ANTI-SNAKE VENOM PREPARATIONS FROM AFRICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

Snake bite envenoming causes high rates of morbidity and mortality and is one of the serious health-related concerns all over the globe. Around 3200 species of snakes have been discovered till date. Amid these species, about 1300 species of snakes are venomous. On account of its severity, World Health Organization (WHO) recently included snakebite envenoming in the list of neglected tropical diseases. Immunotherapy has partially solved the issues related to snakebite envenomation. However, it is associated with numerous adverse effects, due to which alternative treatment strategies are required for the treatment of snakebite. Traditionally, a large repository of herbal medicinal plants is known to possess activity against snake venom. An exploration of the therapeutic benefits of these medicinal plants used for the treatment of snakebites reveals the presence of various potential phytochemicals. The aim of the present review is to provide an outline regarding poisonous snakes all over the world, various compositions of snake venom, adverse effects related to anti-snake venom and numerous medicinal plants used for the anti-ophidian activity.

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Anti-snake venom potential of Clerodendrum serratum extracts on Bungarus caeruleus and Daboia russelii venom

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v13i2.36597 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Shwetha Vasudev ◽

Sunil Shivajirao More ◽

Gautham Santhekadur Annappa ◽

Veena Sunil More

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Snake Venom ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Video Clip ◽

Snake Bite ◽

Phospholipase A ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Full Screen ◽

Fibrinogenolytic Activity

Anti-snake venom therapy is the only treatment for snake bite but leads to acute and chronic conditions which may be severe. The medicinal plants have gained importance over years to find an effective alternative to anti-snake venom. The present study focused on evaluating the potential of Clerodendrum serratum for the anti-snake venom activity. Phytochemicals were extracted from the C. serratum with different solvents. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were found to neutralize the major enzyme toxins (phospholipase A2, protease and hyaluronidase) of Bungarus caeruleus and Daboia russelii venom at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The fibrinogenolytic activity of both the venoms were neutralized. The study proves that the plant C. serratum possesses certain compounds which inhibit the toxins present in the venom of B. caeruleus and D. russelii.Video Clip of Methodology:Hyaluronidase assay: 3 min 30 sec <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/Xz5C6bbwgW0">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xz5C6bbwgW0">Alternate</a>

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Snake venom neutralization by Indian medicinal plants (Vitex negundo and Emblica officinalis) root extracts

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00049-7 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

M.I Alam ◽

A Gomes

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Snake Venom ◽

Vitex Negundo ◽

Emblica Officinalis ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Indian Medicinal Plants

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Antihaemolytic and snake venom neutralizing effect of some Indian medicinal plants

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60185-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 743-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chidambaram Kumarapppan ◽

Albert Jaswanth ◽

Karpagam Kumarasunderi

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Snake Venom ◽

Indian Medicinal Plants

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PHYTOPHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIALS OF PROSOPIS LAEVIGATA, SYMPLOCOS COCHINCHINENSIS AND NYMPHAEA ALBA: A REVIEW

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.20316 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Diksha Matta ◽

Harshit Nanda ◽

Gayathri Mahalingam

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Drug Design ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Snake Venom ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Heart Attacks ◽

Therapeutic Applications ◽

Nymphaea Alba ◽

Medicinal Properties

Medicinal plants are used from a very long interval of time for treatment of several diseases. In this review, we present detailed information about the diversified medicinal properties of three different plants, namely, Prosopis laevigata, Symplocos cochinchinensis, and Nymphaea alba. The different medicinal properties found in these three unexplored plants can have industrial applications in the treatment of peculiar diseases such as heart attacks and hypercholestriamia. The typical medicinal properties found in these plant’s antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial activity, which suggests that all these plants can be used in drug design and modeling at commercial level. The unique properties of P. laevigata include anti-biofilm and anti-corrosion activities. The exclusive properties found in S. cochinchinensis include anti-snake venom activity and anticancer activity. The rare properties of N. alba include uterotonic and anxiolytic activities. Combining all these activities, we compare all the properties in these plants and hence conclude with the future therapeutic applications in drug design of these plants.

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Anti-5 ′ -Nucleotidases (5 ′ -ND) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Activities of Medicinal Plants to Combat Echis carinatus Venom-Induced Toxicities

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6631042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Nazia Aslam ◽

Syeda Fatima ◽

Sofia Khalid ◽

Shahzad Hussain ◽

Mughal Qayum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Snake Venom ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Alternative Therapy ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Nucleotidase Activity ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Echis Carinatus

Echis carinatus is one of the highly venomous snakes of Pakistan that is responsible for numerous cases of envenomation and deaths. In Pakistan, medicinal plants are commonly used traditionally for snakebite treatment because of their low cost and easy availability in comparison with antivenom. The current research is aimed at evaluating the inhibitory activity of Pakistani medicinal plants against acetylcholinesterase and 5 ′ -nucleotidases present in Echis carinatus venom. Acetylcholinesterase and 5 ′ -nucleotidase enzymatic assays were performed at different venom concentrations to check the activity of these enzymes. Methanolic extracts from different parts of plants were used for in vitro determination of their inhibitory activity against 5 ′ -nucleotidases in snake venom. Active methanolic extracts were subsequently fractioned using different solvents, and these fractions were also assessed for their anti-5 ′ -nucleotidase activity. Results of this study exhibited that Eugenia jambolana Willd. ex O. Berg, Rubia cordifolia L., Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br., Calotropis procera (Wild.) R. Br., Curcuma longa L., and Fagonia arabica L. were able to significantly ( p > 0.5 ) neutralize the 5 ′ -nucleotidase activity by 88%, 86%, 86%, 85%, 83.7%, and 83%, respectively, compared with a standard antidote (snake venom antiserum). Thus, this study indicates that these plants possess the potential to neutralize one of the toxic enzymatic components of Echis carinatus venom and hence can help to augment the future efforts of developing alternative therapy for the management of snakebites.

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