scholarly journals Features of accumulation and consumption of soluble carbohydrates by plants of soft winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
O. M. Drumova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The results of three-year research (2016–2019) conducted in the fields of the State Enterprise Experimental Farm "Dnipro" of the SЕ Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine with soft winter wheat was presented. The soft winter wheat was placed on black fallow (on background of N30P60K30) and after sunflower (on background of N60P60K60). It was found that winter wheat plants had a not the same ability to accumulate soluble carbohydrates in years with different weather conditions. The analysis of plant samples showed that the largest number of these substances had synthesized in the autumn 2017. It was found that in the plots with black fallow during the period from November 20, 2017 to January 10, 2018, the amount of soluble carbohydrates (total amount of mono- and disaccharides) in the tillering nodes of winter wheat plants of Uzhynok variety decreased from 41.2 % to 34.7 % (by 6.5 %), Nyva Odeska variety – from 43.9 % to 32.7 % (by 11.2 %), Kokhanka variety – from 45.0 % to 42.6 % (only by 2.4 %). From January 10 until the resumption of spring vegetation, the carbohydrates were consumed most intensively by plants of the Uzhynok and Kokhanka varieties. It was found that despite the lower doses of mineral fertilizers applied to presowing cultivation, winter wheat plants accumulated more soluble carbohydrates in all years after black fallow than after sunflower. On average for three years of research, the highest consumption of sugars during the winter both in leaves and in tillering nodes, regardless of the forecrop, was observed in plants of the Uzhynok variety. It was found that the winter wheat plants of Kokhanka variety consumed soluble carbohydrates more economically than the Uzhynok and Nyva Odeska varieties, and grew more intensively in early spring. The content of sugars in the tillering nodes of Kokhanka variety during resumption of spring vegetation was 28.4 % for black fallow and 25.9 % after non-fallow forecrop. Key words: winter wheat, variety, soluble carbohydrates, forecrop, background of nutrition.

scholarly journals Variability of yield and resistance to disease of soft winter wheat varieties depending on the year of testing

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
L. Holyk ◽  
L. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Very High ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

New varieties of soft winter wheat have been submitted for state scientific and technical expertise: Krasunya Poliska, Mokosha, Pyriatynka, Fortetsia Poliska, Efektna – in 2018, Zemlerob and Lyubito – in 2020. The best varieties in 2020 were Efektna – 6.87 t/ha, Pyriatynka and Zemlerob – 6.56 t/ha each, Fortetsia Poliska – 6.48 t/ha. During 2016-2020, all the varieties undergoing qualification examination exceeded the Lisova pisnia standard in terms of yield (5.97 t/ha). Thus, the yield of the Fortetsia Poliska variety was 7.31 t/ha, Pyriatynka – 7.10 t/ha, Zemlerob – 7.06 t/ha, Krasunya Poliska – 6.95 t/ha, Lyubito – 6.72 t/ha ha, Efektna – 6.36 t/ha, Mokosha – 6.27 t/ha. It is worth noting the significant variation in the yield over the years of research in all varieties submitted for further study and registration for state scientific and technical examination. At the Panfil research station, the yield of soft winter wheat varieties Mokosha and Zemlerob exceeded the standard in terms of yield – 6.4 t/ha, Fortetsia Poliska – 6.1 t/ha and the Efektna variety was not inferior to the standard – 5.9 t/ha. Brown rust damage during 2016–2020 was lower compared to powdery mildew. It was found that the Efektna variety had a very high resistance to both powdery mildew and brown rust. Very high resistance to brown rust was observed in 2020 for all varieties that were submitted for variety testing. It was found that the incidence of leaf septoria during 2016–2020 was high compared to brown rust and powdery mildew. The cultivar Zemlerob was selected, which had both a stable lesion (Min = 7 %) and a weak susceptibility (Max = 28 %). It was found that in the snowless 2020 and in the abundant rainfall of 2018, the defeat of septoria leaves had moderate resistance (X = 15.81 %) and (X = 20.03 %). Studies have shown that in 2020 a very high resistance to septoria of the ear was observed in the variety Fortetsia Poliska. In the Pyriatynka, Efektna, Lyubito varieties, the development of the disease was noted to be 1.0 % and the spread of the disease in the area – 10.0 %. Key words: soft winter wheat, variety, variability, yield, resistance to diseases, powdery mildew, brown rust, leaf septoria, olive mold, striped mosaic of leaves, BYDV.

