Pelatihan pembuatan produk makanan berbasis daun kelor untuk pemenuhan gizi balita di Desa Bogo Bojonegoro

Permasalahan malnutrisi pada balita merupakan masalah kesehatan utama yang dihadapi oleh sebagian besar negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Daun kelor merupakan salah satu bahan alam yang memiliki kandungan nutrisi dan bermanfaat untuk pemenuhan gizi. Daun kelor selama ini banyak digunakan pada berbagai negara berkembang sebagai alternatif makanan untuk mengatasi malnutrisi. Salah satu desa di Jawa Timur yang memiliki potensi tanaman kelor adalah di Desa Bogo, Bojonegoro. Daun kelor telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat Desa Bogo dalam bentuk olahan makanan sederhana seperti sayur bening, keripik, dan pepes. Produk makanan berbasis daun kelor yang selama ini dikembangkan belum ada yang dapat diterima dan digemari oleh anak-anak, padahal pemenuhan gizi balita merupakan salah satu fokus yang juga diprioritaskan oleh pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur. Berdasarkan pada fakta tersebut, diperlukan suatu kegiatan pengembangan produk makanan berbasis daun kelor untuk pemenuhan gizi balita. Produk makanan yang dikembangkan dalam kegiatan ini adalah nugget dan es krim daun kelor. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan Kelompok Wanita Tani dan kader PKK di Desa Bogo untuk menciptakan produk makanan berbasis daun kelor yang digemari oleh balita. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan evaluasi pemahaman di awal kegiatan, penyampaian materi dengan media vidoe, praktik pembuatan produk, dan evaluasi akhir kegiatan.Kata Kunci: produk makanan; daun kelor; gizi; balita; Desa Bogo. Training on Making Moringa Leaf-Based Food Products for Toddler Nutrition Fulfillment in Bogo Village, BojonegoroABSTRACTMalnutrition in toddlers is a major health problem suffered by most developing countries, including Indonesia. Kelor leaves are one of the natural ingredients which contain nutrients and beneficial for nutritional requirements. One of the villages in East Java that has the potential of kelor plants is Bogo, Bojonegoro. Kelor leaves have been utilized in Bogo as simple foods product including clear soups, chips, and pepes. Kelor leaf-based food products which have been developed, are not being accepted and favored by children. Whereas, the nutritional fulfillment of toddlers is one of the focus that is prioritized by the government of East Java province. Based on this fact, kelor leaf-based food development activity is required for the fulfillment of toddler nutrition. Food products developed in this activity are nuggets and ice cream based of kelor leaf. This activity aims to empower Kelompok Wanita Tani and PKK in Bogo village to create a kelor leaf-based food products which are favored by toddlers. This activity is conducted by an evaluation of understanding at the beginning of activities, delivery of material using video, product creation practices, and final evaluation. The final result of this program obtained two new variants of product, including nugget and ice cream. Both products can be used as alternative food products to meet the nutritional needs of children in Bogo, Bojonegoro. Keywords: food product; kelor leaf; nutrition; toddler; Desa Bogo

Association of spectroscopically determined leaf nutrition related traits and breeding selection in Sassafras tzumu

Background Plant traits related to nutrition have an influential role in tree growth, tree production and nutrient cycling. Therefore, the breeding program should consider the genetics of the traits. However, the measurement methods could seriously affect the progress of breeding selection program. In this study, we tested the ability of spectroscopy to quantify the specific leaf nutrition traits including anthocyanins (ANTH), flavonoids (FLAV) and nitrogen balance index (NBI), and estimated the genetic variation of these leaf traits based on the spectroscopic predicted data. Fresh leaves of Sassafras tzumu were selected for spectral collection and ANTH, FLAV and NBI concentrations measurement by standard analytical methods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), five spectra pre-processing methods, and four variable selection algorisms were conducted for the optimal model selection. Each trait model was simulated 200 times for error estimation. Results The standard normal variate (SNV) to the ANTH model and 1st derivatives to the FLAV and NBI models, combined with significant Multivariate Correlation (sMC) algorithm variable selection are finally regarded as the best performance models. The ANTH model produced the highest accuracy of prediction with a mean R2 of 0.72 and mean RMSE of 0.10%, followed by FLAV and NBI model (mean R2 of 0.58, mean RMSE of 0.11% and mean R2 of 0.44, mean RMSE of 0.04%). High heritability was found for ANTH, FLAV and NBI with h2 of 0.78, 0.58 and 0.61 respectively. It shows that it is beneficial and possible for breeding selection to the improvement of leaf nutrition traits. Conclusions Spectroscopy can successfully characterize the leaf nutrition traits in living tree leaves and the ability to simultaneous multiple plant traits provides a promising and high-throughput tool for the quick analysis of large size samples and serves for genetic breeding program.

