Detection of a Tornado event on March-31(2019) and its effects on the Eastern part of Nepal

Abstract Radar-identified convective modes, peak low-level rotational velocities, and near-storm environmental data were assigned to a sample of tornadoes reported in the contiguous United States during 2009–13. The tornado segment data were filtered by the maximum enhanced Fujita (EF)-scale tornado event per hour using a 40-km horizontal grid. Convective mode was assigned to each tornado event by examining full volumetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler data at the beginning time of each event, and 0.5° peak rotational velocity (Vrot) data were identified manually during the life span of each tornado event. Environmental information accompanied each grid-hour event, consisting primarily of supercell-related convective parameters from the hourly objective mesoscale analyses calculated and archived at the Storm Prediction Center. Results from examining environmental and radar attributes, featuring the significant tornado parameter (STP) and 0.5° peak Vrot data, suggest an increasing conditional probability for greater EF-scale damage as both STP and 0.5° peak Vrot increase, especially with supercells. Possible applications of these findings include using the conditional probability of tornado intensity as a real-time situational awareness tool.

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Caregiver–adolescent co-reminiscing and adolescents’ individual recollections of a devastating tornado: Associations with enduring posttraumatic stress symptoms

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579418001487 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 151-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michelle L. Hendrickson ◽

Madelaine R. Abel ◽

Eric M. Vernberg ◽

Kristina L. McDonald ◽

John E. Lochman

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Emotion Socialization ◽

Meaning Making ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Personal Impact ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Tornado Event ◽

Over Time ◽

Disaster Exposure

AbstractAlthough disaster-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) typically decrease in intensity over time, some youth continue to report elevated levels of PTSS many years after the disaster. The current study examines two processes that may help to explain the link between disaster exposure and enduring PTSS: caregiver emotion socialization and youth recollection qualities. One hundred and twenty-two youth (ages 12 to 17) and their female caregivers who experienced an EF-4 tornado co-reminisced about the event, and adolescents provided independent recollections between 3 and 4 years after the tornado. Adolescent individual transcripts were coded for coherence and negative personal impact, qualities that have been found to contribute to meaning making. Parent–adolescent conversations were coded for caregiver egocentrism, a construct derived from the emotion socialization literature to reflect the extent to which the caregiver centered the conversation on her own emotions and experiences. Egocentrism predicted higher youth PTSS, and this association was mediated by the coherence of adolescents’ narratives. The association between coherence and PTSS was stronger for youth who focused more on the negative personal impacts of the tornado event during their recollections. Results suggest that enduring tornado-related PTSS may be influenced in part by the interplay of caregiver emotion socialization practices and youth recollection qualities.

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NWS Tornado Warnings with Zero or Negative Lead Times

Weather and Forecasting ◽

10.1175/2008waf2007076.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 140-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. Brotzge ◽

S. Erickson

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Lead Time ◽

Large Scale ◽

Weather Forecast ◽

Sociological Factors ◽

Tornado Warnings ◽

County Population ◽

Tornado Warning ◽

Tornado Event ◽

Difficult Challenge

Abstract During a 5-yr period of study from 2000 to 2004, slightly more than 10% of all National Weather Service (NWS) tornado warnings were issued either simultaneously as the tornado formed (i.e., with zero lead time) or minutes after initial tornado formation but prior to tornado dissipation (i.e., with “negative” lead time). This study examines why these tornadoes were not warned in advance, and what climate, storm morphology, and sociological factors may have played a role in delaying the issuance of the warning. This dataset of zero and negative lead time warnings are sorted by their F-scale ratings, geographically by region and weather forecast office (WFO), hour of the day, month of the year, tornado-to-radar distance, county population density, and number of tornadoes by day, hour, and order of occurrence. Two key results from this study are (i) providing advance warning on the first tornado of the day remains a difficult challenge and (ii) the more isolated the tornado event, the less likelihood that an advance warning is provided. WFOs that experience many large-scale outbreaks have a lower proportion of warnings with negative lead time than WFOs that experience many more isolated, one-tornado or two-tornado warning days. Monthly and geographic trends in lead time are directly impacted by the number of multiple tornado events. Except for a few isolated cases, the impacts of tornado-to-radar distance, county population density, and storm morphology did not have a significant impact on negative lead-time warnings.

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Genesis, Maintenance and Demise of a Simulated Tornado and the Evolution of Its Preceding Descending Reflectivity Core (DRC)

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10050236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 236 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dan Yao ◽

Zhiyong Meng ◽

Ming Xue

Keyword(s):

Cloud Model ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Radiosonde Data ◽

Phase Array ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Near Surface ◽

Radar Observations ◽

X Band ◽

Homogeneous Background ◽

Tornado Event

This study demonstrates the capability of a cloud model in simulating a real-world tornado using observed radiosonde data that define a homogeneous background. A reasonable simulation of a tornado event in Beijing, China, on 21 July 2012 is obtained. The simulation reveals the evolution of a descending reflectivity core (DRC) that has commonalities with radar observations, which retracts upward right before tornadogenesis. Tornadogenesis can be divided into three steps: the downward development of mesocyclone vortex, the upward development of tornado vortex, and the eventual downward development of condensation funnel cloud. This bottom-up development provides a numerical evidence for the growing support for a bottom-up, rapid tornadogenesis process as revealed by the state-of-the-art mobile X-band phase-array radar observations. The evolution of the simulated tornado features two replacement processes of three near-surface vortices coupled with the same midlevel updraft. The first replacement occurs during the intensification of the tornado before its maturity. The second replacement occurs during the tornado’s demise, when the connection between the midlevel mesocyclone and the near-surface vortex is cut off by a strong downdraft. This work shows the potential of idealized tornado simulations and three-dimensional illustrations in investigating the spiral nature and evolution of tornadoes.