scholarly journals Freezing tolerance of bread winter wheat and its relation with morphological features

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
A. Pirych ◽  
T. Yurchenko ◽  
S. Koliadenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Apical Cone ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In recent years there have been significant changes in weather conditions during wheat growth and development. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the level of freezing tolerance of bread winter wheat varieties and their morphological features. The study was conducted during 2016–2019 at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat. 19 bread winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka were studied. Freezing tolerance of plants was determined according to DSTU 4749:2007 which based on freezing wheat plants in chambers at -18 ºC and -20 ºC with pre-hardening in the open field. The high-frost-tolerant wheat variety Myronivska 808 was used as standard of freezing tolerance. Statistical data processing was performed according to Fisher’s test. Morphological condition of plants was estimated in autumn after vegetation dormancy onset and in spring after its restoration according to the F.M. Kuperman method. The research years were characterized by contrasting weather conditions. It was found that the most bread winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka have high and medium level of freezing tolerance. Over the years of the research, the elongation of apical cone in the standard variety Myronivska 808 varied from 0.01 to 0.42 mm. In the varieties studied, the elongation of apical cone ranged within 0–0.10 mm (2016– 17), 0.35–0.68 (2017–18) and 0.03–0.32 mm (2018–19). According to the assessment of freezing tolerance, there have been identified valuable bread winter wheat varieties with percent of viable plants over the years of the research exceeding standard variety Myronivska 808 or being at the same level. The varieties MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Estafeta myronivska, Vezha myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, MIP Assol were high frost tolerant ones. On average, over the years of the research the varieties MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Estafeta myronivska, Vezha myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, and MIP Assol had elongation of apical cone at the level of the Myronivska 808 variety. The variation of the strength and direction of connections between the level of frost resistance and morphological indicators (plant height, length of the growth cone) determined at the time of termination and restoration of winter wheat vegetation was established. Key words: winter wheat, varieties, freezing tolerance, growth, development, apical cone.

scholarly journals Окупність сумісного використання добрив та біопрепаратів на пшениці озимої в Південному Степу України

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
В. В. Гамаюнова ◽  
А. В. Панфілова
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Метою роботи було удосконалення елементів технології вирощування сортів пшениці озимої в умовах Південного Степу України на засадах ресурсозберігаючого живлення рослин шляхом оброблення посіву рослин рістрегулюючими речовинами в основні періоди вегетації по фону основного внесення невисоких доз мінеральних добрив. Методика дослідження. Експериментальні дослідження проводили впродовж 2011 – 2016 рр. на дослідному полі Миколаївського національного аграрного університету. Об’єктом досліджень була пшениця озима – сорти Кольчуга та Заможність. У дослідженнях застосовували загальноприйняті для зони методики досліджень. Урожайність визначали методом суцільного скошування з кожної облікової ділянки. Результати дослідження. У результаті виконаної роботи встановлено, що у роки досліджень урожайність пшениці озимої сорту Кольчуга коливалася в межах 2,89–4,48 т/га, а сорту Заможність – 3,05–4,99 т/га залежно від варіанту живлення. Найбільш оптимальним фон живлення складався за поєднання внесення помірної дози мінерального добрива і підживлення в період вегетації препаратами Органік Д2 та Ескорт – біо. Окупність приростом урожайності зерна в зазначених варіантах живлення пшениці озимої сорту Кольчуга склала 25,50–26,50 кг, а сорту Заможність – 31,83‒32,33 кг. Елементи наукової новизни. Набули подальшого розвитку питання ресурсозберігаючого живлення рослин пшениці озимої, у зв’язку з появою нових сортів, препаратів й зміною кліматичних і ґрунтових умов. Практична значущість одержаних результатів полягає в розробці, удосконаленні й впровадженні у виробництво елементів технології вирощування пшениці озимої на чорноземі південному, яка забезпечує приріст урожайності зерна на рівні 1,59–1,94 т/га залежно від сорту. The purpose of the work was improving the elements of the cultivation technology of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine on the basis of resource-saving plant nutrition by treating the plants with the growth-regulating preparations during the main vegetation periods on the background of the main applying low doses of mineral fertilizers. Methods of research. Experimental studies were conducted during 2011–2016 in the experimental field of Mykolaiv NAU. The objects of the research were such winter wheat varieties as Kolchuha and Zamozhnist.  Generally accepted methods for the given research area were used in the experiments. The yield was determined by the method of overall mowing from each accounting area. The research results. The studies have shown that, over the years of the research, the winter wheat yield of Kolchuha variety was 2.89–4.48 t/ha, and the yield of  Zamozhnist variety was 3.05–4.99 t/ha, depending on the variant of nutrition. The most effective variant of crop nutrition, over the years of research, was the application of a moderate dose of mineral fertilizers and additional fertilization during the vegetation period with the preparations “Organic D2” and “Escort-bio”. Thus, using these nutrition variants has resulted in yield increasing of Kolchuha winter wheat variety to 25.50–26.50 kg, and of Zamozhnist variety – to 31.83–32.33 kg. The elements of scientific novelty. The questions of the resource-saving nutrition of winter wheat plants, in connection with the appearance of new varieties, preparations and changes of climatic and soil conditions have been considered. The practical significance of the obtained results is the development, improvement and introduction into production of the elements of winter wheat cultivation technology in the Southern black soil, as this crop provides grain yield growth at the level of 1.59–1.94 tons/ha depending on the variety.

