scholarly journals Reaction of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum in field infection trials and the efficacy of fungicides

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Váňová ◽  
L. Tvarůžek ◽  
H. Hrabalová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Lower Infection ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Fifteen winter wheat varieties were tested for their reaction to Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum in the ear in 1996, 1998 and 1999. To ensure a sufficient level of infection in the field the varieties were artificially inoculated with spores of the two species at a ratio of 1:1. The infection was evaluated using a 10-score scale at three times: first at the milk stage (BBCH 71–75), i.e. about 14 days after inoculation; two further readings were taken at 7-day intervals. The data were used to calculate the average infection for each variety at each reading, and were statistically evaluated. The parameter “area under disease progress curve” (AUDPC) was also calculated. Significant differences between varieties were found in all investigated years. On the average of the 3 years, the variety Ebi showed the lowest infection. Other varieties with significantly low infection were Estica and Atlet. The variety with the highest infection was Bruneta, followed by Samanta, Saskia and Samara. The degree of infection was considerably influenced by weather conditions in the year. A lower infection was observed in 1996 when rainfall in the period from 1st to 20th June was below normal, while rainfalls in 1998 and 1999 were higher in this period. The efficacy of fungicides was assessed in the highly susceptible variety Bruneta. All tested preparations significantly decreased the degree of infection in comparison with the untreated control. In 1998 the efficacy of fungicides was rather low (from 15.51 to 37.55%), while in 1999 it was higher (from 36.74 to 58.20%). In both years the preparation Folicur BT was most efficacious.

scholarly journals Breeding evaluation of chinese bread winter wheat varieties recent in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
O.M. Bakumenko ◽  
V.A. Vlasenko ◽  
O.M. Osmachko ◽  
Fanhua Meng ◽  
Qian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
North East ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Experimental researches had been carried out during 2012–2016 in the crop rotation of Sumy National Agrarian University (SNAU) of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Soils on the experimental field of SNAU – black soil typical deep, non-humusful medium-loam with high and medium provision with elements of mineral nutrition. The humus content about 3.9 %. The reaction of the soil solution is close to neutral (5.8). The analysis of the weather conditions of 2012–2016 researches was conducted on the basis of annual data provided by the meteorological station of the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East of the NAAS, located five kilometers from the experimental field of SNAU. The SNAU soils are classified in the second agro-climatic region of the Sumy region, which according to a long-term data is characterized by temperate continental climate with warm summers and not very cold winters with thaws. Average daily (average annual) air temperature during 2012–2016 fluctuated from +7.9 to +9.5 ºС, and the legth of the frost-free period was close to 230 days. Long-term indicator, precipitation falls within 597–600 mm, with most of it – in the warm period (April-October). In general, the weather conditions during the winter wheat vegetation periods differed from the average annual parameters of the temperature regime, the amount of precipitation and their monthly distribution. It should be noted the excess of temperature to the average long-term index, as well as a slight precipitation increasing. In general, it facilitated to a comprehensive evaluation of the studied Chinese varieties as for an adaptive ability under condition of Ukraine. The samples of Chinese winter wheat varieties which originated from the expeditionary gatherings conducted by V. A. Vlasenko in Gansu and Hebei provinces in (2000–2012) were the material for conducting researches. The cultivar Podolianka (the standard) was used in the study for comparison. The research was carried out using field, laboratory and mathematical-statistical methods. Phenological observations and records, evaluation and harvesting were conducted in accordance with generally accepted methods. The results of research as for adaptive potential of Chinese bread winter wheat varieties are presented. 50 new cultivars of Chinese origin were analyzed under the conditions of left-bank side of North-East Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: super-early varieties – 10 %; early ripening varieties – 54 %; middle-early varieties – 12 %; mid-ripening varieties – 24 %. As for the level of tolerance for winter conditions, all groups of alien crops were inferior to the standard (cultivar Podolyanka) though they had a great level of index (6.4–7.9 points). In general, Chinese cultivars under the conditions of the research were characterized by relatively satisfactory tolerance for winter conditions; 52 % of analyzed patterns wintered at the level of standard with 8 points. Among them: super-early varieties – 2 %; early ripening varieties – 20 %; middle-early varieties – 8 %; mid-ripening varieties – 22 %. As for the height of the plants we identified – from medium-sized (81‒110 cm) forms to dwarf (30-50 cm). The analyzed genotypes divided into medium-sized forms – 22 %, dwarf forms – 14 % and semidwarf forms – 64 %. There was a direct relation between: a plant height → group of ripeness (r = 0.96) → group of ripeness (r = 0.92) → resistance to overwintering (r = 0.78). Among the analyzed patterns high resistance against a group of diseases had the varieties: middle-early genotypes – Longzhong 10, Zhong mai 19, Shijra zhuang 8; mid-ripening genotypes – Longzhong 1, Longzhong 3, Longzhong 2, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 7; early ripening genotypes – DF529, Lankao 906, DF581, СА0175, Zhongmai 9, Shi 4185, Jimai 22, Shixin 733, Shimai 12. As for the crop better than the standard: early ripening varieties –Jimai 19, DF529; middle-early varieties – Shijiazhuang 8, Longzhong 10, Jingdong 8; middle-early varieties – NSA 97-2082, Longzhong 2, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 7, Longzhong 5, Longzhong 8, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 11, Longzhong 3. 16 % of analyzed cultivars distinguished by the totality of researched characteristics – DF529, Shijiazhuang 8, Longzhong 3, Longzhong 10, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 7, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 2.

