scholarly journals Rural Cohesion: Collective Efficacy and Leadership in the Territorial Governance of Inclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Jørgensen ◽  
Mia Arp Fallov ◽  
Maria Casado-Diaz ◽  
Rob Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Local Leadership ◽  
Peripheral Location

This article is a comparative study of the contextual conditions for collective efficacy and territorial governance of social cohesion in two different rural localities: West Dorset in England and Lemvig in Denmark. The objective is to understand the conditions for and relations between neo-endogenous development and rural social cohesion in two different national contexts. Common to both cases are problems of demographic change, particularly loss of young people, depopulation, economic challenges and their peripheral location vis-à-vis the rest of the country. However, in West Dorset, community identity is fragmented compared to Lemvig, and this has consequences for how well local ‘collective efficacy’ (Sampson, 2012) transfers to more strategic levels of local development. These include not only variations in welfare settings and governance, but also variations in settlement structure and place identity (Jørgensen, Knudsen, Fallov, & Skov, 2016), collective efficacy, and the role of local leadership (Beer & Clower, 2014), which structure the conditions for rural development. While Lemvig is characterized by close interlocking relations between local government, business and civil society, this is less the case in England where centralization of powers in tandem with a dramatic restructuring of service delivery forms (e.g., contracting out, privatisation) have had damaging effects on these types of interlocking relations. Comparing these cases through the lens of the combined concepts of collective efficacy and place based leadership contribute to the understanding of rural development as not only relations between intra- and extra-local connections but also formal and informal forms of collective action and leadership.

The Magic of Mesosystems, Seedbeds of Solidarity

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-94
Author(s):  
Barbara Bennett Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Community School ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Friendly Competition

Chapter four explores how the activities and relationships occurring in the spaces where microsystems overlap function as seedbeds of solidarity, generating a shared sense of identity, fostering social cohesion and transforming “other people’s children” into “our children.” The author focuses on interactions among the primary social institutions comprising children’s microsystems: family, faith community, school, peer group, and neighbourhood. Drawing on observations from the villages under study, the author illustrates the dynamic created when these social institutions cooperate, collaborate and even engage in friendly competition in support of the community’s children. The chapter highlights the role of rituals and traditions in building community identity and solidarity in both villages. It explores how village identity can endure across time and distance in migrants’ attachments to their home towns. In closing, it predicts further erosion of community identity due to global economic policies and divisive political movements.

scholarly journals The role of evolution and invention of tradition in identity and the built environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 551-561
Author(s):  
Robert Adam
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dual Inheritance Theory ◽  
Invented Traditions ◽  
Dual Inheritance

Tradition is often presented as simply the past and a static phenomenon. This view can be shared by some supporters of tradition in architecture and urbanism, leading to a valorisation of literal past form and detail. Social analysis of tradition acknowledges that it is a more complex and not static phenomenon. At the same time, the concept of the invention of tradition is widely used to discredit tradition itself. This paper departs from the work of Halbwachs and subsequent studies on collective identity, Boyd and Richerson on Dual Inheritance Theory, Shils on the ubiquity of tradition and Cohen on the sociology of identity, amongst others. This is combined with case studies in the evolution and invention of tradition. The paper presents the applicability of changing and invented traditions that foment social cohesion and how their use in design can respond to community identity.

scholarly journals Village Morphology and the Construction of Place Identity in the Aihui Area along the Heilongjiang River, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wei ◽  
Yang Yani ◽  
Dong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Construction Of Place ◽  
The Village

Place identity is the emotional connection between people and a place. It is significant for local development and people’s satisfaction and happiness in where they reside. The physical environment is one of the most important factors affecting people’s emotions toward a place. In order to clarify the theoretical analytical framework of the process from village space morphology to place identity, this study takes the area of Aihui along the Heilongjiang River, China, as an example. The research was conducted regarding two aspects: First, we analyzed the space morphology of the villages in the Aihui district and interpreted their locality. On this basis, we conducted a survey of villagers’ subjective perceptions of the village space and their place identity through in-depth interviews. From the collected interview texts, we extracted, verified, and analyzed the role of morphological constituents in the construction of place identity. Finally, a comprehensive framework was established. The features of space morphology are the projections of locality in physical space. People use morphological constituents to construct an image of the village and scenes of local life; morphological constituents with local characteristics can help enhance people’s place identity.

scholarly journals The role of European funds in developing and sustaining rural entrepreneurship in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Florina Răzvanţă Puie
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Local Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Government

