scholarly journals Migrainous Infarction with Adjacent Cortical Enhancement

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
In-Ho Yoon ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yun ◽  
Young-Mok Song
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Left Hemiparesis ◽  
Diffusion Restriction ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Restricted Region ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
The Right

A 26-year old woman developed left homonymous superior quadrantanopia followed by severe pulsating headache with vomiting. Thereafter, she experienced recurrent left hemiparesis and paresthesia with or without headache. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed diffusion restriction in the territory of the right posterior cerebral artery and contrast enhancement in the right lingual gyrus adjacent to the diffusion-restricted region. This case suggests an occurrence of cerebral infarction and blood-brain barrier disruption associated with migraine with aura.

Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential Recording in a Case of Kernohan's Notch Syndrome: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin K. Binder ◽  
Russ Lyon ◽  
Geoffrey T. Manley
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Left Hemiparesis ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tentorial Incisura ◽  
Potential Waveform

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Compression of the cerebral peduncle against the tentorial incisura contralateral to a supratentorial mass lesion, the so-called Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon, can be an important cause of false localizing motor signs. Here, we demonstrate a case in which clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological findings were used together to define this syndrome. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 21-year-old man sustained a left temporal depressed cranial fracture from a motor vehicle accident. Serial computed tomographic examinations demonstrated no evolution of hematomas or contusions, and he was managed nonsurgically with ventriculostomy for intracranial pressure control. Throughout his course in the neurosurgical intensive care unit, he displayed persistent left hemiparesis. INTERVENTION Further radiological and electrophysiological studies were undertaken in an attempt to explain his left hemiparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated T2 prolongation in the central portion of the right cerebral peduncle extending to the right internal capsule. Electrophysiological studies using transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials revealed both a marked increase in voltage threshold, as well as a reduction in the complexity of the motor evoked potential waveform on the hemiparetic left side. This contrasted to significantly lower voltage threshold as well as a highly complex motor evoked potential waveform recorded on the relatively intact contralateral side. CONCLUSION This is the first time that clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological findings have been correlated in a case of Kernohan's notch syndrome. Compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the tentorial incisura can lead to damage and ipsilateral hemiparesis. The anatomic extent of the lesion can be defined by magnetic resonance imaging and the physiological extent by electrophysiological techniques.

Arteriovenous Malformation in Meningothelial Meningioma: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Sawamura ◽  
Robert C. Janzer ◽  
Heinz Fankhauser ◽  
Nicolas de Tribolet
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Left Hemiparesis ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Unusual Association ◽  
Signal Void ◽  
Vascular Component

Abstract An unusual association of a meningioma and an arteriovenous malformation is reported. A 68-year-old man developed left homonymous hemianopsia. left hemiparesis. and gaze palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a right occipital mass lesion containing multiple signal-void areas with tubular and honeycomb appearance, suggesting a marked vascular component. An angiogram showed abnormal vasculature in the mass supplied by the posterior cerebral artery and a dural arteriovenous malformation on the tentorium. Neuropathological examination after total removal of the mass revealed a meningothelial meningioma including major portions of an arteriovenous malformation that extended from the dura and leptomeninges. through the meningioma, and into the occipital lobe, where the tumor was located. (Neurosurgery 29:109-113, 1991)

Alterations in serum MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-12p40 and IL-23 in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-β1b

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Alexander ◽  
MK Harris ◽  
SR Wells ◽  
G. Mills ◽  
K. Chalamidas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
First Year ◽  
Serial Measurement ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Th17 Cytokines ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: Interferon-β1b (IFN-β1b), an effective treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), lessens disease severity in MS patients. However, the mechanisms of its immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in MS remain only partially understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are involved in blood brain barrier disruption and formation of MS lesions. Th1/Th17 cytokines e.g. interleukins IL-12p40, IL-17, and IL-23, are associated with MS disease activity and are significant players in pathogenesis of MS. Objective: During a 1-year prospective study, we serially measured serum MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, IL-12p40, IL-17, and IL-23 in 24 patients with relapsing—remitting MS. We compared the results to clinical course and to brain magnetic resonance imaging. IFN-β1b decreased serum MMP-8 and MMP-9 (not TIMP-1). Results: The sustained treatment with IFN-β1b attenuated the pro-inflammatory environment by significantly reducing the serum IL-12p40, IL-23, and showed a trend for decreasing IL-17. Decreased serum MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-12 and IL-23 levels were correlated with a decrease in the number of contrast-enhanced T2-weighted lesions. Conclusion: Early treatment of MS with IFN-β1b may stabilize clinical disease by attenuating levels of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs. Serial measurement of inflammatory mediators may serve as sensitive markers to gauge therapeutic responses to IFN-β1b during the first year of treatment.

scholarly journals Case Report: Thalamomesencephalic stroke in a patient with HIV

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Jerry George ◽  
Sibi Joseph ◽  
Mongezi Tau ◽  
Lourdes de Fatima Ibanez Valdes ◽  
Thozama Dubula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Thalamic Lesion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Babinski Sign ◽  
Ischemic Infarct ◽  
The Right

We present a 41-year-old HIV-positive female patient complaining of complete right palpebral ptosis, diplopia, and inability to balance herself. On examination, the right eye was able to move laterally and downwards. The motor exam showed left hemiparesis (4/5) on upper and lower limbs, bilateral Babinski sign with left hemiataxia without the sensory disorder. CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging angiography demonstrated an ischemic infarct on the right paramedian branch of the posterior cerebral artery territory.  This patient did not present clinical manifestations of the thalamic lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a young patient presenting a unilateral thalamomesencephalic ischemic stroke secondary to HIV vasculitis with bilateral Babinski signs and without thalamic signs in the medical literature.

scholarly journals Hydrocephalus after Intraventricular Hemorrhage: The Role of Thrombin

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Fuyi Liu ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Ya Hua ◽  
Richard F Keep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Intraventricular Injection ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Blood Injection ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
The Right

Previous studies demonstrated that thrombin is an important factor in brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. This study investigated the effect of thrombin on hydrocephalus development in a rat intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) model. There were three parts in this study. First, male Sprague–Dawley rats had an injection of 200  μL saline, autologous blood or heparinized blood, into the right lateral ventricle. Second, rats had an injection of 50  μL saline or 3U thrombin into the right lateral ventricle. Third, rats had an injection of thrombin (3U) with a protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) antagonist, SCH79797 (0.15 nmol), or vehicle into the right lateral ventricle. Lateral ventricle volumes were measured by magnetic resonance imaging and the brains were used for immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. Intraventricular injection of autologous blood induced hydrocephalus from day 1 to 28. Heparinized blood injection resulted in less hydrocephalus at all time points compared with blood injection alone ( P<0.05). Intraventricular injection of thrombin caused significant hydrocephalus, ventricular wall damage, and periventricular blood–brain barrier disruption. Thrombin-induced hydrocephalus was reduced by co-injection of the PAR-1 antagonist SCH79797 ( P<0.05). In conclusion, thrombin contributes to hydrocephalus development after IVH and thrombin-induced hydrocephalus is through PAR-1.

scholarly journals COVID-19 related leukoencephalopathy with bilateral reticular formation involvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210054
Author(s):  
Islam Ahmed Hassan Ahmed ◽  
loai Aker ◽  
Mamdouh Sharafeldin ◽  
Ahmed Own ◽  
Mohamed Abdelhady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Restriction

We are presenting the imaging findings of COVID-19-related leukoencephalopathy associated with bilateral reticular formation diffusion restriction in brain magnetic resonance imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bilateral reticular formation affection in a COVID-19 patient.

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