scholarly journals Resistance of winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic to mycotoxin accumulation in grain following inoculation with Fusarium culmorum

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
E. Matějová ◽  
S. Sýkorová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Classification Of Varieties ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Resistance of 35 winter wheat varieties to the accumulation of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grain was evaluated in field trials lasting three years (2004, 2005, 2006) after artificial inoculation with <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>. Data on DON and ZEA content were supplemented by symptom scores and determination of % of Fusarium damaged grains and % reductions of thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike due to infection. The conditions of experimental years highly influenced the performance of all characters. The highest production of DON occurred in 2006 at a high temperature and high moisture content during the infection period. Moderate resistance to the accumulation of DON (at the level of Swiss variety Arina) was detected in the varieties Apache, Samanta, Simila and Alana. Another six varieties (Rheia, Banquet, Ludwig, Rapsodia, Dromos and Globus) also showed relatively low average DON content, but a higher fluctuation in experimental years. DON content was positively related to ZEA content and significant correlations were also detected between DON content and the examined disease severity traits. In all years the earlier varieties showed lower DON accumulation than later varieties, but the effects of genotype earliness on the other traits, including ZEA content, were not often significant (not similar under different conditions). The obtained results could help to improve the classification of varieties from these aspects, which is desirable for recommendation on their use in practice and breeding.

scholarly journals Ecological trial of the winter wheat varieties of the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
V. L. Sapunkov ◽  
A. V. Solonkin ◽  
A. V. Guzenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The current paper has presented the trial results of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in 2018 -2020. Currently, the farmers have bred a lot of different wheat varieties, but they are not able to take into account all the peculiarities of their cultivation. The purpose of the current work was to study the features of the autumn and spring-summer vegetation periods of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. There have been selected 10 winter wheat varieties for the trials. The field trial was laid down on dark chestnut soils of the lands of the Serafimovichsky district in the Volgograd region. The study was carried out according to the generally accepted B.A. Dospekhov’s methodology. The field trials showed that the germination of winter wheat was influenced by a seeding depth, which was 7-9 cm. The best germination was found among the varieties ‘Asket’, ‘Etyud’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Donskaya Step’ and ‘Zhavoronok’. During the trials, the formation of a productive stand was greatly influenced by the weather (the length of a spring tillering period, precipitation in May), as well as the traits of the variety. The winter wheat varieties ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Krasa Dona’ were able to form a large number of productive stems under favorable weather conditions. Under insufficient moisture supply, the largest number of productive stems was formed by the varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Lilit’. The highest tillering intensity during an autumn vegetation period was shown by the variety ‘Lidiya’ (4.7–6.2 shoots), including the varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.2–5.4 shoots) and ‘Etyud’ (4.0–5.3 shoots). The largest productivity was produced by the varieties ‘Donskaya Step’ (4.97 t/ha), ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.95 t/ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (4.90 t/ha) over three years.

scholarly journals Freezing tolerance of bread winter wheat and its relation with morphological features

