scholarly journals Measures and Gap Analysis on the Impact of Non-Indigenous Species on the Black Sea Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Eyuboglu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Pseudodiaptomus marinus Sato, 1913 in the Black Sea: morphology, genetic analysis, and variability in seasonal and interannual abundance

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10153
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gubanova ◽  
Inna Drapun ◽  
Oksana Garbazey ◽  
Olga Krivenko ◽  
Ekaterina Vodiasova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Density Peak ◽  
Sevastopol Bay ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

Calanoid copepod Peudodiaptomus marinus Sato, 1913 was first recorded in Sevastopol Bay in the northern Black Sea in September 2016. We performed regular observations of this new invasive species between October 2016 and December 2018. We conducted bi-weekly plankton sampling at three stations located within or adjacent to Sevastopol Bay. This is the first paper to combine (i) a detailed morphological study, (ii) molecular genetic analysis, and (iii) an investigation of P. marinus seasonal dynamics and interannual abundance variability in the coastal Black Sea. Our morphological research showed similarities between Pseudodiaptomus specimens and existing P. marinus illustrations and descriptions. Our morphological analysis results were confirmed using molecular genetic studies. Based on the genetic variability of ITS2 and cytb, we found that all investigated specimens from Sevastopol Bay belonged to P. marinus. Investigations of P. marinus seasonal and interannual abundance variability showed the same seasonal patterns throughout the studied period, with a higher seasonal abundance from October to November and one pronounced density peak in autumn. The highest abundances (2,000 ind m–3 at the mouth of the bay and more than 5,000 ind m–3at its centre) were recorded in November 2018. In the samples, we found adults of both sexes, including ovigerous females, copepodites I–V, and nauplii, suggesting that the species reproduce in Sevastopol Bay. Our research indicated that P. marinus is a new non-indigenous species (NIS) in the Black Sea, and we will discuss a possible vector of its introduction into this basin.

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Analysis of the Mass Tourism Management Model Related to the Impact on the Local Community in Constanta City (Romania)

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Catalin Anton ◽  
Angela-Eliza Micu ◽  
Eugen Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Management Model ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Traditionally and socially, the tourism in Constanta is considered to be important to the local economy. Sun and beach locations are both a draw for locals and tourists to the city, on the Black Sea. However, vacation-oriented activities in the city only have a seasonal cycle. In this paper, we proposed to analyze the mass tourist activity in Constanta, taking into account economic, social, and environmental conditions. Additionally, we attempted to build a model based on the data available. The model was developed using a PESTEL analysis to determine the supportability factor of the indicators identified. We also set out to create a projection of the activities proposed for analysis by 2050. To create a model for coastal areas, the data used in this research must be accurate and consistent. Furthermore, correctly identifying indicators and their relationships is a critical step in conducting a thorough study. Last but not least, finding the calculation coefficient for the activity in question is critical, as collecting data from various activities might be challenging when trying to find a feasible model.

Anthropogenic Impact on the Lithodynamics of the Coastal Zone of the Southern and Western Black Sea Coast (Review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Efremova ◽  
Yu. N. Goryachkin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
River Flow ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone changes the natural dynamics of bottom sediments, which leads to increased abrasion and swelling of beaches, activation of landslide processes creating a threat of destruction of the coastal infrastructure. The article aims at providing an overview of the scientific literature on the anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone of the southern and western coasts of the Black Sea (shores of Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey). The work shows that with all the differences in the natural conditions of the coastal zones of these countries the types of anthropogenic effects they undergo are almost the same. These include: hydrotechnical construction without regard to the impact on the neighbouring coast sections; reduction of solid river flow due to river regulation by reservoirs; construction of capital facilities directly on the beaches; illegal extraction of sand from beaches and river beds; dredging with sale of the extracted material to construction companies; covering of cliffs by various structures; destruction of coastal dunes, etc. The main negative consequences of these actions are reflected in disruption of natural dynamics and shortages of bottom sediments, changes in the coastline, reduced aesthetic attractiveness and accessibility of shores, destruction of coastal ecosystems. The article also provides information on the legislation of these countries regarding environmental management in the coastal zone

scholarly journals Denitrification by benthic foraminifera and their contribution to N-loss from a fjord environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Choquel ◽  
Emmanuelle Geslin ◽  
Edouard Metzger ◽  
Helena L. Filipsson ◽  
Nils Risgaard-Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Nitrate Respiration ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Chemical Gradients ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Oxygen and nitrate availabilities impact the marine nitrogen cycle at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Here, we demonstrate the impact of denitrifying foraminifera on the nitrogen cycle at two oxygen and nitrate contrasting stations in a fjord environment (Gullmar Fjord, Sweden). Denitrification by benthic foraminifera was determined through the combination of specific density counting per microhabitat and specific nitrate respiration rates obtained through incubation experiments using N2O microsensors. Benthic nitrate removal was calculated from submillimeter chemical gradients extracted from 2D porewater images of the porewater nitrate concentration. These were acquired by combining the DET technique (diffusive equilibrium in thin film) with chemical colorimetry and hyperspectral imagery. Sediments with high nitrate concentrations in the porewater and oxygenated overlying water were dominated by the non-indigenous species (NIS) Nonionella sp. T1. Denitrification by this species could account for 50 %–100 % of the nitrate loss estimated from the nitrate gradients. In contrast sediments below hypoxic bottom waters had low inventories of porewater nitrate, and denitrifying foraminifera were rare. Their contribution to benthic nitrate removal was negligible (< 5 %). Our study showed that benthic foraminifera can be a major contributor to nitrogen mitigation in oxic coastal ecosystems and should be included in ecological and diagenetic models aiming to understand biogeochemical cycles coupled to nitrogen.

