scholarly journals A look at the C3 and C5 proteins in the Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (115) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Henry David Mosquera-Daza
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
First Line ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
The Complement System

The emergency caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the Covid-19 disease, has triggered a global pandemic. One of the most characteristic factors of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is the deregulated activation of the complement system, especially by proteins C3 and C5. These proteins trigger initiation reactions such as maintenance of inappropriate biological activities in addition to uncontrolled immune responses by immune cells, especially neutrophils. They generate various pathologies such as acute stroke, heart attack, coagulopathies, multiorgan failure, inflammation, immunothrombinosis, heart failure, acute kidney injury, acute injuries in the lung area, thrombotic microangiopathy, pneumonia, and dysfunctional immune responses. Because of the crucial role played by proteins C3 and C5 in the infection by the SARS-COV-2 virus, new complement system inhibition treatments have emerged as a possible first line of defense against the worst symptoms developed during Covid-19 disease. This article will review in a general way, the role of C3 and C5 proteins and the treatments aimed at the inhibition of these same proteins during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Role of Complement in Multiorgan Failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rittirsch ◽  
Heinz Redl ◽  
Markus Huber-Lang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Activation Products ◽  
The Complement System

Multiorgan failure (MOF) represents the leading cause of death in patients with sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following severe trauma. The underlying immune response is highly complex and involves activation of the complement system as a crucial entity of innate immunity. Uncontrolled activation of the complement system during sepsis and SIRS with in excessive generation of complement activation products contributes to an ensuing dysfunction of various organ systems. In the present review, mechanisms of the inflammatory response in the development of MOF in sepsis and SIRS with particular focus on the complement system are discussed.

scholarly journals Complement System in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilvi Riihilä ◽  
Liisa Nissinen ◽  
Jaakko Knuutila ◽  
Pegah Rahmati Nezhad ◽  
Kristina Viiklepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
The Complement System

Epidermal keratinocyte-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer with high mortality rates in the advanced stage. Chronic inflammation is a recognized risk factor for cSCC progression and the complement system, as a part of innate immunity, belongs to the microenvironment of tumors. The complement system is a double-edged sword in cancer, since complement activation is involved in anti-tumor cytotoxicity and immune responses, but it also promotes cancer progression directly and indirectly. Recently, the role of several complement components and inhibitors in the regulation of progression of cSCC has been shown. In this review, we will discuss the role of complement system components and inhibitors as biomarkers and potential new targets for therapeutic intervention in cSCC.

scholarly journals The Role of the Complement System in Acute Kidney Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. McCullough ◽  
Brandon Renner ◽  
Joshua M. Thurman
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Complement System

scholarly journals Special Issue: The Role of Complement in Cancer Immunotherapy

Antibodies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ronald P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Critical Aspects

The complement system plays an important role in critical aspects of immune defense and in the maintenance of homeostasis in the bloodstream, as well as in essentially all tissues and organs [...]

COVID-19 and nutritional deficiency: a review of existing knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Meghana Muthuvattur Pallath ◽  
Ashok Kumar Ahirwar ◽  
Satyendra Chandra Tripathi ◽  
Priyanka Asia ◽  
Apurva Sakarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Antibody Affinity ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract COVID-19 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic, which spread largely among people who have had close contact with the infected person. The immunopathology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus includes the production of an excess amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines “a cytokine-storm”. The respiratory system (main), cardiovascular system and the gastrointestinal tract are the most affected body systems during viral infection. It has been found that most of the patients who require admission to hospital are elderly or have chronic underlying diseases. Higher cases of malnutrition and co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases are reported in elderly patients due to which, the immune system weakens and hence, the response to the virus is diminished in magnitude. A deficiency of micronutrients results in impaired immune responses leading to improper secretion of cytokines, alterations in secretory antibody response and antibody affinity which increases susceptibility to viral infection. The deficiency of various micronutrients in COVID-19 patient can be treated by appropriate nutritional supplements, prescribed after evaluating the patients’ nutritional status. Here we aim to highlight the role of a few particular nutrients namely Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Omega-3 fatty acids, Zinc and Magnesium along with the synergistic roles they play in enhancing immunity and thus, maintaining homeostasis.

The role of the complement system in hereditary angioedema

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorottya Csuka ◽  
Nóra Veszeli ◽  
Lilian Varga ◽  
Zoltán Prohászka ◽  
Henriette Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Complement System ◽  
Hereditary Angioedema ◽  
The Complement System

The role of paramyosin from blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni in inhibition of the complement system

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (16) ◽  
pp. 4172
Author(s):  
Lina Grekin ◽  
Ram Cohen ◽  
James M. Sodetz ◽  
Daniel Gold ◽  
Zvi Fishelson
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Blood Fluke ◽  
The Complement System

scholarly journals Activation of the complement system by pathogenic fungi.

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Kozel
Keyword(s):  
Complement System ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Complement Cascade ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Molecular Bases ◽  
The Complement System

Fungi have been studied as prototype activators of the complement cascade since the early 1900s. More recently, attention has focused on the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of fungal infections. The interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans with the complement system are the most widely characterized; however, all pathogenic fungi examined to date have the ability to initiate the complement cascade. The molecular mechanisms for initiation and regulation of the complement cascade differ from one fungus to another, most likely reflecting differences in the structure of the outer layers of the cell wall. The molecular bases for such differences remain to be identified. Studies of mycoses in experimental animals with induced or congenital deficiencies in the complement system demonstrate that complement is an important innate system for control of fungal infection. Contributions to host resistance include opsonization and generation of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation induced by chemotactic products of the complement system may contribute to the pathogenesis of some fungal infections.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document