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
A. Pirych ◽  
T. Yurchenko ◽  
S. Koliadenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Apical Cone ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In recent years there have been significant changes in weather conditions during wheat growth and development. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the level of freezing tolerance of bread winter wheat varieties and their morphological features. The study was conducted during 2016–2019 at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat. 19 bread winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka were studied. Freezing tolerance of plants was determined according to DSTU 4749:2007 which based on freezing wheat plants in chambers at -18 ºC and -20 ºC with pre-hardening in the open field. The high-frost-tolerant wheat variety Myronivska 808 was used as standard of freezing tolerance. Statistical data processing was performed according to Fisher’s test. Morphological condition of plants was estimated in autumn after vegetation dormancy onset and in spring after its restoration according to the F.M. Kuperman method. The research years were characterized by contrasting weather conditions. It was found that the most bread winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka have high and medium level of freezing tolerance. Over the years of the research, the elongation of apical cone in the standard variety Myronivska 808 varied from 0.01 to 0.42 mm. In the varieties studied, the elongation of apical cone ranged within 0–0.10 mm (2016– 17), 0.35–0.68 (2017–18) and 0.03–0.32 mm (2018–19). According to the assessment of freezing tolerance, there have been identified valuable bread winter wheat varieties with percent of viable plants over the years of the research exceeding standard variety Myronivska 808 or being at the same level. The varieties MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Estafeta myronivska, Vezha myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, MIP Assol were high frost tolerant ones. On average, over the years of the research the varieties MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Estafeta myronivska, Vezha myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, and MIP Assol had elongation of apical cone at the level of the Myronivska 808 variety. The variation of the strength and direction of connections between the level of frost resistance and morphological indicators (plant height, length of the growth cone) determined at the time of termination and restoration of winter wheat vegetation was established. Key words: winter wheat, varieties, freezing tolerance, growth, development, apical cone.

scholarly journals Sowing dates and their effect on productivity and grain quality of the winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
L. A. Radchenko ◽  
Т. L. Ganotskaya ◽  
А. F. Radchenko ◽  
S. S. Babanina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The analysis of the Crimean weather conditions during the autumn vegetation period of winter wheat indicates climate warming and, in this regard, the necessity to adjust the optimal sowing dates. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the productivity and grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties depending on different sowing dates. The objects of the study were five winter wheat varieties sown in 5 dates from October 1 to November 30 with an interval of 15 days. Field trials were conducted with appropriate observations, records, measurements and analyzes, according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing. Statistical processing of the trials was carried out by the B.A. Dospekhov’s method of dispersion and correlation analyzes. The study was carried out through three years, two vegetation periods of which (2017–2018 and 2019–2020) were dry, one period (2018-2019) was favorable for the development of winter grain crops. According to the results of the analysis of variance, there have been identified significant differences in the effect of all three factors (‘variety’, ‘length’ and ‘year’) and their correlation in all combinations on the productivity formation. The factors ‘sowing date’ (33%) and ‘correlation between date and year’ (49%) had the greatest influence on the productivity formation. In 2018, the most optimal for all studied varieties was the second sowing date (15.10), in 2019 it was the first (1.10), and under the conditions of 2020, the later sowing dates were more favorable, and the 4th period was marked as optimal (15.11). The mean productivity of all varieties at the optimum sowing dates was 4.0; 5.5 and 3.46 t/ha, respectively. The factors ‘sowing date’, ‘year’, and the correlation between them significantly influenced protein percentage in grain. Their effect on the manifestation of the above trait was 29%, 14% and 23%, respectively; on gluten content it was 29%, 16% and 21%, respectively.

scholarly journals The examination of the agronomy, the amount of yield, and the yield stability of winter wheat varieties

