scholarly journals Influence of Different Training Systems on the Beginning of Domestic Plum Production and Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Ilze Grāvīte ◽  
Edīte Kaufmane ◽  
Laila Ikase ◽  
Edgars Cirša
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Training System ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Fruit Growing

Abstract All growers prefer to obtain a first harvest as soon as possible. The aim of this study was to identify an effective tree training system for new Latvian plum cultivars, which provides the highest yield and fruit quality. The trial was established in 2012 at the Institute of Horticulture (formerly Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing) and included cultivars ‘Ance’, ‘Adelyn’, and ‘Sonora’; and the controls ‘Victoria’ and ‘Jubileum’. Planting distances were 4 × 2.5 m, and the rootstock was Prunus cerasifera. Tree training was done using four systems: two systems with branch bending (Heka espalier and spindle); and two systems without bending (standard (round) and flat crown). Evaluation of average fruit weight and yield per trunk cross section area (TCSA) was done from 2015 to 2017. The Heka espalier and spindle systems had first yield in 2015, but systems without bending had first yield only in 2016. Average yield per TCSA was significantly higher for the Heka espalier system (0.49 kg·cm−2) than for the spindle system (0.24 kg·cm−2), standard crown system (0.17 kg·cm−2), and flat crown system (0.30 kg·cm−2). Cultivar ‘Victoria’ had the highest yield among all systems. Average fruit size showed the same results: the biggest fruits were obtained with the Heka espalier system, and the smallest for systems without bending in the standard crown.

scholarly journals Sustainable Cornelian Cherry Production in Montenegro: Importance of Local Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8651
Author(s):  
Vučeta Jaćimović ◽  
Djina Božović ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Borut Bosančić ◽  
Tomas Necas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Cornelian cherries has been grown Balkan peninsula no apparent disease and pest problems for centuries. The most important pomological and technological properties of cornelian cherry genetic resources (eleven local and introduced varieties and selections) in Gornje Polimlje, Montenegro were studied in four-year periods. Fruit weight, stone weight, and mesocarp/stone ratio shows great variation and varied between 1.89 to 6.16 g, 0.32 to 0.64 g and between 76.66 and 90.59%, respectively. Genotypes significantly differed each other in terms of yield determined as per trunk cross section area (TCSA). For better visualization of the agronomical traits important to the yield, i.e., yield per TCSA and fruit weight data is presented in combination as measured in the years of study. The best promising genotypes are Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, and Krupnoplodni NS, which had consistently higher yield and large fruits for sustainable fruit production. Dry matter, total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, total acidity, Ca–pectate, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, and ash content of cornelian cherry cultivars and selections were found between 19.81–24.46%, 10.94–14.47%, 10.44–13.09%, 0.24–1.23%, 1.92–2.51%, 2.76–4.43%, 41.09–101.27 mg/100 g, 0–157.06 mg/100 g, 183.91–307.9 mg/100 g, and 0.89–1.16%, respectively. The amount of potassium, which predominates in percentage of minerals in the ash, ranged from 2888 to 3574 mg/kg. The extensiveness of the study leads, therefore, to several clear conclusions and recommendations. Consistently, the best balance of biochemical elements in combination with good yield and fruit size measurements is found in selection Krupnoplodi NS. If consider fruit size and yield efficiency are priority, Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, Kosten 3, and Krupnoplodni NS have clear advantage over the other genotypes. The study highlights the importance of local cornelian cherry selections for sustainable cornelian cherry production in Montenegro.

scholarly journals Orchard performance of two plum cultivars on some clonal rootstocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kosina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area

