Evaluation of reproduction performance and calf sex ratio of dairy cattle in selected locations of South-East Oromia

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 60-70

Author(s):

S. V. Anistenok ◽

◽

O. V. Tulinova ◽

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Data Set ◽

The Third ◽

Gynecological Diseases

In order to increase the number of replacement young animals and the terms of productive use, the dynamics of reproductive qualities of the first calving cows in the period from 2009 to 2016 and those who survived to the 5th calving (n=36 164) was analyzed. The data set is divided into groups of cows of different age of culling: Clvn – the group leaving after the n-th calving, Lclv – the group by the last calving with reasons for their culling: LP – low productivity, G&I – gynecological diseases and infertility, U – udder diseases, L – limb diseases. The following calving results in proportions were taken into account: Ab – abortions, Sb – stillborns, B – bulls, H – heifers, Mo – multiple offspring. It was revealed that the smallest proportion of cull animals at the first calving (9,2%), and the largest – at the third (27,1%) with a tendency to increase after Clv2 and Clv3 calving by 6,2 and 7,3% and, conversely, decrease at the age of 5th calving by 11.2%. It was found that the share of Ab in the studied sample in cows Clv1 is lower (from 0,10 to 0,60%) than Lclv (from 0,30 to 0,60%), and on Sb, on the contrary, indicators are higher for Clv1 (from 4,47 to 5,10%). There is a tendency for the sex ratio to shift towards B: their share in the offspring by Clv1 ranges from 48,3% in 2010 to 51,4% in 2016, and H from 45,2% in 2014 to 47,3% in 2010. The greatest losses in the breeding of dairy cattle are caused by culling for G&I cows, the share of which has decreased in recent years from 42.9% in 2009 to 32.0% in 2016 in Lclv and from 58,8 to 45,7%, respectively, by Clv1, and the share of analogues for Clv2 and Clv3 calving is significantly lower (40,5 and 36,2%, respectively). In this group of cull animals Clv2 and Clv3, the Ab is the second in value (on average, 0.54 with fluctuations from 0,51 to 0,65%, respectively). For active and effective reproduction of the herd, it is necessary to keep the maximum amount of heifers from Clv1 for introduction into the herd and to reduce losses from G&I.

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An Observational Analysis of Twin Births, Calf Sex Ratio, and Calf Mortality in Holstein Dairy Cattle

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(07)71614-4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 1255-1264 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

N. Silva Del Río ◽

S. Stewart ◽

P. Rapnicki ◽

Y.M. Chang ◽

P.M. Fricke

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Observational Analysis ◽

Calf Mortality

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Exploring the 5'-Regions of Estrogen Receptor-α Gene and Association With Reproduction Performance and Milk Yield in Hanwoo and Holstein Dairy Cattle

Reproductive & Developmental Biology ◽

10.12749/rdb.2014.38.3.123 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 123-127

Author(s):

Gyu-Tae Yeom ◽

◽

Hyang-A Jeon ◽

Hae-Geum Park ◽

Young Sin Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Estrogen Receptor Α ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Reproduction Performance ◽

Estrogen Receptor Α Gene

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Variation in sex ratio between progeny groups in dairy cattle

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf00281644 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 63-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Reuven Bar-Anan ◽

Alan Robertson

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Dairy Cattle

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50 Sex ratio at birth in dairy cattle is affected by the invitro embryo production process

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv33n2ab50 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

H. W. Vivanco-Mackie ◽

R. Díaz ◽

M. D. Ponce-Salazar ◽

E. Alayo ◽

G. Bustamante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Production Process ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Sex Ratio At Birth ◽

