Reproductive qualities of the Ayrshire cows depending on the different reasons for culling

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
S. V. Anistenok ◽  
◽  
O. V. Tulinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gynecological Diseases

In order to increase the number of replacement young animals and the terms of productive use, the dynamics of reproductive qualities of the first calving cows in the period from 2009 to 2016 and those who survived to the 5th calving (n=36 164) was analyzed. The data set is divided into groups of cows of different age of culling: Clvn – the group leaving after the n-th calving, Lclv – the group by the last calving with reasons for their culling: LP – low productivity, G&I – gynecological diseases and infertility, U – udder diseases, L – limb diseases. The following calving results in proportions were taken into account: Ab – abortions, Sb – stillborns, B – bulls, H – heifers, Mo – multiple offspring. It was revealed that the smallest proportion of cull animals at the first calving (9,2%), and the largest – at the third (27,1%) with a tendency to increase after Clv2 and Clv3 calving by 6,2 and 7,3% and, conversely, decrease at the age of 5th calving by 11.2%. It was found that the share of Ab in the studied sample in cows Clv1 is lower (from 0,10 to 0,60%) than Lclv (from 0,30 to 0,60%), and on Sb, on the contrary, indicators are higher for Clv1 (from 4,47 to 5,10%). There is a tendency for the sex ratio to shift towards B: their share in the offspring by Clv1 ranges from 48,3% in 2010 to 51,4% in 2016, and H from 45,2% in 2014 to 47,3% in 2010. The greatest losses in the breeding of dairy cattle are caused by culling for G&I cows, the share of which has decreased in recent years from 42.9% in 2009 to 32.0% in 2016 in Lclv and from 58,8 to 45,7%, respectively, by Clv1, and the share of analogues for Clv2 and Clv3 calving is significantly lower (40,5 and 36,2%, respectively). In this group of cull animals Clv2 and Clv3, the Ab is the second in value (on average, 0.54 with fluctuations from 0,51 to 0,65%, respectively). For active and effective reproduction of the herd, it is necessary to keep the maximum amount of heifers from Clv1 for introduction into the herd and to reduce losses from G&I.

COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS IN SERF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE»

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holyosa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Selection Of

The main goal of dairy breeds selection should be improving breeding and productive qualities of animals under modern conditions. The majority of farms, using native breeds to produce milk, has created optimal conditions for keeping and feeding, selection and matching, growing of replacements etc. Further improvement of created native dairy breeds for economically useful traits occurs at total use of purebred Holstein bulls (semen) of foreign selection. In order to realistically assess milk productivity (milk yield, fat content in milk and fat yield) of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cows should be conducted a comparative analysis of Holstein cows under the same conditions of feeding and keeping. It was established that Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows were characterized by the highest milk yields for 305 days of all lactations, taken into account, the among three investigated breeds. Their milk yield during the first lactation was 5933 kg of milk, during the second – 6393 kg, the third – 6391 kg and during higher lactation – 6650 kg. Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows were second by milk yield (except for the second lactation), during the first lactation – 5932 kg of milk, the third – 6462 kg and higher – 6541 kg, and Holstein cows were third, during the first lactation – 5794 kg of milk, the second – 6381 kg, the third – 6335 kg and higher – 6469 kg. The fat content was almost the same and varied within 3.49-3.58% in milk of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, 3.50-3.60% in milk of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and 3.50-3.56% in Holsteins’ milk. The difference between the breeds was within 0.01-0.04%. All the investigated breeds had predominance in fat yield for three lactations over standards of these breeds: Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows from 75.1 to 93.4 kg, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows – 75.1-89.0 kg respectively and Holstein cows – 41.9-60.2 kg. It was found different level of positive correlation between milk yield and fat yield in all the cases and high correlation (r = 0.604-0.921, P < 0.001) in five cases (41.7%) Negative correlation coefficients indicate that selection of animals to higher milk yield in the herd will decrease the second trait – fat content in milk. Positive and highly significant correlation between milk yield and fat yield indicates that selection of cows in the herd to higher milk yields will increase fat yield. It was revealed that bulls were among the factors impacted the milk productivity (milk yield, fat content, fat yield) of three investigated breeds. So, the force (η²x) of father’s impact on milk yield was15.4-47.9%, fat content – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7% taking into account a lactation and a breed. The force of lines impact (η²x) was second; it was on milk yield 6.1-24.5%, fat content – 4.1-17.1 and fat yield – 5.8-23.5%. The force of breeds impact (η²x) was last; it was on milk yield 0.3-2.9%, fat content – 0.2-0.3% and fat yield – 0.6-2.7%. So, the comparative studies of milk productivity of Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White Dairy cattle with Holsteins indicate that under similar conditions of feeding and keeping, these native breeds can compete with Holstein cattle. The milk yield for 305 days of higher lactation was 6650 kg of milk in Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows, 6541 kg in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows and 6469 kg in Holsteins. It was found the inverse correlation r = -0.025-0.316 between milk yield and fat content in milk in most cases. Selection and matching of animals in the herd should be carried out simultaneously on these traits. It was found positive repeatability of milk yields between the first and second, the third and higher lactations (rs = 0.036-0.741), indicating the reliability of forecasting increase in milk productivity during the next lactations in all herd. Bulls have the greatest impact (η²x) on milk productivity among the factors taken into account: milk yield – 15.4-47.9%, fat content in milk – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7%.