A plum rootstock trial with Stanley and Cacanska najbolja cvs. was established in spring 1992. The following rootstocks were assessed: MY-BO-1, Myrobalan SE 4043 (both Prunus cerasifera), MY-KL-A (P. cerasifera × P. cerasifera var. atropurpurea), Marunke SE 4034 (Ackerman), St. Julien A, Brompton, GF 655/2, GF 1869, GF 1380, GF 43, Damascena SE 4045, Pixy and Myrobalan seedling. Yields, trunk cross-section area, number of suckers and mean fruit weights were evaluated in the orchard in 1993–2003. There were statistically significant differences in trunk cross-section area, yield and yield efficiency between the tested rootstocks. Trees of Stanley were the most vigorous on MY-KL-A, followed by GF 43, GF 1380 and Myrobalan seedling. The weakest growth was recorded on trees grafted on Pixy, then on GF 655/2 and MY-BO-1. With Cacanska najbolja the growth was the strongest on GF 43, followed by Myrobalan seedling, MY-KL-A and Myrobalan SE 4043. The most compact trees were on Pixy and then on GF 655/2 and Marunke SE 4034. The total accumulated yield per tree was the highest with Stanley on MY-KL-A, followed by Brompton and St. Julien A. The cultivar Cacanska najbolja was most productive on Myrobalan SE 4043 and also on St. Julien A. The yield efficiency with both cultivars was the highest on GF 655/2, and the lowest one on GF 1380 (Stanley) or on Myrobalan seedling (Cacanska najbolja). No statistically significant differences between the tested rootstocks were found in fruit size. Suckers were the most prolific on GF 1869, followed by GF 655/2 and Marunke SE 4034. Based on the hitherto experience, the best rootstocks for Stanley seem to be MY-KL-A and MY-BO-1 and for Cacanska najbolja Myrobalan SE 4043 and St. Julien A.    

scholarly journals Evaluation of German Plum Selections in Latvia

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Grāvīte ◽  
Edīte Kaufmane
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
German Origin ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Research Period

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the suitability of growing plum cultivars and hybrids of German origin in Latvian conditions. In the trial the plum cultivars and hybrids were planted at the Latvia State Institute of Fruit Growing (now, Institute of Horticulture) in spring 2008. Six W. Hartmann genotypes (cultivars ‘Tipala’, ‘Tegera’ and ‘Haganta’, and hybrids H-5102, H-3753, and H-3690) from Hohenheim University were included in the study. Prunus cerasifera was used as rootstock. The parameters evaluated were: beginning of flowering, ripening time, average yield (kg per tree), cumulative yield (kg), and average fruit weight from 2012 to 2016, and content of soluble solids from 2014 to 2016. In addition, self-fertility was evaluated in 2015 and 2016 for three cultivars and one hybrid. The winter of 2010/2011 was unfavourable, as plum orchards and most plum cultivars in Latvia suffered winter damage, but cultivars and hybrids in the trial were without damages. Significant damages were not observed in further years. Average flowering time in the four-year period for all cultivars and hybrids was the 1st or 2nd decade of May, harvest time was from the 1st decade of August to the 3rd decade of September. The earliest was hybrid H-3690, and the latest was cv.’Haganta’. The most productive was hybrid H-3690, which gave 42 kg in the 3rd year of yield and had the most rapid rise in yields. ‘Haganta’ had the biggest fruits (50 to 60 g) and highest content of soluble solids (17-18 Brix%). Self-fertility level was 40% for ‘Tegera’, 17.4% for ‘Haganta’, 14.5% for H-3690 and 0% for ‘Tipala’. Evaluation of all analysed parameters showed that ‘Tegera’ could be recommended for Latvian growers thanks to good winter hardiness in the research period. ‘Haganta’ is recommended only for warmer regions in Latvia. Hybrid H-3690 will potentially be useful for Latvian growers.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Bitter Gourd (MomordicacharantiaL.) under Different Training Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (june) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bhanuprakash c ◽  
◽  
Sankari A ◽  
Ushanandhini Devi H ◽  
Murali Arthanari Arthanari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Training System ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Benefit Cost

The present study aimed to identify suitable training system for bitter gourd cultivation,The experiment was conducted at College Orchard, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Among the different training systems evaluated, pandal system recorded the highest vine length (481.81 cm), followed by the bamboo training system (476.76cm). The treatment using fish net training system showed the highest internodal length (6.34 cm). Pandal training system exhibited the highest number of branches (10.04). Earliness in terms of days for the appearance of male and female flowers was observed in pandal training system (41.33 and 53.16 days respectively). Days to 50% flowering was also found earlier in the pandal system (64.23 days). The narrow sex ratio (5.86) was observed in the bamboo pole support system tied with gunny thread. The pandal system recorded the highest number of fruits per vine (78.66) and gunny thread training system recorded the lowest number of fruits (34.83). The highest fruit length of 21.35 Madras Agric.J., 2021; doi: 10.29321/MAJ.10.000291(online first) cm and fruit diameter of 3.57 cm wererecorded inthe pandal training system. The maximum fruit weight was recorded in the pandal system (74.12 g fruit-1) and the minimum fruit weight was observed (52.74g fruit-1) in the fish net system. Pandal training system exhibited the highest yield plant-1 (5.79 kg plant-1), yield plot-1 (132.65 kg) and yield hectare-1 (119.16 q ha-1) while the lowest values were recorded under gunny thread system of cultivation. Among the different training systems pandal/conventional training system is more economical with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.51 followed by bamboo system, fish net system and bamboo poles support system tied with gunny thread

scholarly journals Comparison of SHD and Open-Center Training Systems in Almond Tree Orchards cv. ‘Soleta’

