The effects of long-term diabetes on the haematological and uterine indicators and their association with neonatal nephrogenesis counter-protected by camel milk: A time dependent study

The novelty of this project is to describe how chronic diabetes altered the haematological and uterine indicators in a time dependent-manner that were reversed by camel milk (CM) therapy in pregnant and non-pregnant rat models. Fifty-four female rats were divided into three groups: Placebo (N), diabetic control (DC) and diabetic treated (DT) with CM at 40 ml/kg/24 h for 90 days. A single intact male was introduced into every group for mating at day 60 of the experiment. The sample collection was undertaken at day 30 and 60 of the non-pregnant rats and at day 90 immediately after parturition for the pregnant rats. At every collection, the dam’s blood, as well as the uteri and neonatal kidneys were collected and subjected to a paraffin tissue preparation technique for a histological evaluation. The data revealed that at day 30, the uterine endo- and myometrium remained unaffected by diabetes, but at day 60, a significant reduction in the uterine indicators from diabetes was observed. However, the CM restored the uterine histology in the DT. At 90 day, chronic diabetes showed (P < 0.05) a harmful effect on the pregnant uterus which was reversed (P < 0.05) by the CM. The RBC (red blood cell) indices, platelets, and leucocyte counts were severely affected by the diabetes and protected by the CM at every point of collection. The kidney tissues of the neonate rats, delivered by the dams, in the DC presented a significant (P < 0.05) shrinkage in the cortex and glomeruli while the CM potentially reversed these changes. These results will help to understand the chronic diabetes effects on the uterus and neonate’s renal genesis, and the role of camel milk in the management of chronic pre-gestational diabetes.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Oxytocin pretreatment decreases oxytocin-induced myometrial contractions in pregnant rats in a concentration-dependent but not time-dependent manner.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1160663.622055 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Phyllis Leppert

Keyword(s):

Time Dependent ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Pregnant Rats

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PLASMA PROLACTIN AND PROGESTERONE RESPONSES TO MATING ARE ALTERED IN AGED RATS

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0900179 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 179-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. HENDRICKS ◽

C. A. BLAKE

Keyword(s):

Plasma Concentrations ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Female Rats ◽

Plasma Prolactin ◽

Aged Rats ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Pregnant Rat ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

The One ◽

The Right

The effects of varying amounts of copulatory stimulation on patterns of plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone were evaluated in 3- and 12-month-old female rats. The 12-month-old group included rats which still exhibited oestrous cycles and rats in persistent vaginal oestrus (PVO). The extent of copulatory stimulation was defined by the number of intromissions received during mating: ≤5,15 or > 50. Blood samples were drawn over the 8 days after mating through a cannula inserted into the right external jugular vein. Plasma from the samples was assayed for prolactin and progesterone. In aged but still cyclic rats, pregnancy rates were positively correlated with the number of intromissions received during mating. Only one rat in PVO became pregnant. All animals which became pregnant and rats in PVO which, after mating, exhibited a disruption of the pattern of PVO, showed the nocturnal surge of plasma prolactin characteristic of pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. While these surges persisted until day 8 after mating in pregnant animals, they were absent by this time in the rats in PVO. Prolactin surges were present in some but not all of the aged rats which did not become pregnant. Progesterone concentrations were raised in all pregnant animals except the one pregnant rat in PVO and, while not related to the number of intromissions, concentrations were higher 8 days after mating in young compared with those in aged pregnant rats. Plasma progesterone was low in rats in PVO regardless of disruption of the pattern of PVO. We have concluded that the failure of limited copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in older rats results, at least in part, from its failure to initiate nocturnal prolactin surges. Nevertheless, our data suggest that matings which are not experimentally limited should provide ample stimulation to establish such surges. Although reduced plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone at pro-oestrus and reduced plasma progesterone through part of gestation may contribute to decreasing fertility in aged rats, other unidentified factors appear to be involved in mediating the capacity of extensive copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in these animals.

