A COMPARISON OF THE CONCENTRATION OF C14 IN THE TISSUES OF PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT FEMALE RATS FOLLOWING THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMIN K1-C14 AND VITAMIN K3-C14

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Taylor ◽  
G. J. Millar ◽  
R. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Significant Difference

The C14 content was determined of the livers, spleens, skeletal muscle, blood, feces, and urine of both pregnant and nonpregnant female rats and of the placentas, fetal livers, fetuses, and amnionic fluids of pregnant rats following the intravenous administration of 5 mg./kg. of either vitamin K1-C14 or vitamin K3-C14. The C14 concentrations of the livers of the rats given vitamin Kt were about 24 times larger than those of animals that had received vitamin K3-C14. A fivefold difference in the same direction exists between the concentrations in the spleens of the two groups. The C14 levels for skeletal muscle, blood, placenta, fetal liver, and fetal tissue were of similar magnitude regardless of whether vitamin Kt or vitamin K3 was administered. Isotope dilution tests revealed that following intravenous administration of vitamin K1-C14 the amount of radioactivity present as unchanged vitamin Kt-C14 was 12% for fetal tissue, 59% for placenta, and 120% for the maternal liver. The dry weights of the livers of pregnant rats were larger than those of nonpregnant rats and the increase was proportional to the live weight of the pregnant rat. No significant difference could be demonstrated in the percentage of the injected dose of vitamin K1 deposited in the livers of pregnant or nonpregnant rats. The same was true for vitamin K3-C14. The results of this experiment indicate that vitamin K3-C14 is not concentrated in the liver of the rat whereas vitamin K1-C14 is. Furthermore, it would appear that both vitamin K1 and vitamin K3 can pass the placental barrier of the rat.

A COMPARISON OF THE CONCENTRATION OF C14 IN THE TISSUES OF PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT FEMALE RATS FOLLOWING THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMIN K1-C14 AND VITAMIN K3-C14

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Taylor ◽  
G. J. Millar ◽  
R. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Significant Difference

The C14 content was determined of the livers, spleens, skeletal muscle, blood, feces, and urine of both pregnant and nonpregnant female rats and of the placentas, fetal livers, fetuses, and amnionic fluids of pregnant rats following the intravenous administration of 5 mg./kg. of either vitamin K1-C14 or vitamin K3-C14. The C14 concentrations of the livers of the rats given vitamin Kt were about 24 times larger than those of animals that had received vitamin K3-C14. A fivefold difference in the same direction exists between the concentrations in the spleens of the two groups. The C14 levels for skeletal muscle, blood, placenta, fetal liver, and fetal tissue were of similar magnitude regardless of whether vitamin Kt or vitamin K3 was administered. Isotope dilution tests revealed that following intravenous administration of vitamin K1-C14 the amount of radioactivity present as unchanged vitamin Kt-C14 was 12% for fetal tissue, 59% for placenta, and 120% for the maternal liver. The dry weights of the livers of pregnant rats were larger than those of nonpregnant rats and the increase was proportional to the live weight of the pregnant rat. No significant difference could be demonstrated in the percentage of the injected dose of vitamin K1 deposited in the livers of pregnant or nonpregnant rats. The same was true for vitamin K3-C14. The results of this experiment indicate that vitamin K3-C14 is not concentrated in the liver of the rat whereas vitamin K1-C14 is. Furthermore, it would appear that both vitamin K1 and vitamin K3 can pass the placental barrier of the rat.

PLASMA PROLACTIN AND PROGESTERONE RESPONSES TO MATING ARE ALTERED IN AGED RATS

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HENDRICKS ◽  
C. A. BLAKE
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The effects of varying amounts of copulatory stimulation on patterns of plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone were evaluated in 3- and 12-month-old female rats. The 12-month-old group included rats which still exhibited oestrous cycles and rats in persistent vaginal oestrus (PVO). The extent of copulatory stimulation was defined by the number of intromissions received during mating: ≤5,15 or > 50. Blood samples were drawn over the 8 days after mating through a cannula inserted into the right external jugular vein. Plasma from the samples was assayed for prolactin and progesterone. In aged but still cyclic rats, pregnancy rates were positively correlated with the number of intromissions received during mating. Only one rat in PVO became pregnant. All animals which became pregnant and rats in PVO which, after mating, exhibited a disruption of the pattern of PVO, showed the nocturnal surge of plasma prolactin characteristic of pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. While these surges persisted until day 8 after mating in pregnant animals, they were absent by this time in the rats in PVO. Prolactin surges were present in some but not all of the aged rats which did not become pregnant. Progesterone concentrations were raised in all pregnant animals except the one pregnant rat in PVO and, while not related to the number of intromissions, concentrations were higher 8 days after mating in young compared with those in aged pregnant rats. Plasma progesterone was low in rats in PVO regardless of disruption of the pattern of PVO. We have concluded that the failure of limited copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in older rats results, at least in part, from its failure to initiate nocturnal prolactin surges. Nevertheless, our data suggest that matings which are not experimentally limited should provide ample stimulation to establish such surges. Although reduced plasma concentrations of prolactin and progesterone at pro-oestrus and reduced plasma progesterone through part of gestation may contribute to decreasing fertility in aged rats, other unidentified factors appear to be involved in mediating the capacity of extensive copulatory stimulation to induce pregnancy in these animals.

