is robust to augmenting the analysis to an instrumental variables approach, exploiting variation in the availability of EPPs across cohorts by sex and industry of employment.

scholarly journals Biochar application to detoxification of the heavy metal-contaminated fluvisols

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09009
Author(s):  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Maria Zharkova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Adsorption Behavior ◽  
Metal Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Solid Matrices ◽  
Isotherm Equations

Sorption of heavy metals on solid matrices such as soils is one of the key processes which determine the fate of contaminants in the environment. Knowledge of adsorption behavior of heavy metals using biochar is essential for their application in soil remediation. Using the adsorption method, the possibility of using a wood biochar to detoxify Fluvisols contaminated with heavy metals (for example, copper) was studied. It is shown that the addition of biochar increases the metal adsorption capacity of soil. The results were analysed using the Langmuir and Freindlich isotherm equations. It was concluded that biocar can be applied to immobilize heavy metals in contaminated soils.

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