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Effects of prenatal PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone exposure on rat hippocampus development in a time-dependent manner: A stereological and histopathological study

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327117730883 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 827-835 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D Sağır ◽

B Eren ◽

BD Yılmaz ◽

Z Eren ◽

ON Keleş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pyramidal Cells ◽

Female Rats ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

High Dose ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Insulin Sensitizer

Rosiglitazone is in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works as an insulin sensitizer by binding to the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma. We investigated the effects of prenatally administered rosiglitazone on pyramidal cell numbers and morphologies in the hippocampus at postnatal period using histochemical and stereological techniques, congenital morphological properties and the number of offspring in rats. Eighteen female rats were grouped into control (C), low-dose rosiglitazone (LDR) and high-dose rosiglitazone (HDR). LDR pregnant rats received 2 mg/kg/day of rosiglitazone via oral gavage during the first 16 days of the pregnancy. HDR rats received 5 mg/kg/day. The infants were grouped into newborn (NB), 4 week (4 W) and 12 week (12 W). A side from histopathologic and congenital assessments, stereological analyses were performed using the optical fractionator method. Congenital anomaly was not detected in any of the rosiglitazone treatment groups, and their number of offspring was similar to that of the C group. Stereological counts revealed a significant reduction in the number of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the C and LDR groups but not in the HDR group until birth to 12th week. When NB groups were compared, the number of pyramidal cells in the HDRNB group was less than those in the LDRNB and CNB groups. HDR affected apoptosis or the proliferation and maturation of progenitor cells to the pyramidal neuron during neurodevelopment in the hippocampus, whereas LDR did not adversely affect neuronal development and did not cause congenital anomalies.

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A COMPARISON OF THE CONCENTRATION OF C14 IN THE TISSUES OF PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT FEMALE RATS FOLLOWING THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMIN K1-C14 AND VITAMIN K3-C14

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y57-081 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 691-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. D. Taylor ◽

G. J. Millar ◽

R. J. Wood

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Vitamin K ◽

Intravenous Administration ◽

Fetal Liver ◽

Live Weight ◽

Fetal Tissue ◽

Female Rats ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Pregnant Rat ◽

Significant Difference

The C14 content was determined of the livers, spleens, skeletal muscle, blood, feces, and urine of both pregnant and nonpregnant female rats and of the placentas, fetal livers, fetuses, and amnionic fluids of pregnant rats following the intravenous administration of 5 mg./kg. of either vitamin K1-C14 or vitamin K3-C14. The C14 concentrations of the livers of the rats given vitamin Kt were about 24 times larger than those of animals that had received vitamin K3-C14. A fivefold difference in the same direction exists between the concentrations in the spleens of the two groups. The C14 levels for skeletal muscle, blood, placenta, fetal liver, and fetal tissue were of similar magnitude regardless of whether vitamin Kt or vitamin K3 was administered. Isotope dilution tests revealed that following intravenous administration of vitamin K1-C14 the amount of radioactivity present as unchanged vitamin Kt-C14 was 12% for fetal tissue, 59% for placenta, and 120% for the maternal liver. The dry weights of the livers of pregnant rats were larger than those of nonpregnant rats and the increase was proportional to the live weight of the pregnant rat. No significant difference could be demonstrated in the percentage of the injected dose of vitamin K1 deposited in the livers of pregnant or nonpregnant rats. The same was true for vitamin K3-C14. The results of this experiment indicate that vitamin K3-C14 is not concentrated in the liver of the rat whereas vitamin K1-C14 is. Furthermore, it would appear that both vitamin K1 and vitamin K3 can pass the placental barrier of the rat.

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Oxytocin Pretreatment Decreases Oxytocin-induced Myometrial Contractions in Pregnant Rats in a Concentration-dependent But Not Time-dependent Manner

Reproductive Sciences ◽

10.1177/1933719108329954 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 501-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Joyce K. R. S. Magalhaes ◽

Jose C. A. Carvalho ◽

Robert K. Parkes ◽

John Kingdom ◽

Yong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Dependent ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Pregnant Rats

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Different characteristics of solubilized lactogen receptors from livers of pregnant and non-pregnant female rats

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2030653 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 203 (3) ◽

pp. 653-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Norio Sasaki ◽

Yuko Tanaka ◽

Yasuo Imai ◽

Toshio Tsushima ◽

Fukashi Matsuzaki

Keyword(s):

Binding Capacity ◽

Pregnant Female ◽

Female Rats ◽

Scatchard Analysis ◽

Female Rat ◽

Binding Studies ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Pregnant Rat ◽