Embryo Production ◽

Rich Media ◽

Sexed Semen ◽

The Media ◽

Predominantly Female

Data from a herd of 3,000 high-producing milking dairy cows under an intensive feeding system was analysed. The IVF laboratory at the farm uses a co-culture system (Vivanco-Mackie; page 30-48 in Proc. 2000 Australian Embryo Transfer Society) and transfers ∼1000 embryos per year. The semen used for IVF and for inseminations (AI) in the herd was female-sexed (F-sexed) and non-sexed (conventional). During the 4 years of evaluation (2016–2019) 1123 calves were born to AI with F-sexed semen and 6,456 to AI with conventional semen; the proportion of males born to AI with F-sexed semen was 9% (91% females), which was not different (P>0.05) from the expected ratio of 10% males and 90% females. The proportion of male calves born to AI with conventional semen was 53.2% (46.8% females), which agrees with the expected ratios for the population. During the same period of evaluation, 805 calves were born to IVF embryos transferred; 240 calves were born from embryos produced using F-sexed semen, of which 29.6% were males and 70.4% females, which was different (P<0.05) from the expected ratio of 10% males and 90% females. The proportion of male calves born from embryo transfer of IVF embryos produced with conventional semen was 82.7%, higher (P<0.05) than the expected 53.2% of males for the population; the proportion of females was 17.3%, significantly lower (P<0.05) than the expected 46.8% females for the population. For IVF, the proportion of males was significantly higher (P<0.05) than expected in all cases; for AI, there was no difference (P>0.05) between the observed sex proportion and the expected values. We conclude that the invitro embryo production process affects the sex ratio at birth in this population, and some factor in the IVF process is affecting the survival to calving of female embryos and consequently increasing the proportion of male calves born from invitro-produced embryos. Gutierrez et al. (2001 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 13, 361–365) found a similar effect in dairy cattle and linked it to glucose imbalance in the media. Larson et al. (2001 PNAS 98, 9677-9682) found that female cattle embryos had a lower ability to progress in development in glucose-rich media, but the mechanism is not yet fully understood. Xu et al. (1992Mol. Reprod. Dev. 31, 249-252) and others indicate that invitro-produced male bovine embryos predominate among blastocysts, expanded and hatched stages. Meanwhile, embryos lagging in development are predominantly female. Kun Tan et al. (2016 Reproduction 151, 443-543) found that IVF in mice favours the birth of males because of dysregulated expression of representative dimorphic genes. Further studies in cattle are necessary to determine the cause of the increased proportion of males born from invitro embryos and to find ways to control it.

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155 Fertility of sexed semen in Holstein heifers and cows

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv32n2ab155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

M. Yamaguchi ◽

M. Takayama ◽

T. Nishisouzu ◽

H. López ◽

O. Dochi

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Female Offspring ◽

The Novel ◽

Chi Square ◽

Frozen Semen ◽

Conception Rates ◽

Sexed Semen ◽

Parity Number ◽

Chi Square Test

Compared with conventional semen, use of sexed semen decreases the conception rate (CR); therefore, it is important to address the factors that lead to sperm damage. Recently, a novel sexed semen technology was developed for improving dairy cattle fertility (Betthauser et al. 2016 J. Dairy Sci. 99 (E-Suppl. 1), 534). However, there are few reports about the fertility of this novel sexed semen in dairy cattle in Japan. The objective of this study was to compare the CR of traditional sorting semen (S1: flow cytometry/cell sorting) and the novel sexed semen (S2: SexcelTM, ABS Global Inc.) in Holstein heifers and cows in Japan. The CR for the first insemination was obtained from 391 Holstein cows and 148 heifers (10.7-17.8 months old) from 14 dairy farms in Hokkaido from June 2017 to April 2019. Semen used for AI was collected from six bulls and packaged into 0.25-mL straws and frozen. Cows inseminated with conventional frozen semen (S3: unsexed semen in 0.5-mL straws) were used as controls. Calving data were collected from 123 cows and 69 heifers that had calved between January 2018 and May 2019. The diagnosis of pregnancy was confirmed using ultrasonography between 30 and 45 days after insemination. The CR and sex ratio were analysed using chi-square test. The average parity number was 1.9±1.1, and average days open was 84.9±20.4 days. The average interval between calving and the first service was 86.2±20.3 days. The average milk yield (at 305 days) was 12 195±1595 kg. All of the animals were inseminated after the onset of standing heat or removal of the tail chalk of natural heats and oestrus and ovulation synchronisation programmes on the farm. Conception rates of heifers of the first service of S1 (n=54) and S2 (n=94) were 68.5 and 70.2%, respectively. Conception rates of cows of the first service of S1 (n=32), S2 (n=173), and S3 (n=186) were 56.3, 57.8, and 53.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences in CR between these groups (P>0.4). The proportion of female calves produced using S1 (n=61) and S2 (n=57) was 91.8 and 93.0%, respectively, which was significantly more (P<0.01) compared with the 50.0% produced using S3 (n=74). There were no significant differences between S1 and S2 (P>0.8) in terms of the proportion of calves produced. The results of this study demonstrated that the traditional sorting and novel sexed semen (S1 and S2, respectively) did not differ in terms of the first-service CR and produced considerably more female calves than when the conventional semen (S3) was used. Furthermore, these findings indicate that the use of this novel sexed semen could achieve a sex ratio close to 90% female offspring.

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