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
José Casanova-Gascón ◽  
Marcos Figueras-Panillo ◽  
Ignasi Iglesias-Castellarnau ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Training System ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Almond Tree ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Almond Cultivar

The increase in the demand for almonds, the development of novel self-fertile and late-flowering varieties, and the establishment of plantations in new irrigated areas have led to significant progress in the productive techniques of almond tree cultivation. One of the most important has been the increase in planting density, due to the development of dwarfing rootstocks. This paper presents a comparison between two training systems with ‘Soleta’ almond cultivar: a super high density (SHD) system using Rootpac-20 dwarfing rootstock versus an open-center training system using GF-677 rootstock. To this end, several parameters related to chlorophyll content (fluorescence and SPAD) and light interception (from photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measurements) were monitored throughout two vegetative cycles, and other productive conditions (flowering, fruit set and production) were tracked at specific times of the cycle. The open-center system resulted in higher PAR interception than the SHD system, but also in the presence of poorly illuminated fractions of the canopy. Differences were observed between both systems in terms of average fruit weight and yield per canopy volume. Lower yields were obtained in SHD system than in open-center, which may be significantly increased by adapting the inter-row spacing. However, the degree of efficiency in the use of resources or productive inputs, such as irrigation, was favorable to the new SHD training system, so its potential to become a reference system in modern plantations (using over-the-row harvesters similar to those used for vine and olive trees) seems promising.

scholarly journals INTERACTION OF TRAINING SYSTEM, SUMMER PRUNING AND ROOT PRUNING ON YIELD AND CANOPY DENSITY OF PEACH

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1168g-1168
Author(s):  
W.C. Olien ◽  
R.E. Williamson ◽  
C.E. Hood ◽  
D.R. Decoteau ◽  
D.C. Coston
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Training System ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Training Systems

Factorial combinations of ± root pruning (RP) and ± summer pruning (SP) were initiated in 1991 as subplots within a Redhaven/Lovell study of orchard training systems: Open Center (OC), Y-Trellis (YT), Central Leader (CL), and Meadow Orchard (MO) established in 1985. Root pruning was imposed at bloom (March 28) at 76 cm from the trunk to a depth of 45 cm. Summer pruning consisted of preharvest removal of water sprouts (June 5). Canopy density, quantified by transmittance of PAR radiation through the canopy, was greatest in OC and MO and least in YT and CL systems. SP and RP treatments further reduced canopy density by 35 to 80%. There were no main or interactive effects of SP and RP on 1991 yields or fruit quality, and also no interactive effects of orchard systems with SP and RP. Thus, SP and RP reduced canopy density without negative effects on fruit. RP, however, advanced harvest date by ca 4 days. A parallel study was also initiated in 1991 to determine the effects of root pruning distance (30, 60, 90 cm from the trunk, or no RP) on canopy density, yield, and fruit quality of mature, OC-trained Redhaven/ and Jefferson/Lovell. Reduction in canopy density without loss of yield or fruit size was obtained at a RP distance between 60 and 90 cm.

scholarly journals BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF 'CATHERINE SEL 1' PEACH CULTIVAR IN SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Leinar Septar ◽  
Cristina Moale ◽  
Ion Caplan ◽  
Luana Bocioroaga
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Peach Cultivar ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
The Impact

In arid and semi-arid regions, irrigation application is mandatory for modern fruit growing, but the optimal irrigation application requires large amounts of water. In the context of global warming, water saving is a major objective. Therefore, deficit irrigation (DI) is an attractive alternative. The plant studied was thirteen years old ‘Catherine Sel.1’ peach trees. The trees were grafted on franc rootstock and planted in a 4 m x 3 m layout. Soil management was represented by clean cultivation both between tree rows and in the row. Fruit size and weight are important qualities and yield traits in peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch), but the factors that influence fruit size and weight remain to be explored. The fruit biometrical characteristics was influenced by the irrigation regime, with the irrigated treatment with 100% AHI (T1) showing significantly (P <5%) higher differences versus T2 and T3. As with fruit biometrical characteristics, the fruit weight determined on the fruits of the studied treatments had the same trend. In this study, we investigated the impact of stress hydric on fruit size and weight at 'Catherine sel 1' peach cultivar in 2019-2020 period.