scholarly journals Animal Model Versus Polynomial Legendre Test-Day In Dairy Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Mircea Cătălin Rotar ◽  
Horia Grosu ◽  
Mihail Alexandru Gras ◽  
Rodica Ştefania Pelmuş ◽  
Cristina Lazăr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Model Versus

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the classical animal model (based on total milk for 305 days) with the Test-Day model (using monthly records of milk yield from Official Records of Performances). The data set derived from a total 175 animals (cows with records, parents of these animals and the descendants) from two Romanian breeds (Romanian Black Spotted and Montbeliarde), the phenotypic and the pedigree information arisen from National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA-Balotesti). The selection criteria to be included in the analysis for each cow was to have at least 3 test-days and the days in milk between 200 and 330 for the Test-Day model and the total amount of the 305- day lactation yield for classical Animal Model respectively. Both models use B.L.U.P methodology and for that reason all the estimates were adjusted for fixed effects and all the breeding values and the solution for fixed effects were estimated simultaneous. For the animal model the fixed effects used was the breed and the year of performing and for the Test-Day model was an extra one, the test day effect. The correlation calculated between test days was very high (over 90%) for consecutive tests, and was getting lower when the days between tests was higher (under 40%). Also, in terms of heritability the values were in normal limits throughout lactation, except at the beginning and end of lactation period where these values were a little bit higher. The comparison of the ranking of breeding values with Spearman rank correlation shows that in 80% of the cases the ranking was similar for both models. As the ranking correlations shows, it is certain that the two models are very similar when they are used for genetic evaluation. But, in conclusion, we can say that for a better lactation curve estimation it is recommending to use test-day model for dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Biologi Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) di rumah kasa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Dosma Ulina Simbolon ◽  
Maryani Cyccu Tobing ◽  
Darma Bakti
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
North Sumatra

<p><em>Stenocranus pacificus </em>Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is destructive pest on corn plants in South Lampung and it has been reported to cause corn damages in North Sumatra. The  objective of this research was to study some aspects biology of <em>S. pacificus</em> on corn plants in screenhouse. The research was conducted by observing the biology of <em>S. pacificus</em> that was reared on corn plants in screenhouse.<em> </em>The results showed that life cycle of <em>S. pacificus </em>was 38–47 (41,60 ± 3,19) days: egg was 9–11 (10,20 ± 0,79) days, the first instar nymph was 3–4 (3,70 ± 0,48) days, the second instar nymph was 3–4 (3,90 ± 0,32) days, the third instar nymph was 3–4 (3,70 ± 0,48) days, the fourth instar nymph was 3–4 (3,80 ± 0,42) days, and the fifth instar nymph was 3–4 (3,60 ± 0,52) days. Age of female was 13–17 (15,30 ± 1,34) days. It was longer than age of male which was 8–12 (10,10 ± 1,20) days. Female could produce 181–214 (197,60 ± 11,64) eggs during its life. The sex ratio was 1:1,98.</p>

scholarly journals Prediction of Progestin Affinity for the Human Progesterone Receptor Based on Corrected RBA Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. e00080
Author(s):  
A.V. Mikurova ◽  
V.S. Skvortsov
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Relative Binding ◽  
Human Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Progesterone Receptor