scholarly journals THE THE TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BINTANGUR LEAVES (CALOPHYLLUM SOULATTRI BURM. F) ON FEMALE WHITE RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
INARAH FAJRIATY ◽  
HAFRIZAL RIZA ◽  
FAJAR NUGRAHA ◽  
FRENGKI FRIANTO
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Teratogenic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skeletal Formation

Objectives: Drugs can cause undesired effects on the fetus during pregnancy, especially embryonic/organogenesis which could lead to defects in the fetus because some types of drugs can penetrate the placenta and will undergo biotransformation into a highly reactive compound that has the potential to become a teratogenic compound. The aim of this research was to examine the teratogenic effect of bintangur leaves (Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F) ethanol extract to Sprague Dawley strain white rats. Methods: The white rats are divided into four treatment groups: Control group was given carboxymethyl cellulose Na 1%, comparison group was given trimethoprim 360 mg/kg BW, C. soulattri leaves ethanol extract (CLE) 100 mg/kg BW, and CLE 500 mg/kg BW. The treatment was administrated since organogenesis period. Cesarian section was performed to pregnant rat at the 20th day to separate the fetuses. Observation covered body weight of pregnant rats, fetal biometric, morphological malformation, and skeletal formation. Results: CLE 100 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW did not cause any change in the number of a living fetus, body weight, and length of fetuses like the comparison group. Both doses of CLE shown have a normal skeletal formation. Resorption was found in the comparison group and CLE 100 mg/kg BW with the percentage was 65.21% and 6.67%. It was found that there is no significant difference (p<0.05) between both doses of CLE compared to control group. Conclusion: From the results, it is concluded that CLE did not have the teratogenic effect.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary copper deficiency on iron metabolism in the pregnant rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette S. Andersen ◽  
Lorraine Gambling ◽  
Grietje Holtrop ◽  
Harry J. McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Divalent Metal Transporter 1 ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Divalent Metal Transporter ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
P Type

Cu and Fe metabolism are known to be linked, but the interactions during pregnancy are less well studied. In the present study we used rats to examine the effect of Cu deficiency during pregnancy on Fe and Cu levels in maternal and fetal tissue and on the gene expression profile of proteins involved in Cu and Fe metabolism in the placenta. Rats were fed diets with different Cu contents before and during pregnancy. Samples were collected on day 21 of gestation. Cu levels, ceruloplasmin activity and serum Fe all decreased in maternal serum of Cu-deficient animals. Maternal liver Fe inversely correlated with liver Cu. Placental Cu levels decreased with no change in Fe. Fe and Cu levels both decreased in the fetal liver. The drop in maternal liver Cu was significantly correlated with a decrease in organ weight of fetal liver, lung and kidney. No changes were observed in mRNA expression of Cu transporter 1, Menkes P-type Cu-ATPase 7A, Wilson P-type Cu-ATPase 7B, cytochrome-c oxidase, and Cu chaperone Atox1 in the placenta of Cu-deficient dams. Transferrin receptor 1 and the Fe-responsive element (IRE)-regulated divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) were up regulated; while ferroportin and non-IRE1-regulated DMT1 levels did not change. These data show that Cu deficiency during pregnancy not only has a direct effect on Fe levels but also regulates the expression of Fe transporters. The pattern closely mirrors that seen in Fe deficiency, suggesting that the changes are a consequence of the decrease in serum Fe, implying that the developing fetus not only suffers from Cu, but also from Fe deficiency.

scholarly journals Inosine metabolism in the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Sharma ◽  
A R Fernando ◽  
J R Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Ribose Moiety