AbstractWith the integration into the European Union (EU) in 2007, growth opportunities have arisen for Romania. In terms of rural area and agriculture, National Rural Development Programs (NRDPs) are implemented, through which funds are granted from the European Union and the Government of Romania, for the economic and social development of the rural area. In this context, entrepreneurial initiatives for rural development have been encouraged, and many SMEs were given the opportunity to be eligible for European funding. The NRDP 2014-2020 continues the efforts for rural development, through strategic objectives, allowing entrepreneurs to implement their business ideas and sustain the development of the rural communities. The paper aims to analyze how the European funding influences the development of rural entrepreneurship in Romania. The study will comprise an analysis of the existing results of the NRDP 2014-2020, referring to annual evaluation indicators of the project implementation (number of jobs created in supported projects, percentage of rural population targeted by local development strategies, etc.). The methodology focuses on interpretation of the latest statistical data from trusted sources, as well as analysis of the official documents and reports (e.g. NRDP 2014-2020 annual report). This paper will contribute with accurate results and discussions concerning the role of EU funds for the rural communities. Also, the study will describe some of the challenges that Romanian rural entrepreneurship still faces after implementation of European funding programs and unresolved issues.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (3) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Adamowicz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Area Development ◽  
The Eu

The objective of the study, on the basis of problem literature, is the presentation of theoretical concepts referring to rural development and practical support programmes of these areas available in Poland and the European Union (EU). In this context, rural areas are presented as the reference area for development policies, with particular consideration for the Cohesion Policy (CP), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), including the EU Rural Area Development Programme (RADP). Among the theoretical rural development concepts, particular attention was devoted to sustainable and balanced development forming the basis for shaping practical development programmes and identifying new theoretical approaches. The latter encompassed the smart rural areas concept, the resilience concept, local development programming, bottom-up endogenous development and the neo-endogenous concept of open development. It was concluded that the LEADER and LEADER+ neo-endogenous concept is an effective form of supporting rural area development, especially after the fifth extension of the EU with Central and Eastern European countries.

Regional and Local Development

2009 ◽  
pp. 35-58
Author(s):  
Gioacchino Garofoli
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Local System ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Productive Systems

- (Paper first received, April 2009; in final form, July 2009) The paper deals with the changing features of regional development in the last decades and the changing research approach to them, seeking to identify the contributions of Italian scholars to the international debate. The ‘regional development divide' of the 1970s induced Italian scholars to shift to analysis of new models of productive organisation underlying the active role of the territory in the development process. A crucial role was played by the model of industrial districts, which stressed that development can be achieved on the basis of SMEs and on specific local resources. The paper also deals with the ‘local productive systems' determined by a close interaction between economy, society and territory which produces external economies and collective efficiency. The paper concludes by drawing some policy lessons for backward regions.Keywords: local system, industrial district, endogenous development, external economiesJEL Classification: O18, O20, O30, R12, R58

scholarly journals Role of the landscape in spatial and rural development

2012 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Gábor Kerékgyártó
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Landscape Changes

The study is going to reveal the role of landscape potential in spatial and rural development based on the analyses of scientific literature. The target area of the research is three micro regions in Hajdú-Bihar county. In addition to the analyses of scientific literature the study pays attention to the assay of local development concepts and programmes. The conclusion of the study is that the analyses of landscape changes on micro regional level are obstructed by the lack of micro regional spatial development and substantive landscape plans.

scholarly journals Local Governance and Rural Development Practices in Nepal

NUTA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Suman Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The People ◽  
Skilled Manpower ◽  
Institutional Capability

Local governance particularly means democratic participation of the stakeholders in local development. In this process, rural development creates productive environment for market-led and environment friendly development that enrich quality of life of the people. The landscapes of local governance and rural development have been changing with new way of understanding. International communities are now realizing the transformative role of local governance and education. Nepalese government also has been facing many challenges while implementing local governance and rural development efforts. In this context, this paper reflectively appraised local governance and rural development practices of Nepal from decentralization theory and capability approach. However, subsequent discussions are presented based on secondary data, information and literatures. My discussions show that government of Nepal implemented local self-governance act-1999 for proper decentralization of power/jurisdiction in grassroots. Even though, since two decades local governance mechanisms are working with less capable staff and without elected bodies. For implementation of new constitution-2015, federal government restructured 753 local governance units. In that situation this paper came up with the argument that government mechanism need to foster institutional capability by mobilizing skilled manpower for implementing devolved 22 power/jurisdictions in local levels.

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