scholarly journals THE FORMATION OF A STABLE GROUND COVER IN PLANTING APPLE TREES MALUS DOMESTICA L. HOME WHEN GARDENING

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A.I. Dovganuk ◽  
S.Yu. Krokhin
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Apple Trees

scholarly journals Hybridisation of Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. with Malus × domestica Borkh. and Implications for the Production of Forest Reproductive Material

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Mateja Kišek ◽  
Kristjan Jarni ◽  
Robert Brus
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Crab Apple

This study focuses on the morphological and genetic characteristics of European crab apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the occurrence of hybrids in its populations. We analyzed a total of 107 putative European crab apple trees in Slovenia: 92 from nine natural populations, five from a seed stand and 10 from a stand of unnatural origin. We also included 18 domesticated apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and two Japanese flowering crab apple trees (Malusfloribunda van Houtte) as outliers. The trees were classified into groups of European crab apples, hybrids and domesticated apples according to their morphological and genetic characteristics. Classification based on morphological traits produced different results (58.75% European crab apple, 37.11% hybrids and 4.14% domesticated apple) compared to those based on genetic analysis (70.10% European crab apple, 21.64% hybrids and 8.26% domesticated apple). When genetic and morphological characteristics were combined, only 40.20% of the trees were classified as European crab apple, and an additional group of feral cultivars of domesticated apples (6.18%) was identified. The analysis revealed that hybridization with domesticated apple is taking place in all studied natural European crab apple populations; however, hybrids and feral cultivars only occur to a limited extent. When introducing European crab apple into forests in the future, only genetically verified forest reproductive material obtained exclusively from suitable seed stands should be used.

scholarly journals The Effect of NAA and BA on Carbon Dioxide Assimilation by Shoot Leaves of Spur-type `Delicious' and `Empire' Apple Trees

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matej Stopar ◽  
Brent L. Black ◽  
Martin J. Bukovac
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Assimilation ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Exchange Parameters

The effects of NAA, BA, or Accel on CO2 assimilation of shoot leaves of mature bearing Redchief `Delicious' and `Empire' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees were evaluated over two seasons. BA at 50 mg·L-1 did not significantly affect any of the gas-exchange parameters measured. NAA (15 mg·L-1) consistently suppressed CO2 assimilation rate (from ≈10% to 24% below that of the control). This suppression was NAA-concentration dependent, continued for >15 days after treatment, and was completely overcome in `Empire', but only partially or not at all in `Delicious' when BA was combined with NAA. These results are discussed in relation to fruit thinning and NAA-induced inhibition of fruit growth in spur-type `Delicious'. Chemical names used: 2-(1-napthyl) acetic acid (NAA); N-(phenyl)-1H-purine-6-amine (BA); BA + gibberellin A (GA)4+7 (Accel).

EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE ANNUAL APPLICATIONS OF TERBACIL, DIURON, SIMAZINE AND DICHLOBENIL ON VIGOR, YIELD, AND CATION NUTRITION OF YOUNG APPLE TREES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. HOGUE ◽  
G. H. NEILSEN
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Dimethyl Urea ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Leaf Nutrition ◽  
Coarse Soil ◽  
Young Apple

A field trial was conducted to determine the effects of repeated applications of residual herbicides on young apple trees on dwarfing rootstock planted in coarse soil and under full growing season irrigation. Bisbee Delicious/M.26 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) planted in 1978 were subjected to various, but continuous soil management treatments from 1980 to 1985. These treatments included full ground cover, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] herbicide applied at 1.5 kg a.i. ha−1 yr−1 and recommended (X), twice recommended (2X) and four times recommended (4X) rates of terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil), diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea], simazine [2-chloro-4, 6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] and dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile). Herbicide application at X was 1.5 kg a.i. ha−1 yr−1 for terbacil, 2.5 kg a.i. ha−1 yr−1 for diuron and simazine and 4.0 kg a.i. ha−1 yr−1 for dichlobenil. Applications of terbacil, diuron and simazine above X resulted in linear decreases in tree vigor and yield. Cumulative initial yield, 1982–85, was reduced at 4X by 46.8% for simazine and 60.8% for terbacil compared to their respective yields at X, while 4X diuron began causing tree mortality after the second application. High rates of dichlobenil did not significantly affect tree vigor or yield. Although simazine applications directly increased leaf Mg and Zn concentrations in 2 of 3 yr, the results had no practical significance, due to the toxicity of simazine. Other herbicides did not consistently influence tree cation nutrition.Key words: Apple, yield, vigor, herbicide toxicity, leaf nutrition

THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE-APPLIED CALCIUM ON SOIL AND MATURE SPARTAN APPLE TREES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
E. HOGUE ◽  
B. G. DROUGHT
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Mature Apple

In 1975, hydrated lime and calcium sulfate were applied to a Rutland gravelly sandy loam under the canopy of mature apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. ’Spartan’) on M16 at 3000, 6000, 3 × 2000 and at 3000, 6000, 3 × 4000 kg/ha, respectively, pH and exchangeable Ca, Mg and Mn were measured in the soil sampled in 1979 at 10-cm intervals to a 60-cm depth for each of the check, 6000 kg/ha Ca(OH)2 and 12 000 kg/ha gypsum treatments. The acidity of the surface soil was decreased significantly in the 6000 kg/ha Ca(OH)2 treatment. Negligible soil Ca accumulation occurred below the surface 10-cm depth for any treatment. Soil Mn was decreased from the surface to the 20-cm level in the Ca(OH)2 treatment while soil Mg was decreased from the surface to the 30-cm level in the gypsum treatment. Fruit Ca concentration at harvest, 1975–1979 was not increased by soil Ca treatments. Leaf Mg was often reduced by soil gpysum applications in excess of 3000 kg/ha. Leaf Mn reduction did not occur until the 4th and 5th yr of the experiment in the 6000 and the 3 × 2000 kg/ha Ca(OH)2 treatments.

Characterization of a Midwinter-Expressed Dehydrin (DHN) Gene from Apple Trees (Malus domestica)

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica L. Garcia-Bañuelos ◽  
Alfonso A. Gardea ◽  
Joy J. Winzerling ◽  
Luz Vazquez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Apple Trees

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STEMS AND ROOTS USED TO DISTINGUISH STANDARD FROM IRRADIATION-INDUCED VARIANT APPLE TREES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-518
Author(s):  
B. J. PARLIMAN ◽  
C. STUSHNOFF
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

Beacon apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) variants derived from gamma-irradiated scionwood on Columbia Crab seedling (CC) rootstocks were compared to both standard Beacon/clonal rootstocks, standard Beacon/CC rootstocks and Columbia Crab seedling trees. Stem or root measurements of trees classed as induced spur-type dwarf variants/CC rootstocks had larger bark to xylem ratios than trees from other growth habit classes. Stem and root bark to xylem ratios have the potential to be used as juvenile selection criteria in screening for spur-type dwarf variants in irradiation-exposed apple tree populations.

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