1. Uptake and subsequent metabolism of purine and ribose moieties was monitored after intravenous administration of doubly labelled inosine. 2. More than 95% was cleared from the plasma within 5 min, and 99% within 20 min. 3. Approx. 50% of the 160 mumol total was rapidly incorporated into liver and kidney. Kidney removed the greatest amount (21 mumol/g wet wt.), about 10-fold more than heart, lung or liver. Lung and heart accounted for only 3%. These tissues then lost radioactivity during the remainder of the experiment. Radioactivity in the skeletal muscle, in contrast, increased from 8% of the injected dose at 5 min to 40% at 60 min. 4. In liver, kidney, heart and lung there was a significant difference in the fate of inosine. After initial incorporation of inosine, kidney predominantly lost inosine; heart preferentially lost purines; lung preferentially lost ribose radioactivity; and in liver the ribose radioactivity was rapidly lost, whereas purine was retained. Some of the ribose moiety was metabolized to glucose, presumably in the liver, and then released into the blood. Ribose radioactivity (probably as glucose) and radioactive hypoxanthine accumulated in skeletal muscle throughout the experiment. 5. Inosine caused a rapid and prolonged increase in the blood glucose content, from 6 to 15 mM in 60 min. This was accompanied by a small increase in plasma insulin. 6. It is concluded that the purine and ribose radioactivity lost from the kidney, liver and other tissues becomes incorporated into skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals The Pre-Conception Maternal Exposure To Sofosbuvir Impacts The Mitochondrial Biogenesis In Prenatal Fetal Tissues: Experimental Study On Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara. A. Shaker ◽  
Maryam. M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Rana HM. Khafaga ◽  
Hala A. Hafez ◽  
Maher A. Kamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Global Public Health

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health problem and Egypt has the highest HCV prevalence worldwide. Hence, global efforts target to eliminate HCV by 2030. Sofosbuvir is a nucleotide analogue inhibitor of HCV polymerase essential for viral replication. Animal studies prove that Sofosbuvir metabolites cross the placenta and are excreted in the milk of nursing animals. We aimed to investigate the possible effects of preconception maternal exposure to Sofosbuvir on the mitochondrial biogenesis in prenatal fetal liver, skeletal muscle and placental tissues using female rats. The study was conducted on 20 female albino rats classified into 2 groups, control group including 10 healthy rats receiving placebo, and exposed group including 10 rats receiving 4 mg/kg of Sofosbuvir. At the end of the 3-month treatment period, pregnancy was induced in both groups by mating with healthy male rats overnight. At gestational day 17, all pregnant female rats were sacrificed. Each fetus was dissected to obtain the fetal liver, skeletal muscle and placental tissues. The results of our study indicated that the preconception exposure of young female rats to Sofosbuvir affects pregnancy outcomes, decreases fertility, and impacts mitochondrial biogenesis and functions in prenatal fetal liver, skeletal muscle and placental.

scholarly journals Effect of en bloc ovariohysterectomy on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and organ histopathology in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Ali Risvanli ◽  
Necati Timurkaan ◽  
Nevzat Saat ◽  
Halef Dogan ◽  
Ibrahim Seker
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Th2 Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of en bloc ovariohysterectomy on the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, as well as on visceral organ and brain histopathology in rats. A total of 28 Sprague Dawley female rats aged 3-4 months and weighing 200-250 grams were used in the study. Fourteen of them were pregnant. The 14 non-pregnant rats were divided into two groups: the control group (Group 1, n:7) and the ovariohysterectomized group (Group 2, n:7). All rats underwent en bloc ovariohysterectomy on gestational day 20-21. The 14 pregnant rats were divided into two groups: those with live infants were grouped as Group 3 and those with dead infants were grouped as Group 4. All the rats (n: 28) were decapitated at the end of one month, blood samples were obtained, and the organs were isolated. The Th1 [interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)] and Th2 [interleukin 4 (IL-4), and interleukin 10 (IL-10)] levels in the blood sera were measured by the ELISA method, and histopathological analysis was performed on the isolated tissues. The differences between the groups were found to be insignificant with regard to IL–2, IL–4, and TNFα levels (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was observed for IL-10 levels between Groups 3 and 4 (p<0.05), and the highest IL-10 level (150.32 ±71.64 pg/ml) was determined in Group 4. No important pathological findings were observed in the cardiac and brain tissues of any of the animals in the histopathological examination. Inflammatory changes were observed in the pulmonary and renal tissues of the rats in Groups 2, 3, and 4, where the changes were commonly interstitial pneumonia in Groups 2 and 4, and interstitial nephritis in Group 3. According to the findings of this study, en bloc and standard ovariohysterectomies performed in rats had similar effects on the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and the histopathology of the brain and visceral organs

scholarly journals Preclinical Trial of Traditional Plant Remedies for the Treatment of Complications of Gestational Malaria

