Recent Developments In Administrative Law In The Netherlands and the European Union

Abstract Background Estimates of the economic burden of work injuries and diseases can help policymakers prioritize occupational health and safety policies and interventions in order to best allocate scarce resources. Several attempts have been made to estimate these economic burdens at the national level, but most have not included a comprehensive list of cost components, and none have attempted to implement a standard approach across several countries. The aim of our study is to develop a framework for estimating the economic burden of work injuries and diseases and implement it for selected European Union countries. Methods We develop an incidence cost framework using a bottom-up approach to estimate the societal burden of work injuries and diseases and implement it for five European Union countries. Three broad categories of costs are considered—direct healthcare, indirect productivity and intangible health-related quality of life costs. We begin with data on newly diagnosed work injuries and diseases from calendar year 2015. We consider lifetime costs for cases across all categories and incurred by all stakeholders. Sensitivity analysis is undertaken for key parameters. Results Indirect costs are the largest part of the economic burden, then direct costs and intangible costs. As a percentage of GDP, the highest overall costs are for Poland (10.4%), then Italy (6.7%), The Netherlands (3.6%), Germany (3.3%) and Finland (2.7%). The Netherlands has the highest per case costs (€75,342), then Italy (€58,411), Germany (€44,919), Finland (€43,069) and Poland (€38,918). Costs per working-age population are highest for Italy (€4956), then The Netherlands (€2930), Poland (€2793), Germany (€2527) and Finland (€2331). Conclusions Our framework serves as a template for estimating the economic burden of work injuries and diseases across countries in the European Union and elsewhere. Results can assist policymakers with identifying health and safety priority areas based on the magnitude of components, particularly when stratified by key characteristics such as industry, injury/disease, age and sex. Case costing can serve as an input into the economic evaluation of prevention initiatives. Comparisons across countries provide insights into the relevant performance of health and safety systems.

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Recent Developments in Social Policy in the New European Union

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979399404800102 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 5-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

John T. Addison ◽

W. Stanley Siebert

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Labor Market ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Adjustment Costs ◽

Labor Policy ◽

Market Regulation ◽

The European Union ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Labor Market Regulation ◽

Future Direction

This paper assesses the recent progress and future direction of labor policy in the European Community, now the European Union. The authors show that most of the mandates foreshadowed under the December 1989 Community Social Charter have now been enacted into law. They analyze the possible costs, as well as the benefits, of these firstphase mandates and show the link between these adjustment costs and the Community's policy of providing subsidies to its poorer member states. They also demonstrate how the new Treaty on European Union, agreed to at Maastricht in December 1991, has increased the scope for Community-level labor market regulation.

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Turkey and Europe: The Role of Migration

European Review ◽

10.1017/s1062798713000355 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 394-399

Author(s):

Pieter Emmer

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Political Parties ◽

The Netherlands ◽

The European Union ◽

Full Member ◽

Turkish Immigrants ◽

Eu Member States ◽

The Difference ◽

The Eu

In spite of the fact that negotiations have been going on for years, the chances that Turkey will eventually become a full member of the European Union are slim. At present, a political majority among the EU-member states headed by Germany seems to oppose Turkey entering the EU. In the Netherlands, however, most political parties are still in favour of Turkey's membership. That difference coincides with the difference in the position of Turkish immigrants in German and Dutch societies.

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Slowakische Republik (Slovak Republic) v. Achmea BV (C.J.E.U.)

International Legal Materials ◽

10.1017/ilm.2019.39 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 1101-1113

Author(s):

Jawad Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

European Union ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Bilateral Investment Treaties ◽

Eu Law ◽

The European Union ◽

Important Decision ◽

Court Of Justice ◽

Energy Charter Treaty

On March 6, 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) found in Slowakische Republik (Slovak Republic) v. Achmea B.V. that the arbitration agreement contained in the 1991 Agreement on Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (BIT) had an adverse effect on the autonomy of EU law and, thus, was incompatible with EU law. This important decision has ignited a debate on the compatibility of other arbitration agreements in both intra-EU bilateral investment treaties (intra-EU BITs) and in the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) with EU law.

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Gambling Regulation in the European Union: Recent Developments

In the Shadow of Luxembourg: EU and National Developments in the Regulation of Gambling ◽

10.1163/9789004215825_004 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 15-74

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

The European Union ◽

Gambling Regulation ◽

Recent Developments

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The de-institutionalisation of power beyond the state

European Journal of International Relations ◽

10.1177/13540661211053683 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135406612110536

Author(s):

Jonathan White

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Historical Context ◽

The State ◽

The European Union ◽

Transnational Governance ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Political Structures

The making of modern authority centred on efforts to formalise and de-personalise power, and transnational orders such as the European Union have often been viewed as an extension of that project. As this article argues, recent developments tell a different story. More than a decade of crisis politics has seen institutions subordinated to and reshaped by individuals and the networks they form. Locating these tendencies in a wider historical context, the article argues that greater attention to informality in transnational governance needs to be paired with greater recognition of the normative questions it raises. Just as a separation between rulers and the offices of rule was central to the making of modern legal and political structures, the weakening of that separation creates legitimacy problems for contemporary authorities both national and supranational. Rather than acclaimed as flexible problem-solving, the step back from institutions should be viewed as a challenge to accountable rule.

