scholarly journals The Transition to Parenthood in the French and German Speaking Parts of Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regula Zimmermann ◽  
Jean-Marie LeGoff
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Labor Division ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
The Family ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Depth Interviews

After the first transition to parenthood, most couples adopt a gendered labor division, where mothers become main caregivers and fathers breadwinners of the family. By comparing two distinct language regions within one country, the present article explores how parents’ gendered labor division comes into existence and what role gendered culture and social policy play. The analysis draws on in-depth interviews with 23 German speaking and 73 French speaking participants from Switzerland. The results reveal that French speaking women and men presume an egalitarian labor division as parents. In German speaking regions, however, participants anticipate that mothers will become the main caregivers and fathers the breadwinners. It is shown that the labor market structure, which is in line with the male breadwinner norm, contributes to men’s full-time employment, whereas mothers’ labor market insertion is influenced by the acceptance of non-parental childcare and to a lesser extent by the offer of childcare facilities. Further, mothers experience more time conflicts than fathers, and the less mothers’ paid work is accepted, the more they suffer from feelings of guilt when being employed.

scholarly journals Unclear Signals, Uncertain Prospects: The Labor Market Consequences of Freelancing in the New Economy

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan D Mai
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Contingent Work ◽  
Employer Perceptions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Market Consequences ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract The advent of various types of contingent jobs complicates selection criteria for full-time employment. While previous studies analyzed the penalties associated with other forms of contingent work, the labor market consequences of freelancing have been overlooked. I argue that freelancing works have features of both “good” and “bad” jobs, transcend the demarcation between “primary” and “secondary” sectors implied by segmentation theorists, and thus embed uncertainty around their categorization and meaning. Drawing on the “signal clarity” concept from management scholarship, I extend existing sociological works on employer perceptions of candidates by proposing a model to theorize how a history of freelancing affects workers’ prospects at the hiring stage. I present results from two interrelated studies. First, I use a field experiment that involves submitting nearly 12,000 fictitious resumes to analyze the causal effect of a freelancing work history on the likelihood of getting callbacks. The experiment reveals that freelancing decreases workers’ odds of securing full-time employment by about 30 percent. Second, I use data from 42 in-depth interviews with hiring officers to illustrate two mechanisms that could account for that observed effect. Interview data demonstrate that freelancing sends decidedly unclear competence signals: employers are hesitant to hire freelancers not because these candidates lack skills but because verifying these skills is difficult. Freelancing also sends clearer and negative commitment signals. This study sheds new lights on labor market segmentation theory and deepens our understanding of how nonstandard work operates as a vehicle for inequality in the new economy.

Home, front, and mobile phones: The case of the Second Lebanon War

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hananel Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Home Front ◽  
High Price ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Time Availability ◽  
Senior Officers ◽  
Second Lebanon War ◽  
The Military ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper deals with the cellphone’s role in the Second Lebanon War. Via in-depth interviews (N=20) with officers and combat soldiers, the study shows how soldiers’ cellular devices served a range of objectives: military, personal documentary, communication with home and family, and updating the home front and other battle sectors. On the military level, cellular enables the generation of the “cellular buddy” phenomenon, or the ability to consult with extra-organizational parties — such as friends who are former senior officers — which led to impeding the army’s internal chain of command. On the personal-experiential level, this section presents the “availability conflict” that the soldiers described, between their desire to be in touch with home during the war and the high price thereof. Full-time availability and the lack of ability to disconnect “brings” the home front, the home, and the family directly to the battlefield, thus affecting the soldiers’ already-complex experiential and mental state.

The Gender Dimensions of Job Insecurity in a Local Labour Market

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickie Charles ◽  
Emma James
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Manufacturing Organization ◽  
Full Time Employment

Increasing job insecurity has been associated with the proliferation of nonstandard forms of employment. In order to explore this association, in-depth interviews with 55 women and 56 men were carried out in three different organizations in a local labour market in South Wales. The organizations were in manufacturing, retail and the public sector. The manufacturing organization was characterized by male, full-time employment while the others were female-dominated with various forms of non-standard employment. Levels of insecurity were highest in manufacturing and lowest in retail. Respondents distinguished three types of job insecurity: post, employer and labour market insecurity. There were gender differences in experiences and perceptions of job insecurity, with women feeling less insecure than men. This related to the availability of jobs for women and younger people in the local labour market, women's willingness to take `any' job and the continuing strength of male breadwinner ideology. At an individual level job insecurity is regarded as equally serious for women and men. Our findings question the association of job insecurity with non-standard forms of employment and suggest that the way job insecurity is experienced cannot be fully understood unless it is seen in the context of home as well as work.

scholarly journals THE PROLIFERATION AND CONSEQUENCES OF TEMPORARY HELP WORK: A CROSS-BORDER COMPARISON

Just Labour ◽  
1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Van Arsdale ◽  
Michael Mandarino
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Temporary Help ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Depth Interviews

In the summer of 2008, we set out to hear from Ontario’s growingpopulation of temporary help workers, also known as, temporary serviceworkers. Having already conducted studies of temporary help workers in theUnited States, we sought to compare the working conditions of temporaryworkers in Ontario to those of workers south of theborder. We visitedtemporary agencies in Toronto and conducted in-depth interviews with over adozen temporary help workers. Their circumstancesare not unlike those of theirU.S. counterparts — they are not adequately rewarded for their vital on-call rolein contemporary capitalism and they become “stuck”in this relatively new typeof work, unable to find and secure full-time employment.

scholarly journals Part-time or Full-time Employment: Choices and Constraints

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Ingstad ◽  
Marianne Hedlund
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Nursing Profession ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Typical Part ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Employment Choices ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Working Hour ◽  
The Welfare State