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Peter Uchenna Amadi ◽  
Emmanuel Nnabugwu Agomuo ◽  
Chinyere Nneka Ukaga ◽  
Uche Chinedu Njoku ◽  
Joy Adaku Amadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Preclinical Trial ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Most pregnant women living in high malaria endemic regions of Nigeria use herbal remedies for the management of malaria-in-pregnancy, rather than the commonly prescribed drugs. Remedies common to this area involve a suspension of A. indica (AI) leaves and in some cases, a suspension containing a mixture of AI and D.edulis (PS). Aim: This study examined the therapeutic efficacies of AI, PS, or a combination of AI and PS in a pregnant rat model for exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Method: A predetermined sample size of 30 dams was used (for a power level and confidence interval of 95%), and divided equally into six groups made up of non-malarous dams, untreated malarous dams, and malarous dams either treated exclusively with 1 mL of 3000 mg/kg b.w AI, 1000 mg/kg b.w PS, AI + PS (50% v/v), or 25 mg/kg b.w CQ. Result: No maternal mortality was recorded. AI significantly improved maternal weight gain from 32.4 to 82.2 g and placental weight from 0.44 to 0.53 g. In the curative test, AI and AI + PS significantly reduced the average percentage parasitemia (APP) in the pregnant rats from >80% to <20%. No significant difference in the APP was found between the pregnant rats treated with any of CQ or AI during the suppressive test. Results for the prophylactic test of the study groups showed that the APP was significantly reduced from 24.69% to 3.90% when treated with AI and 3.67% when combined with PS. AI + PS reduced diastolic blood pressure from 89.0 to 81.0 mm/Hg and compared with that of the non malarous dams. AI or AI + PS significantly increased the platelet counts (103 µL) from 214.1 to 364.5 and 351.2, respectively. AI and AI + PS improved birth weight from 2.5 to 3.9 g and crown rump length from 2.6 to 4.1 cm. For biomarkers of preeclampsia, combining AI and PS led to the reversal of the altered levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin, soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1, and placental growth factor. Conclusions: This study validates the use of A. indica for the treatment of gestational malaria due to its antiplasmodial and related therapeutic effects and in combination with pear seeds for the management of malaria-in-pregnancy-induced preeclampsia.

Protection of the fetus in experimental potassium depletion

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin L. Stewart ◽  
Louis G. Welt
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Potassium Depletion ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Pregnant rats were provided with a potassium-deficient diet on the day of mating. One group was sacrificed at 12–13 days of gestation and another group at 21 days. A third group was depleted of potassium acutely by utilizing peritoneal dialysis with an isotonic NaHCO3 solution. In all groups maternal serum and muscle potassium were found to be significantly lower and maternal serum CO2 significantly higher in the experimental animals than in the controls. However no significant difference in total fetal potassium concentrations was found when experimental and control animals were compared. As late as 15–17 days of gestation the total fetal potassium concentrations were found to be nearly double those of maternal skeletal muscle, but on day 21 the total fetal and the maternal muscle values were roughly equivalent. The mean dry weight of the experimental 21-day fetuses was significantly lower than that of the control fetuses. The mechanism of fetal sparing in maternal potassium depletion cannot be determined from the present data.

Deficient synthesis of factor VII by liver tissue of fetal and newborn rats

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerold M. Grodsky ◽  
Mona Kropatkin ◽  
Judith G. Pool
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Liver Slices

The deficiency of circulating factor VII in the newborn human being was confirmed for the newborn rat and its etiology studied. The ability of liver slices from fetal, newborn and adult rats to synthesize factor VII in vitro was compared under standard conditions. Fetal tissue had about 1/20 and newborn tissue about 1/3 the capacity of adult tissue to form this factor. Although a deficiency of vitamin K has been considered the cause of the clotting factor deficiencies at birth, supplementation of the rat tissue, either with vitamin K added to the liver slices in vitro or vitamin K given to prepartum mother rats in vivo, resulted in only minor improvement of the synthetic rate. Extracts of fetal liver were studied for the presence of an inhibitor of factor VII synthesis and extracts of adult tissue for the presence of a stimulator, but neither could be detected. It was concluded that a functional immaturity of liver enzyme systems involved in synthesis of factor VII exists at birth.

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