Association of spectroscopically determined leaf nutrition related traits and breeding selection in Sassafras tzumu

Background: Plant traits related to nutrition have an influential role on tree growth, tree production and nutrient cycling. Therefore, the breeding program should consider the genetics of the traits. However, the measurement methods could seriously affect the progress of breeding selection program. In this study, we tested the ability of spectroscopy to quantify the specific leaf nutrition traits including Anthocyanins (ANTH), flavonoids (FLAV) and Nitrogen balance index (NBI), and estimated the genetic variation of these leaf traits based on the spectroscopic predicted data. Live fresh leaves of Sassafras tzumu were selected for spectral collection, after which concentrations of ANTH, FLAV and NBI were analyzed by standard analytical methods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), five spectra pre-processing methods, and four variable selection algorisms were conducted for the optimal prediction model selection. Each trait model was simulated 200 times for error estimation. Results: The Standard Normal Variate (SNV) to the ANTH model and 1st derivatives to the FLAV and NBI models, combined with significant Multivariate Correlation (sMC) algorithm variable selection are finally regarded as the best performance model. The ANTH model produced the highest accuracy of prediction with a mean R2 of 0.72 and mean RMSE of 0.10 %, followed by FLAV and NBI model (mean R2 =0.58, mean RMSE = 0.11 % and mean R2 =0.44, mean RMSE = 0.04 %). High heritability was found of ANTH FLAV and NBI with h2 of 0.78, 0.58 and 0.61 respectively. It shows that it is benefitting and possible of breeding selection for the improvement of leaf nutrition traits. Conclusions: Spectroscopy can successfully characterize the leaf nutrition traits in living tree leaves and the ability to simultaneous multiple plant traits provides a promising and high-throughput tool for the quick analysis of large size samples and serves for genetic breeding program.

Aplikasi Polyhalite sebagai Pengganti ZK dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kadar K, Mg, dan S Daun, Produksi, dan Mutu Buah Jeruk Siam

<p>As a natural mineral that contains several macro elements, polyhalite (K2Ca2Mg (SO4) 4H2O) has good potential as a fertilizer. This study aims to study the effect of polyhalite on branch growth, leaf nutrition (K, Mg and S), chlorophyll index, harvest weight, fruit quality, and the effective dose of Siam citrus. A 4-year-old Siam citrus planted on vertisol soil was treated with 6 fertilizer treatments: 625; 1,000; 1,375; 1,750; 2.125 kg polyhalite and 625 kg ZK/hectare/year. The experiment using a randomized block design was repeated 3 times. The results showed that<br />the application of polyhalite at the same K2O dose as ZK increased leaf Mg content, chlorophyll index and total juicesolids significantly. Polyhalite application of 1,750 kg/hectare (2.8 kg/tree) is an effective dose for mature Siam citrus in vertisol with moderate K status and high Ca and Mg status.</p>

Association of Spectroscopically Determined Leaf Nutrition Related Traits and Breeding Selection in Sassafras Tzumu

Background: The nutrition related to traits is an influential role in tree growth, tree production and nutrient cycling. Therefore, the influence of genetic parameters on leaf nutrition traits ought to take account of optimal tree breeding selection. However, the measurement methods are seriously affected by the progress of breeding selection program. In this study, we tested the ability of spectroscopy to quantify the specific leaf nutrition traits including Anthocyanins (ANTH), flavonoids (FLAV) and Nitrogen balance index (NBI), and estimated the genetic variation of these leaf traits based on the spectroscopic predicted data. Live fresh leaves of Sassafras tzumu were selected for spectral collection, after which concentrations of ANTH, FLAV and NBI were analyzed by standard analytical methods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), five spectra pre-processing methods, and four variable selection algorisms were conducted for the optimal prediction model selection. Each trait model was simulated 200 times for error estimation.Results: The stander normal variation (SNV) to the ANTH model and 1st derivatives to the FLAV and NBI models, combined with significant Multivariate Correlation (sMC) algorithm variable selection are finally regarded as the best performance model. The ANTH model produced the highest accuracy of prediction with a mean R2 of 0.72 and mean RMSE of 0.10 %, followed by FLAV and NBI model (mean R2 =0.58, mean RMSE = 0.11 % and mean R2 =0.44, mean RMSE = 0.04 %). High heritability was found of ANTH FLAV and NBI with h2 of 0.78, 0.58 and 0.61 respectively. It shows that it is benefitting and possible of breeding selection for the improvement of leaf nutrition traits.Conclusions: Spectroscopy can successfully characterize the leaf nutrition traits in living tree leaves and the ability to simultaneous multiple plant traits provides a promising and high-throughput tool for the quick analysis of large size samples and serves for genetic breeding program.

