FLOWER FORMATION IN BEGONIA BOWERI II.INFLUENCE OF NUMBER AND POSITION OF LEAVES AND CRITICAL LEAF AREA FOR INDUCTION

1983 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
K. Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flower Formation

Interaction between lateral branch growth and pod set in primary inflorescences of lupin

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Porter
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Branch Growth ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Lateral Branches

In Lupinus angustifolius, L. luteus and L. mutabilis, flower formation and pod set were largely independent of the basal lateral branches. Partial or complete removal of lateral branches near the primary inflorescence increased the number of flowers formed and pods set. Flower formation was unaffected by most of the experimental treatments and was most closely correlated with the main-stem leaf area in L. angustifolius and L, mutabilis. Loss of leaf area from the main stem reduced flower formation and pod set more in L. mutabilis than in L. angustifolius. Leaves on lateral branches did not contribute significantly to flower formation or pod set in the presence of main-stem leaves, but could compensate for losses of main-stem leaves in L. mutabilis, especially when the upper lateral branches were intact and actively growing. Removal of all growing points from the upper lateral branches enhanced pod set. These findings suggest that crop management can increase pod set on primary inflorescences in lupin crops that have limited water in early summer, by bringing about a temporary restriction in upper lateral branch growth during the pod-setting process. It is concluded that the effect of lateral branch growth is more significant in the control of pod set in lupin species than the autonomous control by abscisic acid.

scholarly journals Rootstock Effects on the Flowering of `Delicious' Apple. II. Nutritional Effects with Specific Reference to Phosphorus

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Hirst ◽  
David C. Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

In each of 3 years, vegetative spurs were sampled from l-year-old wood of `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) growing on B.9, M.26 EMLA, M.7 EMLA, P.18, and seedling rootstocks. Mineral concentrations of spur leaves and bud apical meristems were determined, and related to spur bud development. The spur leaf P concentration decreased during the growing season each year, hut was unaffected by rootstock. Spur leaves of trees on B.9 rootstock had 30% higher Ca concentrations than trees on M.26 EMLA or seedling rootstocks. In each year, trees growing on M.26 EMLA rootstocks had the highest leaf Mg concentrations. Mineral concentrations were generally unrelated to spur leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight, or specific leaf weight. Phosphorus concentrations in spur bud apical meristems declined during two of the three growing seasons of the study and were unaffected by rootstock. Bud P concentration was weakly negatively related to bud diameter and bud appendage number in one year of the study. More vigorous spurs (as indicated by higher spur leaf number, leaf area, and leaf dry weight) had higher bud K levels during each year. No relationships between bud development and either spur leaf mineral concentration or bud apical meristem mineral levels were evident, suggesting that a direct role of mineral nutrition influenced by rootstock at the site of flower formation was unlikely.

scholarly journals Effect of Fruiting and Biennial Bearing Potential on Spur Quality and Leaf Gas Exchange in Apple

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Mokhles A. Elsysy ◽  
Michael V. Mickelbart ◽  
Peter M. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Carbohydrate Status

Uniform annual apple (Malus ×domestica) fruit production is highly dependent on consistent flower formation from year to year, as inconsistent flowering can lead to the biennial bearing observed in some high-value cultivars. The presence of fruit on a spur has been considered the main cause of the expression of biennial bearing and the inhibition of flower initiation, with a number of theories being introduced to explain the phenomenon. In the current experiment, individual spurs of annual bearing cultivars (Gala, Ruby Jon, and Pink Lady) and biennial bearing cultivars (Honeycrisp, Fuji, and Golden Delicious) were thinned to a single fruit or completely defruited at petal fall. Spurs were sampled at the end of the growing season. Effects of fruiting on spur characteristics such as spur and bourse leaf area, stomatal density, leaf gas exchange, and flower formation were determined. Across all cultivars, the presence of fruit on a spur did not affect spur characteristics or flower formation compared with nonfruiting spurs. Similarly, flowering was unaffected by those factors associated with greater spur carbohydrate status, such as bourse leaf area and assimilation rate. Cultivars with greater transpiration and stomatal conductance (gs) rates had lower rates of flower formation. Future studies should focus on xylem flow and expression of genes regulating flowering and plant growth regulators in annual and biennial bearing cultivars.

scholarly journals The Role of Spur Leaves, Bourse Leaves, and Fruit on Local Flower Formation in Apple: An Approach to Understanding Biennial Bearing

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1229-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokhles A. Elsysy ◽  
Peter M. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Biennial Bearing

Lack of consistent flower formation is the underlying cause of biennial bearing. Flower formation in apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) has been associated with different factors, such as leaf area, shoot growth, bourse length, crop load, and seed number. However, it is unclear how these different factors interact to promote or inhibit flower formation. The effect of spur defoliation, fruit removal, and their interaction were evaluated on spur flower formation and bourse length in annual-bearing ‘Gala’ and the biennial-bearing ‘Honeycrisp’. Eight different combinations of spur defoliation and fruiting treatments were applied in three consecutive springs, 2013–15. Bourse shoot defoliation and fruiting treatments inhibited spur flower formation in both cultivars, but in different patterns from year to year. In addition, spur leaf defoliation did not affect flower formation in either cultivar. Furthermore, local defoliation and fruiting treatments did not affect bourse length. We propose that bourse leaves play a major role in both producing and transporting flower formation signals, but the effect depends on cultivar.

IMPACT OF FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF VIGNA RADIATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA DIXIT ◽  
R. K. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Length

Currently, a real challenge for the workers in the agricultural research field is to stop or reduce the use of expensive agrochemicals/ chemical fertilizers which are hazardous to the environment as well as human health. Present study was aimed to improve the growth and obtain optimum yield of Vigna crop with eco-friendly, non-toxic way and to reduce the use of agrochemical/chemical fertilizer application in agricultural activities. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of chemical fertilizer (DAP) and biofertilizer ( Rhizobium strain) separately and in combination on seed germination and seedling growth (at 30 days) based on morphological parameters such as seedling length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and leaf area (cm)2 of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. After one month (30 Days) observations, it was found that seedling length, fresh and dry weights and leaf area were maximum in T4 and minimum in T15, T7 and T8 favored improved seedling length and leaf area whereas T7, T8, and T9 favored improved fresh and dry weights as compared to control.

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