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The June 4th 1999 severe weather episode in San Quirino, Italy: a tornado event?

Atmospheric Research ◽

10.1016/s0169-8095(00)00074-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (1-4) ◽

pp. 213-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Renzo Bechini ◽

Dario Giaiotti ◽

Agostino Manzato ◽

Fulvio Stel ◽

Stefano Micheletti

Keyword(s):

Severe Weather ◽

Tornado Event

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Simulation of the Tornado Event of 22 March, 2013 over Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh using WRF Model with 3DVar DA techniques

Journal of Earth System Science ◽

10.1007/s12040-014-0527-8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48

Author(s):

M N AHASAN ◽

M M ALAM ◽

S K DEBSARMA

Keyword(s):

Wrf Model ◽

Tornado Event

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On Effort and Achievement of Business Undergraduate and Graduate Students under a Disastrous Event

International Education Studies ◽

10.5539/ies.v9n9p230 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 230

Author(s):

Wai Yin Mok ◽

Jonathan Rex Mok ◽

Kit Yee Cheung

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Final Examination ◽

Academic Effort ◽

Business College ◽

Undergraduate Enrollment ◽

Graduate Enrollment ◽

Tornado Event ◽

Enrollment Data

<p class="apa">The 2011 tornado event in Alabama left college students with a choice to be exempt of their final examinations or participate in an attempt to improve their overall grades. This incident provided an opportunity to conduct an observational study with the goal of measuring the academic effort of business undergraduate and graduate students. The observation methodology utilized total enrollment of 3804 with an undergraduate enrollment of 3298 and a graduate enrollment of 506 for the spring term of 2011 which included 969 undergraduates and 276 graduates. A stratified random sampling was used to collect enrollment data according to 8 disciplines within the business college. Findings of this study suggest graduate students outperform undergraduate students in grade improvement. In fact, the eligibility rate and successful rate for obtaining a higher grade after taking a final examination for both undergraduates and graduates were statistically insignificant. However, the participation rate for taking the final examination between undergraduates and graduates was statistically different.</p>

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Tornadoes from Squall Lines and Bow Echoes. Part I: Climatological Distribution

Weather and Forecasting ◽

10.1175/waf-835.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 23-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Robert J. Trapp ◽

Sarah A. Tessendorf ◽

Elaine Savageau Godfrey ◽

Harold E. Brooks

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Tropical Cyclones ◽

Early Morning ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Radar Reflectivity ◽

Convective Systems ◽

Late Night ◽

Squall Lines ◽

Tornado Event

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to estimate the percentage of U.S. tornadoes that are spawned annually by squall lines and bow echoes, or quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs). This was achieved by examining radar reflectivity images for every tornado event recorded during 1998–2000 in the contiguous United States. Based on these images, the type of storm associated with each tornado was classified as cell, QLCS, or other. Of the 3828 tornadoes in the database, 79% were produced by cells, 18% were produced by QLCSs, and the remaining 3% were produced by other storm types, primarily rainbands of landfallen tropical cyclones. Geographically, these percentages as well as those based on tornado days exhibited wide variations. For example, 50% of the tornado days in Indiana were associated with QLCSs. In an examination of other tornado attributes, statistically more weak (F1) and fewer strong (F2–F3) tornadoes were associated with QLCSs than with cells. QLCS tornadoes were more probable during the winter months than were cells. And finally, QLCS tornadoes displayed a comparatively higher and statistically significant tendency to occur during the late night/early morning hours. Further analysis revealed a disproportional decrease in F0–F1 events during this time of day, which led the authors to propose that many (perhaps as many as 12% of the total) weak QLCSs tornadoes were not reported.

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Tornadoes in Romania—from Forecasting and Warning to Understanding Public’s Response and Expectations

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11090966 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 966

Author(s):

Simona Andrei ◽

Meda Daniela Andrei ◽

Mihăiţă Huştiu ◽

Sorin Cheval ◽

Bogdan Antonescu

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

General Public ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Significant Progress ◽

Tornado Warnings ◽

Forecasting And Warning ◽

Tornado Event ◽

First Time ◽

To Receive ◽

Further Development

Significant progress in tornado research and management can be claimed over the last few decades worldwide. However, tornado forecasting and warning continue to be permanent challenges for most European national meteorological services because they require particular skills and experience. Moreover, tornado warnings may generate panic. Therefore, one can remark that the main difficulties are related to (1) forecasting the tornado genesis, and (2) finding the most efficient way to communicate to the general public the possibility of tornado occurrence. This article presents the main characteristics of two convective events that occurred in Romania in order to emphasize the similarities and disparities between the tornado event (30 April 2019) and the non-tornado event (6 May 2019), from the warning perspective. Further, we investigate, for the first time in Romania, the general public’s comprehension, risk perception and reactions regarding the tornado events. The survey performed in 2020 emphasized that the Romanian public is able to recognize tornadoes (60%), understand the risks (over 80%), can manage the panic (over 70%), and is rather desirous to receive clear (over 90%) and real-time (95%) tornado warnings. The lessons learned may support the further development of tornado forecasting and warning procedures, and foster the public’s awareness related to tornado events.

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