The modeling of complexes of 3 sets of steroid and nonsteroidal progestins with the ligand-binding domain of the nuclear progesterone receptor was performed. Molecular docking procedure, long-term simulation of molecular dynamics and subsequent analysis by MM-PBSA (MM-GBSA) were used to model the complexes. Using the characteristics obtained by the MM-PBSA method two data sets of steroid compounds obtained in different scientific groups a prediction equation for the value of relative binding activity (RBA) was constructed. The RBA value was adjusted so that in all samples the actual activity was compared with the progesterone activity. The third data set of nonsteroidal compounds was used as a test. The resulted equation showed that the prediction results could be applied to both steroid molecules and nonsteroidal progestins.

scholarly journals Establishing local diagnostic reference levels for common orthopaedic procedures using the mini C-arm fluoroscope

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1117) ◽  
pp. 20190878
Author(s):  
Anna Kropelnicki ◽  
Rosemary Eaton ◽  
Alexandra Adamczyk ◽  
Jacqueline Waterman ◽  
Pegah Mohaghegh
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
The Third ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Area Product

Objective: Mini C-arm fluoroscopes are widely used by orthopaedic surgeons for intraoperative image guidance without the need for radiographers. This puts the responsibility for radiation exposure firmly with the operating surgeon. In order to maintain safe and best practice under U.K. Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations, one must limit radiation exposure and audit performance using national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). In the case of the mini C-arm, there are no national DRLs. IR(ME)R, therefore, require the establishment of local DRLs by each hospital to act as an alternative guideline for safe radiation use. The aim of our audit was to establish local DRLs based on our experience operating with the use of the mini C-arm over the last 7 years. Methods: This retrospective audit evaluates the end dose–area product (DAP) recorded for common trauma and orthopaedic procedures using the mini C-arm in a busy district general hospital. We present the quartile data and have set the cut-off point as the third quartile for formulating the local DRLs, consistent with the methodology for the conventional fluoroscope. Results: For our data set (n = 1664), the third quartile DAP values were lowest for surgeries to the forearm (5.38 cGycm2), hand (7.62 cGycm2), and foot/ankle (8.56 cGycm2), and highest for wrist (10.64 cGycm2) and elbow (14.61 cGycm2) procedures. Advances in knowledge: To our knowledge, this is the largest data set used to establish local DRLs. Other centres may find our guidelines useful whilst they establish their own local DRLs.

Autoregressive repeatability model for genetic evaluation of longitudinal reproductive traits in dairy cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo T. Silva ◽  
Paulo S. Lopes ◽  
Claudio N. Costa ◽  
Fabyano F. Silva ◽  
Delvan A. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Ar Model ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

AbstractWe investigated the efficiency of the autoregressive repeatability model (AR) for genetic evaluation of longitudinal reproductive traits in Portuguese Holstein cattle and compared the results with those from the conventional repeatability model (REP). The data set comprised records taken during the first four calving orders, corresponding to a total of 416, 766, 872 and 766 thousand records for interval between calving to first service, days open, calving interval and daughter pregnancy rate, respectively. Both models included fixed (month and age classes associated to each calving order) and random (herd-year-season, animal and permanent environmental) effects. For AR model, a first-order autoregressive (co)variance structure was fitted for the herd-year-season and permanent environmental effects. The AR outperformed the REP model, with lower Akaike Information Criteria, lower Mean Square Error and Akaike Weights close to unity. Rank correlations between estimated breeding values (EBV) with AR and REP models ranged from 0.95 to 0.97 for all studied reproductive traits, when the total bulls were considered. When considering only the top-100 selected bulls, the rank correlation ranged from 0.72 to 0.88. These results indicate that the re-ranking observed at the top level will provide more opportunities for selecting the best bulls. The EBV reliabilities provided by AR model was larger for all traits, but the magnitudes of the annual genetic progress were similar between two models. Overall, the proposed AR model was suitable for genetic evaluations of longitudinal reproductive traits in dairy cattle, outperforming the REP model.

REFINEMENT OF THE ${\rm{Si}}(111) \mbox{-} (\surd{3} \times \surd{3}){\rm{R30}}^\circ - {\rm{Ag}}$ STRUCTURE BY LOW-ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION

1995 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. OVER ◽  
S.Y. TONG ◽  
J. QUINN ◽  
F. JONA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Bond Length ◽  
Debye Temperature ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Low Energy Electron Diffraction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Energy Electron