THE ECONOMIC-MILITARY IMPORTANCE OF THE BLACK SEA – NORTH SEA CORRIDOR FOR ENSURING STABILITY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Valentin-Costinel TOTIR ◽  
Roxana ALEXANDRU
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: During history, the main channel of communication and cooperation between countries was through commerce and, consequently, through transport. Among all the transport ways, the maritime transport is the one that offers the best cost – benefits ratio. This article is addressed to all the people involved or interested in the economic and military fields and aims to highlight the importance of the Black Sea and North Sea connecting corridor in ensuring peace and stability in Europe in general and in South-Eastern Europe in special. To achieve this goal, we will review the historical conflicts among European countries for waterway control and make a descriptive analysis of the stability situation in the areas affected by them. Furthermore, using the hypothetical-deductive method, we will highlight the manner in which the connection of the Black Sea with the North Sea has influenced economic and military exchanges between riparian states and the impact on stability across European continent. At the end of the article, we will show how economic and military stability in south-eastern Europe is influenced and threatened by geopolitical changes in the wider Black Sea region and how this stability can be maintained and strengthened due to the great possibilities for economic cooperation among the countries of Western and South-Eastern Europe. The novelty of this approach is that it aims to analyze the importance of the Black Sea-North Sea channel in the context of fundamental changes in the politico-military situation in South-East Europe, generated by the expansion of the Russian Federation and the conflict between Turkey and Greece, NATO member countries.

Modern condition of biological diversity in near-shore zone of Crimea (the Black Sea sector)

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Shore Zone ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Condition

Monograph is prepared on the basis of the materials collected in near-shore waters of Crimea in 2003, and the retrospective data. Modern condition of biological diversity in near-shore zone of Crimea is shown on the basis of analysis of qualitative and quantitative composition of micro- and zooplankton, phyto- and zoobenthos, ichthyofauna and parasite fauna; the recommendations on conservation of biological diversity are given. Responses of biota on the appearance of new species in communities and on the impact of some anthropogenic factors are analyzed. Characteristics of the Black Sea plankton bioluminescents and the bioluminescence field forming by them in neritic zone of Crimea are shown. Lists of species of main groups of flora and fauna from the different regions of near-shore waters of Crimea are made.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of basin dynamics on the regional sea level rise in the Black Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arseny A. Kubryakov ◽  
Sergey V. Stanichny ◽  
Denis L. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Sea Level

Abstract. Satellite altimetry measurements show that the magnitude of the Black Sea sea level trends is spatially uneven. While the basin-mean sea level rise from 1993 to 2014 was about 3.15 mm yr−1, the local rates of sea level rise varied from 1.5–2.5 mm yr−1 in the central part to 3.5–3.8 mm yr−1 at the basin periphery and over the northwestern shelf and to 5 mm yr−1 in the southeastern part of the sea. We show that the observed spatial differences in the dynamic sea level (anomaly relative to the basin-mean) are caused by changes in the large- and mesoscale dynamics of the Black Sea. First, a long-term intensification of the cyclonic wind curl over the Black Sea, observed in 1993–2014, strengthened divergence in the center of the basin and led to the rise of the sea level in coastal and shelf areas and a lowering in the basin's interior. Second, an extension of the Batumi anticyclone to the west resulted in  ∼  1.2 mm yr−1 higher rates of sea level rise in the southeastern part of the sea. Further, we demonstrate that the large-scale dynamic sea level variability in the Black Sea can be successfully reconstructed using the wind curl obtained from an atmospheric reanalysis. This allows for the correction of historical tide gauge records for dynamic effects in order to derive more accurate estimates of the basin-mean sea level change in the past, prior to the satellite altimetry era.

Integrating river basin management and the coastal zone: the (blue) Danube and the (black) Sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Č Maksimović ◽  
C.K. Makropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
The Impact

In order to effectively manage the wide variety of physical, chemical biological and ecological processes in a sensitive coastal environment such as the Black Sea, current environmental management objectives are no longer sufficient: a new management approach has to address the intimate functional linkage between the river basin and the costal environment. Current water quality legislation requires compliance to emission levels based on the chemical analysis of water samples taken at discharge points, such as treatment plants discharging into rivers. While such measures provide a relative indication of the water quality at the point of discharge, they fail to describe accurately and sufficiently the quality of the water received from the watershed or basin. As water flows through the catchment, rainfall run-off from urban and agricultural areas carries sediments, pesticides, and other chemicals into river systems, which lead to coastal waters. The impact of the Kosovo crisis on the Danube ecosystems provides a poignant example of the effects of such diffused pollution mechanisms and reveals a number of interesting pollution mechanisms. This paper discusses both the effects of diffused pollution on the Black Sea, drawing from state-of-the-art reports on the Danube, and proposes a framework for a decision support system based on distributed hydrological and pollution transport simulation models and GIS. The use of ecological health indicators and fuzzy inference supporting decisions on regional planning within this framework is also advocated. It is also argued that even the recently produced GEF document on Black Sea protection scenarios should benefit significantly if the concept of pollution reduction from both urban, industrial and rural areas should undergo a systematic conceptual update in the view of the recent recommendations of the UNEP IETC (2000) document.

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