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The problematic scope of extended confiscation in comparative perspective

Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego ◽

10.19195/2084-5065.52.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 119-133

Author(s):

Ariadna H. Ochnio

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Criminal Law ◽

European Parliament ◽

Comparative Perspective ◽

Eu Law ◽

The European Union ◽

England And Wales ◽

Normative Framework ◽

Proceeds Of Crime

The scope of extended confiscation is determined, inter alia, by the choice of triggering offences in Directive 2014/42/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime in the European Union. The question arises whether EU law guarantees appropriate limits of extended confiscation considering its specificity and the growing range of application in national legal orders. The study compared the normative framework of extended confiscation adopted in the criminal law of Poland, Romania, Germany, Austria, France, Spain, Finland, the Netherlands, and England and Wales. The list of offences, relevant for the scope of extended confiscation, is to be assessed by the Commission by 4 October 2019. The conclusions of the study concern the need to introduce, at the level of EU law, adequate safeguards against the disproportionate application of extended confiscation.

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E-Enforcement in Digital Government

Electronic Government ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-947-2.ch100 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1354-1363

Author(s):

Hans de Bruijn ◽

Marieke Koopmans-van Berlo

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Private Sector ◽

Significant Rise ◽

The European Union ◽

Digital Government ◽

Special Position ◽

The Road ◽

Weigh In Motion ◽

Heavy Goods Vehicles

In recent years, there has been a significant rise in “e-enforcement.” E-enforcement is the use of electronic tools in law enforcement. In this article, we consider two new forms of e-enforcement which have recently been introduced in Europe. These are Weigh in Motion with Video (WIM-Vid) and the digital tachograph. WIM-Vid is a system involving sensors in the road and cameras in order to register overloading of heavy goods vehicles. WIM-Vid was developed and implemented in the Netherlands and is currently attracting international attention. The digital tachograph replaces the analogue tachograph in all heavy goods vehicles within the European Union. The machine registers drivers’ driving and rest times. In this article, we focus on the special position of the clients of e-enforcement, the regulatees. Although e-enforcement is a form of e-government or digital government, the position of the client is quite distinct. Many definitions describe e-government in terms of service delivery (Chen, 2002; Devadoss, Pan, & Huang, 2002; Finger & Pécaud, 2003; Hiller & Belanger, 2001; Ho, 2002; Moon, 2002). These descriptions feature the concept of customer focus (Devadoss et al., 2002; Finger & Pécaud, 2003; Ho, 2002). The purpose of e-government should be to satisfy these customers, whether they are ordinary citizens or parties in private sector (Finger & Pécaud, 2003). The clients of enforcement, however, are offenders or potential offenders. These clients are characterized by the fact that they do not want the service and generally exhibit uncooperative behaviour (Alford, 2002). They may, for example, actively evade the “service” of enforcement, or commit information fraud (Hawkins, 1984). In this article we will see what the distinct position of the clients of enforcement means for the effects of e-enforcement.

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Comparison of Reliability in Seventeen European Countries Using the Quasi-Simplex Model

Measurement Error in Longitudinal Data ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198859987.003.0016 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 383-404

Author(s):

Johana Chylíková

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Reliability Estimation ◽

European Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

European Regions ◽

Financial Situation ◽

Reliability Estimates ◽

Simplex Model

The aim of this chapter is to illustrate the application of the quasi-simplex model (QSM) for reliability estimation in longitudinal data and to employ it to obtain information about the reliability of the European Union—Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data collected between 2012 and 2017. Reliability of two survey questions is analysed: one which asks respondents about the financial situation in their households, and one which requests information about respondents’ health. Employing the QSM on the two items resulted in 80 reliability estimates from 17 and 11 European countries, respectively. Results revealed statistically significant differences in reliability between post-communist Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries and the rest of Europe, and similar patterns of the size of reliability estimates were observed for both items. The highest reliability (i.e. reliability over 0.8) was observed in CEE countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, Czechia, Poland, and Hungary. The lowest reliability (i.e. reliability lower than 0.7) was observed for data from Sweden, Slovenia, Norway, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Italy, and the Netherlands. The remarkable variation in longitudinal reliability across culturally and historically different European regions is discussed both from substantive and methodological perspectives.

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