Effect of biofertilizer on soil fertility and lettuce nutrition

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of efficient microorganisms (EM), in the form of a biofertilizer, on soil fertility and leaf nutrition of lettuce during two crop cycles. One of the biggest challenges of organic production is the fertilization of crops. EMs are considered an alternative, sustainable, safe and low-cost technique to increase the productivity of organic foods, and their use is a good option for agroecological management. For the capture of the EMs and the production of the biofertilizer, a rice substrate was used, according to the methodology used by Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Cattle and Supplying (MAPA, in Portuguese: Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento). Soil samples were collected at the beginning of the first cycle and at the end of the second cycle. The samples were sent for chemical analysis, in order to evaluate possible changes in the concentration of Ca, Mg, K, P and Zn, as well as the levels of CTC, base saturation, organic matter and pH. For leaf analysis, leaf concentrations of the following nutrients were observed: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu Fe, Mn, Zn. The results were satisfactory for the treatment that received weekly application of efficient microorganisms, which resulted in a greater increase of the elements K, Zn and Ca in the soil. As for leaf concentrations, there was a significant difference for N and P (48 and 9.2 g kg-1, respectively) in the treatment used with biofertilizer.

APLICAÇÃO FOLIAR DE NITROGÊNIO EM DIFERENTES ESTÁDIOS FENOLÓGICOS NA CULTURA DA SOJA

A inoculação é a principal forma de suprimento de N na cultura de soja no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada via foliar em diferentes estádios na cultura da soja. O trabalho foi conduzido em blocos casualizados (DBC) com nove tratamentos. A testemunha não recebeu adubação foliar, apenas inoculação pelas bactérias via sementes; os outros tratamentos receberam 10 kg/ha de N na forma de ureia nos estádios fenológicos V2, V4, V6, V8, R1, R2, R3 e R4 via foliar. A cultivar utilizada foi a Desafio RR. No estádio R5 avaliaram-se o índice de clorofila, a área foliar, o número de folhas, o número de nódulos, a matéria seca dos nódulos, a matéria seca das raízes, a matéria seca das partes aéreas e o diâmetro do caule. Na maturação fisiológica determinaram-se os componentes de produtividade, altura de plantas, o número de vagens, o número de grãos por vagens, a massa de 1000 grãos e a produtividade. A aplicação de nitrogênio só ocorreu incremento na fase inicial estádio V2. Portanto o maior rendimento de produtividade ocorre quando se aplica N no estádio V2, no entanto, na composição entre elas, não justifica o retorno financeiro.Palavras-chave: adubação nitrogenada; nutrição foliar; rendimento. FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NITROGEN IN DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES IN SOYBEAN CULTURE ABSTRACT:Inoculation is the main form of N supply in soybean culture in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization via leaf at different stages in soybean culture. The work was carried out in randomized blocks (DBC) with nine treatments. The control did not receive foliar fertilization, only inoculation by bacteria via seeds; the other treatments received 10 kg / ha of N as urea in the phenological stages V2, V4, V6, V8, R1, R2, R3 and R4 via leaf. The cultivar used was Desafio RR. At the R5 stage, the chlorophyll index, leaf area, number of leaves, number of nodules, dry matter of nodules, dry matter of roots, dry matter of aerial parts and stem diameter were evaluated. In the physiological maturation, the components of productivity, plant height, the number of pods, the number of grains per pod, the mass of 1000 grains and the productivity were determined. The nitrogen application only increased in the initial stage V2. Therefore, the highest productivity yield occurs when N is applied at stage V2, however, in the composition between them, it does not justify the financial return.Key words: nitrogen fertilization; leaf nutrition; yield.