This article explores nurses’ working-hour practices in Norwegian nursing homes through a career path. Although the nursing profession is dominated by women and is a typical part-time occupation, this study found variations in working-hour patterns among nurses. These variations suggest that nurses not only have different career patterns but also that the working hours of individual nurses vary throughout a career. The analysis highlights different contextual factors that influence nurses’ working hours during their careers. The findings are based on data collected through in-depth interviews with 22 nurses over the age of 56. As a result, we conclude that the working-hour patterns of nurses are constructed out of interactions among the welfare state, the labor market, and family practices, meaning that workinghour patterns can be influenced and changed.

scholarly journals Is There Less Labor Market Exclusion of People With Ill Health in “Flexicurity” Countries? Comparative Evidence From Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, and Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Heggebø ◽  
Veerle Buffel
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Cross National

Higher employment rates among vulnerable groups is an important policy goal; it is therefore vital to examine which social policies, or mix of policies, are best able to incorporate vulnerable groups – such as people with ill health – into the labor market. We examine whether 2 “flexicurity” countries, Denmark and the Netherlands, have less labor market exclusion among people with ill health compared to the neighboring countries of Norway and Belgium. We analyze the 2 country pairs of Denmark–Norway and the Netherlands–Belgium using OLS regressions and propensity score kernel matching of EU-SILC panel data (2010–2013). Both unemployment and disability likelihood is remarkably similar for people with ill health across the 4 countries, despite considerable social policy differences. There are 3 possible explanations for the observed cross-national similarity. First, different social policy combinations could lead toward the same employment outcomes for people with ill health. Second, most policy instruments are located on the supply side, and demand side reasons for the observed “employment penalty” (e.g., employer skepticism/discrimination) are often neglected. Third, it is too demanding to hold (full-time) employment for a sizeable proportion of those who have poor health status.

scholarly journals Retirement decisions in a changing labor market

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Robert L. Clark ◽  
Joseph P. Newhouse
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Retirement Saving ◽  
Retirement Decisions ◽  
Full Time Employment

Abstract The papers in this volume examine a series of important questions that influence the transition from full time employment to complete retirement. Retirement is shown to be a process as individuals move from career jobs to bridge jobs to being out of the labor force. The articles examine the characteristics of bridge jobs and the employment conditions that older workers prefer. Analysis provided by the authors show the importance of saving throughout work life and how pension plans and retirement saving plans influence the timing of retirement.

Combining Employment with Childcare: An Escape From Dependence?

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Ward ◽  
Angela Dale ◽  
Heather Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Full Time Employment

ABSTRACTThe availability of childcare is an important factor in enabling motherhood to be combined with paid employment. This article uses evidence from the fifth sweep of the National Child Development Study to analyse the use of childcare by a cohort of employed women who were aged 33 in 1991. There is a heavy reliance on informal care by women in partnerships and also by lone mothers. Formal care is most heavily used by women whose youngest child is under five, especially if the woman works full-time. Reported costs of childcare represent nearly a quarter of net weekly earnings for mothers with a child under five. Formal childcare is shown to play an important role in facilitating women's full-time employment. Full-time employment is the route by which women achieve financial independence from their partner. It also increases the likelihood of contributing to an occupational pension which, in turn, has implications for financial independence in later life. However, the majority of women in this cohort do not take the full-time route. For these women, low earnings potential and part-time working make paid childcare uneconomic and reinforces both their role as minor financial contributors within the family and their lack of pension provision in later life.

scholarly journals The Experiences of Low German-Speaking Mennonite Men in Alternative Education Programs in Southwestern Ontario

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Brubacher ◽  
Stacey Wilson-Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Alternative Education ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Low German ◽  
Alternative Education Programs ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Full Time Employment

The tradition of leaving high school and finding full-time employment after grade 8 has put Low German-speaking (LGS) Mennonites in rural Southwestern Ontario in a vulnerable economic position. Consequently, alternative education programs have been developed by Ontario public school boards in areas containing high numbers of LGS Mennonites. The programs strive to keep LGS Mennonite youth in school by creating spaces where primarily male LGS Mennonite students feel more comfortable and can pursue a high school diploma while maintaining their religious beliefs, cultural identity, and work responsibilities. This article draws from qualitative interview data and open-ended survey responses to explore perceptions of LGS Mennonite men’s experiences in alternative education programs, and it highlights factors that caused the men to avoid or leave the programs. This article offers recommendations on how to strengthen the programs to increase the number of LGS Mennonite students attending them. It emphasizes the importance of LGS Mennonite students receiving strong messages from educators that their language, culture, and religious beliefs are valued even if that means separating the youth from Canadian society rather than integrating them on equal terms to minimize their marginalization.

Employment Prospects and Skill Acquisition of Apprenticeship-Trained Workers in Germany

ILR Review ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Winkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Job Stability ◽  
Apprenticeship Training ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
Full Time Employment

Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for 1984–90, the author analyzes the entrance of young individuals into the German labor market, comparing the experience of apprenticeship graduates to that of graduates from universities, full-time vocational schools, and secondary schools. Apprentices experienced fewer unemployment spells in the transition to their first full-time employment than did non-apprentices. Among apprentices, those trained in large firms had the smoothest transition to employment; once employed, however, apprentices (whether they stayed in their training firm or not) and non-apprentices had similar job stability (as measured by tenure). An estimated 70% of apprenticeship trainees left their training firm within a five-year period. These findings are consistent with the view that apprenticeship training develops general, portable skills rather than firm-specific skills.

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