We have reinvestigated the bond geometry of the [Formula: see text] surface by means of low-energy electron diffraction using a much larger experimental data set than that previously used. The [Formula: see text] surface consists of a [Formula: see text] lattice of Ag atoms which replaces the topmost Si atoms, and forces the remaining Si atoms to form trimers. The Ag-Ag bond length turned out to be 3.47±0.12 Å. The Ag atoms are laterally displaced from the bulk positions of the Si atoms which they have replaced by 0.53 Å resulting in a Ag-Si bond length of 2.36±0.17 Å. The missing top Si layer and the formation of Si trimers lead to strong distortions in deeper Si layers, most notably a buckling in the third and fourth Si layer with a magnitude of about 0.35 Å and 0.2 Å, respectively. Applying the concept of ‘split positions’, the low Debye temperature of Ag has been interpreted as being caused by strong in-plane (either static or dynamic) movements of the Ag atoms perpendicular to the Ag-Si bonding.

Thermal Measurements of a Rail-Cask-Size Pipe-Calorimeter in Jet Fuel Fires

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Greiner ◽  
Marcelo del Valle ◽  
Carlos Lopez ◽  
Victor Figueroa ◽  
Esam Abu-Irshaid
Keyword(s):  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Participating Media ◽  
The Third ◽  
Thermal Measurements ◽  
Experimental Facilities ◽  
Fire Characteristics

A series of fire tests was conducted involving a 2.44-m-(8-ft)-diameter, 4.57-m-(15-ft)-long, 2.54-cm-(1-inch)-wall thickness pipe calorimeter suspended 1-m above a 7.93-m-diameter pool that contained 7.57 m3 (2000 gallons) of jet fuel. The wind conditions, calorimeter temperature, participating media temperature and speed, and radiant heat flux, were measured at several locations as functions of time in three fire tests. The first two had relatively light winds and lasted roughly 40 minutes, while the third had much stronger winds and consumed the fuel in 25 minutes. The purpose of this paper is to describe the experimental facilities and certain fire characteristics. The large amount of data acquired cannot be fully presented in this paper. A website is available by contacting the first author so that the full data set may be used to quantitatively benchmark large-fire simulations and models.

scholarly journals Minimum standards for reporting outcomes of surgery in urogynaecology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Toozs-Hobson ◽  
Fiona Bach ◽  
J. Oliver Daly ◽  
Niels Klarskov
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Data Set ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Delphi Approach ◽  
Minimum Data ◽  
Data Points

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis The IUGA special interest group (SIG) identified a need for a minimum data set (MDS) to inform outcome measurements to be included and simplify data capture and standardise reporting for data collection systems. To define a minimum data set for urogynaecological surgical registries. Methods Existing registries provide an inventory of items. A modified Delphi approach was used to identify a MDS. At each stage reviewers ranked data points and used free text to comment. The rating used a scale of 0–10 at each review and a traffic light system rated the scores as desirable, highly desirable and mandatory. The scores were collated and reported back to clinicians prior to the further rounds. Outliers were highlighted and reviewers re-assessed prior to repeating the process. A comparison of the MDS was made with published outcomes. Results Reviewers were from the outcome SIG with emphasis on widespread representation. Fifteen clinicians from eight countries were involved. Four reviewers dissected the existing databases. Eighty data points were considered in four categories, background, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Consensus was reached by the third round. Two points were added on review (date of surgery and urodynamics). Three background points, five preoperative points, seven intraoperative points and nine postoperative points were identified giving 24 minimum data points in the final recommendation. Conclusions An MDS has been developed for urogynaecological surgical registries. These should be mandatory points which then allow larger varying points to be assessed. These points correspond well to data points used in published papers from established databases.

scholarly journals Novel Approaches to Smoothing and Comparing SELDI TOF Spectra

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 117693510500100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreelatha Meleth ◽  
Isam-Eldin Eltoum ◽  
Liu Zhu ◽  
Denise Oelschlager ◽  
Chandrika Piyathilake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Novel Approaches

Background Most published literature using SELDI-TOF has used traditional techniques in Spectral Analysis such as Fourier transforms and wavelets for denoising. Most of these publications also compare spectra using their most prominent feature, ie, peaks or local maximums. Methods The maximum intensity value within each window of differentiable m/z values was used to represent the intensity level in that window. We also calculated the ‘Area under the Curve’ (AUC) spanned by each window. Results Keeping everything else constant, such as pre-processing of the data and the classifier used, the AUC performed much better as a metric of comparison than the peaks in two out of three data sets. In the third data set both metrics performed equivalently. Conclusions This study shows that the feature used to compare spectra can have an impact on the results of a study attempting to identify biomarkers using SELDI TOF data.

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