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kátai
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Our research was carried out at University of Debrecen Centre for Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Institution of Plant Sciences Látókép Research Institute through the breeding year of 2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 using cherrnozem soil. In our research we tested 14 chosen autumn wheat varieties during the three crop years.The different varieties showed very dissimilar ability of resistance against diseases through the three crop years. We could observe both susceptible and resistant varieties. Susceptible varieties got diseases even in favourable crop years. The observed winter wheat varieties showed higher susceptibility against helminthosporium (21.8%) and leaf rost (16.4%). Among the 14 varieties we experienced the least susceptibility in the case of ‘Gaspard’ and ‘GK Kalász’. The research showed that the disease of fusarium undoubtedly depends on the features of the crop year.In terms of stem solidity we experienced big differences. Among all the observed winter wheat varieties the mid-late ripening ‘Gaspard’ showed the best results in the average of the three years, only 5.3% was beaten down.The three ripening group of the winter wheat showed the following average yield in the average of three years: 7065 kg/hectare (early ripening varieties), 7261 kg/hectare (late ripening varieties), 6793 kg/hectare (mid-late ripening varieties). Among all the observed varieties the early ripening ‘Flori 2’ produced the biggest yield (7692 kg/hectare).During the three crop years we reached very different amounts of yield which means that weather conditions had a telling affect on yield. In 2004 we reached an excellent average yield in all the tree  breeding groups because of the favourable weather conditions. In 2005 we had a moderate amount of yield because of the unfavourable weather conditions of winter. The year of 2006 showed the smallest amount of yield which is due to the fact that the plant grew less thick than usually.There were significant differences among the observed varieties in the term of yield, which can be attributed to dissimilar biological basics.One of he most important questions is the yield stability of the varieties. We had extremely different results at this field. Speaking in general terms we can state that both weather conditions and genetical abilities have a determining effect on yield. In the case of winter wheat varieties the rate of yield fluctuation was quite big, moving in the interval of 33.7-70.3%. Among all the observed varieties ‘Gaspard’ showed the best yield stability (33.3%). 

scholarly journals Problems and productivity of selection of winter wheat varieties with increased environmental stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Yu. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Aim. The search of adaptive response peculiarities to adverse environmental factors is an important condition of development of varietal technologies and control of adaptive potential of winter wheat varieties. Methods. The studies were carried out in accordance with the field test methodology. The wheat varieties of different types of growing, different genetic and ecological origins were studied. Results. In our studies, plasticity index (bi) of most winter wheat varieties was close to one and higher under various growing conditions. The yield advantage of a number of varieties was mainly in favourable weather conditions, and in unfavourable conditions yields were low. Varieties that are more resistant to stressful conditions (Askaniis`ka, Kuialnyk, Klarisa, Driada) were characterised by relatively low response to changes of growing conditions, their regression factor was less than one and kept reducing, their resistance to unfavourable conditions were increased. Conclusions. If severe stress limits in environmental conditions are expected, it is necessary to grow and use the winter wheat varieties with increased stability of yielding capacity in selection (Khersonska bezosta, Khersonska 99, Znakhidka odes`ka, Askaniis`ka, Klarisa (facultative). Keywords: winter wheat, plasticity, stability, yielding capacity.

scholarly journals Features of accumulation and consumption of soluble carbohydrates by plants of soft winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
O. M. Drumova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The results of three-year research (2016–2019) conducted in the fields of the State Enterprise Experimental Farm "Dnipro" of the SЕ Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine with soft winter wheat was presented. The soft winter wheat was placed on black fallow (on background of N30P60K30) and after sunflower (on background of N60P60K60). It was found that winter wheat plants had a not the same ability to accumulate soluble carbohydrates in years with different weather conditions. The analysis of plant samples showed that the largest number of these substances had synthesized in the autumn 2017. It was found that in the plots with black fallow during the period from November 20, 2017 to January 10, 2018, the amount of soluble carbohydrates (total amount of mono- and disaccharides) in the tillering nodes of winter wheat plants of Uzhynok variety decreased from 41.2 % to 34.7 % (by 6.5 %), Nyva Odeska variety – from 43.9 % to 32.7 % (by 11.2 %), Kokhanka variety – from 45.0 % to 42.6 % (only by 2.4 %). From January 10 until the resumption of spring vegetation, the carbohydrates were consumed most intensively by plants of the Uzhynok and Kokhanka varieties. It was found that despite the lower doses of mineral fertilizers applied to presowing cultivation, winter wheat plants accumulated more soluble carbohydrates in all years after black fallow than after sunflower. On average for three years of research, the highest consumption of sugars during the winter both in leaves and in tillering nodes, regardless of the forecrop, was observed in plants of the Uzhynok variety. It was found that the winter wheat plants of Kokhanka variety consumed soluble carbohydrates more economically than the Uzhynok and Nyva Odeska varieties, and grew more intensively in early spring. The content of sugars in the tillering nodes of Kokhanka variety during resumption of spring vegetation was 28.4 % for black fallow and 25.9 % after non-fallow forecrop. Key words: winter wheat, variety, soluble carbohydrates, forecrop, background of nutrition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document