Stokes Radius ◽

Rat Livers

Receptors specific for lactogenic hormones were solubilized by 1% (v/v) Triton X-100 from the crude particulate membrane fraction of livers of pregnant and non-pregnant female rats and the characteristics of both preparations were compared. Human 125I-labelled somatotropin was used for binding studies of lactogenic hormone. The solubilized receptor retained most of the characteristics noted in the particulate fraction. The binding of human 125I-labelled somatotropin to the solubilized receptor is a saturable process, depending on temperature and time. Scatchard analysis of displacement curves revealed similar affinity constants ranging from 1.02 × 109 to 1.20 × 109 1/mol, while the binding capacity was 4.5 times greater in the pregnant rat livers than in the non-pregnant female rat livers. The receptors for human 125I-labelled somatotropin from livers of non-pregnant and pregnant female rats were equally adsorbed onto a concanavalin-A-Sepharose column and were dissociated from the column with α-methyl-d-glucoside or α-methyl-d-mannoside in the same manner. By gel filtration on Sepharose 6B, however, the molecular sizes of the hepatic receptors were found to be different. The apparent Mr value was approx. 270000 with a Stokes‘ radius of 5.5nm in the non-pregnant female rats and approx. 330000 with a Stokes’ radius of 5.5nm in the pregnant rats. Furthermore, isoelectric-focusing experiments showed that a major part of the receptor from the non-pregnant female rat livers had a neutral pI (7.0—8.5), whereas that from pregnant-rat livers had an acidic pI (4.2—4.7). These data suggest that the increase in the lactogenic binding capacity in rat liver membranes during pregnancy may be associated with marked changes of the physicochemical properties of the receptors.

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Atrazine induced toxic impacts on the survival, behavior, and biochemical aspects of Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-374096/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Naireen Nayab ◽

Syed Ata Ur Rahman Shah ◽

Sana Ullah ◽

Muhammad Rauf ◽

Shandana Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Glutathione Reductase ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Total Protein ◽

Silver Carp ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix

Abstract The current research work was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of the widely used herbicide, Atrazine on the behavioral responses and biochemical changes in different tissues of Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Adult fish were exposed to different concentrations of Atrazine for different time periods. Mortality of fish was observed with increase in the concentration of Atrazine and time of exposure. The LC50 of Atrazine for 96 hours was calculated as 13.7µl/L. Fish exposed to Atrazine showed fast swimming, loss of equilibrium and balance, gulping, pale body coloration, and an excess amount of mucous secretion covered the buccal cavity and gills. Total protein contents, antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), were measured in the brain, gills, liver, and muscle tissues for biochemical analysis. Atrazine exposure resulted in a significant time-dependent decrease in total protein content in the liver, gills, brain, and muscle tissue of fish compared to the control group. A slight increase was observed in the activities of CAT and POD in the control group, while a significant decrease was observed in the ATZ-treated groups from 24 to 96 h. The glutathione reductase activity was significantly increased in the ATZ treated groups compared to control group. Likely, LPO level also increased in the liver, gills, brain, and muscle tissue in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner in ATZ treated groups compared to control group. Concludingly, our results revealed that Atrazine is toxic to fish, alter enzymes and total protein level, and lipid peroxidation level in fish. This harmful effect of Atrazine maybe generalized into environment and reduce the Silver carp population in the natural freshwater bodies.

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Endothelium and aortic contraction to endothelin-1 in the pregnant rat

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y99-150 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 372-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amadou Moctar Dièye ◽

Alexis Gairard

Keyword(s):

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Female Rats ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Pregnant Rat ◽

Endothelin 1 ◽

Key Words Endothelin ◽

Vasoconstrictor Peptide ◽

Aortic Contraction

Endothelium-derived factors modulate tone and may be involved in hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictors, such as norepinephrine or angiotensin II, as has been previously described during gestation. The endothelium produces endothelin-1, a major vasoconstrictor peptide, therefore aortic contractions to endothelin-1 (10-10 to 3 ×10-7 M) were used to assess the role of the endothelium in pregnant Wistar rats (at 20 days of gestation). Late pregnancy is characterized by a significantly diminished systolic blood pressure in conscious rats (-17 mmHg, P < 0.001, n = 14). In pregnant and in age-matched nonpregnant female rats, endothelin-1 induced aortic contraction was greater when endothelium was present (at least P < 0.01). Indomethacin significantly reduced this contraction in aortic rings with intact endothelium in all groups. In aortic rings that had endothelium physically removed, contraction to endothelin-1 was greater in pregnant rats than in nonpregnant ones. Indomethacin decreased contraction of aortic rings in pregnant rats only. These results suggest an enhanced synthesis of vasoconstrictors by cyclooxygenases in vascular smooth muscle during pregnancy. In vessels with intact endothelium, we did not find hyporeactivity to endothelin-1 during late pregnancy. Contraction to endothelin-1 involved ETA receptors because it was decreased by BQ-123, an ETA receptor antagonist, whereas there was no significant change when using BQ-788, an ETB receptor antagonist. Key words: endothelin-1, endothelium, contraction, aorta, gestation.

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