scholarly journals GRAIN QUALITY OF NEW WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES SELECTED BY NORTH-CAUCASUS RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL CENTER

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
N. A. Galushko ◽  
N. M. Komarov ◽  
N. I. Sokolenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article shows the research on grain quality which was conducted at North- Caucasus Scientific Agricultural Center 2015-2017. The research explored the grain quality of new soft winter wheat varieties. The grain belongs to own selections of soft winter wheat, particularly to Sekletiya, Zernetko 1, Tsaritsa and Liniya 1517. The authors focus on indicating the impact of certain factors on high-quality grain. Batko variety was applied as a standard. The soil of the experimental plot was black soil; the climate was moderate continental. The forecrop was pure steam. Before sowing, the authors applied complex mineral fertilizers dosed N40P60K40; in spring the researchers fertilized them with ammonium nitrate dosed26 kgof ammonium nitrate per hectare. The authors observed positive correlation between nature and flour strength qualities of grain (0,7-0,8); inverse relationship between the value of natural mass and IIR values (-0,79); dough elasticity to dough extensibility (-0,88); and baking absorption parameter (-0,85). Flour strength depends on protein quantity and quality (r = 0.79). The wheat varieties have shown different values of flour strength: Liniya 1517 and Zernetko 1 correspond to good filler (282-294 a.), Sekletiya, Tsaritsa and Batko (standard) correspond to satisfactory improver (312, 332,345 a.). Tsaritsa variety formed gluten of the first group during three years under different temperatures. This indicates the prevalence of protein glutenin fraction and capacity of strong wheat improver. The authors found out high correlation coefficient of sedimentation with the amount of gluten (r = 0.81) was found. The quality of winter wheat grain was affected by the arid conditions of grain loading in 2015 and overwetting in 2017. This prevented the varieties from showing up their capacities.

Impact of the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers on the infestation mildew, pyrenophora and yield of winter wheat varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Ozheredova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Esaulko ◽  
L.A. Mikhno ◽  
A.P. Shutko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents materials on the influence of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the incidence of powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis and yield of winter wheat varieties cultivated on leached Chernozem for 2016-2018.

scholarly journals Forming of productivity of new soft winter wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) subject to phyto-virus pressure