scholarly journals Final evaluation of nine plum cultivars grafted onto two rootstocks in a trial established in 1998 at Holovousy

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažek ◽  
I. Pištěková
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Tree Vigour

Nine plum cultivars newly introduced into production were evaluated in a replicated trial established in 1998 on two rootstocks planted in a spacing of 5 &times; 1.5 m. Trees were trained as spindles and evaluated regarding vigour, canopy performance, level and stability of yields, yield efficiency, fruit size, time of flowering and harvest season until 2010. Significant differences among cultivars were found but the most interesting were related to tree vigour, yield efficiency and fruit size. Dwarfing influence of Wangenheim seedling was negligible in Empress and Čačanska lepotica but mostly visible in Sanctus Hubertus. Wegierka Dabrowicka on both the rootstocks had the highest yield efficiency, exceeding 3 kg/m<sup>3</sup> of trunk cross-section area. Yield efficiency of trees grafted on Wangenheim was generally higher than those grafted on Myrobalan but the greatest difference was evidenced on Domestic Prune (more than 25%). Suggestions in terms of trees-spacing are definitively proposed upon results of this study.

scholarly journals The Effects of Rootstocks and Training Systems on the Early Performance of ‘0900 Ziraat’ Sweet Cherry

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal AGLAR ◽  
Kenan YILDIZ ◽  
Lynn Edwards LONG
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Training System ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Leader Training ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
And Training

The effects of three rootstocks (‘Gisela 5’, ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’) and three training systems (Spanish bush, Steep leader and Vogel central leader) on early performance of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry were compared. There have been significant differences among both rootstocks and training systems in terms of tree heights. At the end of the fourth year, while the height of the trees grafted on ‘Gisela 5’ was 238.3 cm, those grafted on ‘MaxMa 14’ reached 266.4 cm in height. While the shortest tree height was obtained from Spanish bush system, heights of the trees in Steep leader and Vogel central leader training systems were found to be at similar levels. ‘Gisela’ 5 had lower trunk cross section area (TCSA) than ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’ rootstocks. Among three systems, trees trained to Steep leader had the highest TCSA, followed by Spanish bush and Vogel central leader. Interactions were found between rootstock and training system for yield and yield efficiency. On ‘Gisela 6’, cumulative yield of Vogel central leader system (17.0 g/tree) was significantly higher than Spanish bush (14.8 g/tree) and Steep leader (12.6 g/tree). On the other hand, on ‘MaxMa 14’, there were not significant differences in cumulative yield per tree among training systems. On ‘Gisela 5’ and ‘Gisela 6’, the highest yield efficiency were observed in trees trained as Vogel central leader. Yield efficiency of Vogel central leader (0.49 kg cm-²) was two time higher than those of Spanish bush (0.29 kg cm-²) and Steep leader (0.26 kg cm-²) on ‘Gisela 6’. The weight of fruits from trees grafted on ‘Gisela 5’ was lower than those from trees on ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’. In the fourth year, while the average fruit weight was 5.86 g on ‘Gisela 5’, it was 6.00 and 6.25 g on ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’ rootstocks respectively.

scholarly journals Aspects influencing the rootstock – scion performance during long term evaluation in pear orchard

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mészáros ◽  
Luděk Laňar ◽  
Josef Kosina ◽  
Jan Náměstek
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Growth Vigour ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Growth Vigor

During 1999–2016, the performance of ‘Red Bartlett’, ‘Conference’ and ‘Beurré Alexander Lucas’ grafted on four pear (Pyrus) rootstocks OH × F 69, OH × F 87, OH × F 230, OH × F 333 and on quince (Cydonia) rootstock BA 29 was evaluated at the RBIP Holovousy Ltd. For each combination, trunk cross-section area, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and mean fruit weight were assessed. The growth vigour of the scion cultivars on OH × F rootstocks was similar or slightly higher comparing to the growth on BA 29. Throughout the years, the growth vigor and productivity of the rootstock combinations may change. Less vigorous combinations of rootstock/scion were linked with higher yields in young trees, but usually with just moderate yields in later seasons. By contrast, combinations with higher growth vigour had usually higher yields in the later seasons. This balance is genotype specific, where aside of rootstock an important role is played by the scion cultivar vigour. The bearing precocity may be influenced by the cultivar as well. The results can vary with different climatic conditions and orchard management.  

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