scholarly journals Management and rehabilitation of patients with persistent olfactory disorders (hypo- and anosmia) (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
V.    B. Voitenkov ◽  
E. V. Ekusheva ◽  
G. V. Lavrenova ◽  
N.   V. Skripchenko ◽  
M. A. Bedova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Ethmoid Bone ◽  
Common View ◽  
Olfactory Training ◽  
Stimulation Of

We present a review of the literature and our own data on the management and rehabilitation of impairment or persis‑tent loss of the olfactory function – hypo‑ and anosmia. Approaches for restoring impaired olfactory function can be divided into olfactory training, pharmacological and physiotherapy. Smell training is carried out according to a number of protocols that differ mainly in the used arsenal of smells, as well as in the frequency of their presentation. Pharma‑cologically, it is proposed to use steroids used both topically (intranasally) and systemically; there is no common view on the effectiveness of this approach. Physiotherapy involve electrical stimulation of the olfactory filaments in the area of their exit into the nasal cavity (lateral masses of the ethmoid bone). In our opinion the most rational approach is the use of training methods using different smells.

Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve and Auditory Prostheses: A Review of the Literature

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bilger
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Auditory Prostheses ◽  
Stimulation Of

The literature dealing with implanted auditory prostheses is reviewed in terms of experimental studies in men and animals.

Factors associated with relevant olfactory recovery after olfactory training: a retrospective study including 601 participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
D.T. Liu ◽  
R. Pellegrino ◽  
M. Sabha ◽  
A. Aytug ◽  
M. Damm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Olfactory Test ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Olfactory Training

Objective: Olfactory training (OT) represents a therapeutic option for multiple etiologies of olfactory dysfunction (OD) that also benefits normosmic subjects. In this retrospective study, we report the effectiveness of OT and factors associated with relevant changes in olfactory function (OF) in large groups of normosmic participants and patients with OD, including a control group that performed no training. Methods: This was a retrospective pooled analysis including 2 treatment cohorts of 8 previously published studies. Adult participants that either presented with the major complaint of quantitative OD or normosmic volunteers were recruited at various ENT clinics and received OT or no training. The outcome was based on changes in objective olfactory test scores after OT. Results: A total of 601 patients with OD or normosmic subjects were included. OT was more effective compared to no training. No interaction was found between OT and OF. In multivariate analysis, higher baseline OF (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 0.93) and posttraumatic (aOR, 0.29) or idiopathic OD (aOR, 0.18) compared to postinfectious causes were significantly associated with lower odds of relevant improvements in patients with OD receiving OT. Subgroup analysis of normosmic participants receiving OT further revealed a significant association of lower age and baseline olfactory function with improvements of overall OF. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that OT was more effective than no training in patients with various causes of OD. Additionally, baseline olfactory performance and etiology of OD were identified as important factors associated with relevant improvements after OT.

Pneumomediastinum: A Rare Presentation of Inflicted Injuries in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee ◽  
Adam Bajinting ◽  
Abby Lunneen ◽  
Colleen M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Gustavo A. Villalona
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Nonaccidental Trauma ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
History Of

AbstractReports of incidental pneumomediastinum in infants secondary to inflicted trauma are limited. A retrospective review of infants with pneumomediastinum and history of inflicted trauma was performed. A comprehensive literature review was performed. Three infants presented with pneumomediastinum associated with inflicted trauma. Mean age was 4.6 weeks. All patients underwent diagnostic studies, as well as a standardized evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. All patients with pneumomediastinum were resolved at follow-up. Review of the literature identified other cases with similar presentations with related oropharyngeal injuries. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in previously healthy infants may be associated with inflicted injuries. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an oropharyngeal perforation related to this presentation.

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