2008 ◽  
Vol 0 (1(7)) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
В. П. Петренкова ◽  
І. М. Черняева ◽  
Т. Ю. Маркова ◽  
Н. І. Рябчун ◽  
О. О. Ісаєнко
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals СОДЕРЖАНИЕ БЕЛКА В ЗЕРНЕ СОРТОВ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ УРОВНЯХ МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО ПИТАНИЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
V.V. Koshelyaev ◽  
V.I. Salnikov ◽  
I.P. Koshelyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Medium Activity ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Основным направлением повышения качества зерна является выведение новых сортов, генетически предрасположенных формировать зерно с высоким качеством. Вместе с тем, генетический потенциал сортов способен реализовываться только при конкретных погодных условиях и применении приемов возделывания, благоприятно влияющих на рост и развитие растений. В настоящих исследованиях путем изменения режимов питания растений создавали различные условия для того, чтобы определить возможности сортов формировать урожай зерна с большим содержанием белка. Цель работы оценить и выделить сорта озимой пшеницы, способные реализовать потенциал качества зерна при различных уровнях интенсификации минерального питания. Для достижения цели был заложен двухфакторный полевой опыт. Фактор А сорта озимой пшеницы, фактор В уровни минерального питания. В результате установлено, что сорта озимой пшеницы характеризуются неодинаковыми свойствами накапливать белок в зерне. Высокой активностью накапливать белок при внесении удобрений характеризуется сорт Клавдия 2. Средней активностью сорта Безенчукская 380, Московская 56 и низкой Немчиновская 57, Скипетр и Фатинья. Внесение минеральных удобрений из расчета N16 P16 K16 при посеве осенью и N68 в подкормку весной способствует формированию зерна с более высоким содержанием белка у всех сортов озимой пшеницы.The main direction of improving the quality of grain is the cultivation of new varieties genetically predisposed to form high quality grain. At the same time, the genetic potential of varieties can only be realized under specific weather conditions and the application of cultivation techniques that favourably affect the growth and development of plants. In these studies, various conditions were created by changing plant nutritional regimes in order to determine the possibilities of varieties to form a grain crop with a high protein content. The purpose of the work was to evaluate and highlight varieties of winter wheat that can realize the potential of grain quality at various levels of intensification of mineral nutrition. To achieve the goal, a two-factor field experiment was carried out. Factor A - winter wheat varieties, factor B - levels of mineral nutrition. As a result, it was established that varieties of winter wheat were characterized by unequal properties to accumulate protein in grain. Variety Claudia 2 was characterized by high activity to accumulate protein when fertilizing. Bezenchukskaya 380, Moskovskaya 56 were characterized by medium activity and Nemchinovskaya 57, Scepter and Fatigna - by low. The application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N16 P16 K16 during sowing in fall and N68 for top dressing in spring contributed to the formation of grain with a higher protein content in all varieties of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Morphoagrobiological properties and productivity of new soft winter wheat varieties under the conditions of Kirovohrad variety testing station

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
О. Л. Уліч ◽  
Г. М. Каражбей ◽  
С. В. Козак ◽  
Ю. Ф. Терещенко ◽  
І. В. Коховська
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variety Testing

scholarly journals Features of the formation of productivity signs of the yielding capacity in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Ya. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. Further improvement and application of modern methods of wheat breeding of different types of development for adaptiveness caused by change in the character of manifestation of limiting environmental factors under conditions of the Southern Ukrainian Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, selection and genetic, calculation and comparison research methods were used. Wheat varieties of different genetic and ecological origin under different growing conditions were examined. Results. Analysis of the parameters of plasticity and stability of the elements of the yield structure in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions revealed that their variability depends on both genotype and ecological gradients. For instance, by the weight of grain from ears only the varieties Kirena and Yaroslavna were distinguished by a high reaction to changes in growing conditions (bi= 1,215 – 1,635) among the analyzed genotypes, the other varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Znakhidka odeska and Klarisa manifested quite high plasticity (bi= 0,454 – 0,816). There was an analogous situation in the formation of the number of grains per ear. It is necessary to highlight an important biological feature of these varieties which formed the highest actual productivity under late sowing conditions and different sowing rates when compared to other varieties and realized its potentialities better. Conclusions.The research determined that every wheat variety of different development types should be considered in the aspect of its reaction to different growing conditions and to the capability of realizing genetic potential in a particular ecological region. The results of estimation of adaptiveness potential determined a high degree of homeostaticity in the winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the variety of an alternative type Klarisa. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of alternative types, adaptiveness, plasticity, stability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document