scholarly journals Anti-snake venom potential of Clerodendrum serratum extracts on Bungarus caeruleus and Daboia russelii venom

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Shwetha Vasudev ◽  
Sunil Shivajirao More ◽  
Gautham Santhekadur Annappa ◽  
Veena Sunil More
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Phospholipase A ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Full Screen ◽  
Fibrinogenolytic Activity

<p class="Abstract">Anti-snake venom therapy is the only treatment for snake bite but leads to acute and chronic conditions which may be severe. The medicinal plants have gained importance over years to find an effective alternative to anti-snake venom. The present study focused on evaluating the potential of <em>Clerodendrum serratum</em> for the anti-snake venom activity. Phytochemicals were extracted from the <em>C. serratum</em> with different solvents. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were found to neutralize the major enzyme toxins (phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>, protease and hyaluronidase) of <em>Bungarus caeruleus</em> and <em>Daboia russelii</em> venom at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The fibrinogenolytic activity of both the venoms were neutralized. The study proves that the plant <em>C. serratum</em> possesses certain compounds which inhibit the toxins present in the venom of <em>B. caeruleus</em> and <em>D. russelii</em>.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p class="Abstract">Hyaluronidase assay:   3 min  30 sec   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/Xz5C6bbwgW0">Full Screen</a>    <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xz5C6bbwgW0">Alternate</a></p>

Anti-Ophidian Properties of Herbal Medicinal Plants: Could it be a Remedy for Snake Bite Envenomation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhamay Panda ◽  
Leena Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Health Organization

Snake bite envenoming causes high rates of morbidity and mortality and is one of the serious health-related concerns all over the globe. Around 3200 species of snakes have been discovered till date. Amid these species, about 1300 species of snakes are venomous. On account of its severity, World Health Organization (WHO) recently included snakebite envenoming in the list of neglected tropical diseases. Immunotherapy has partially solved the issues related to snakebite envenomation. However, it is associated with numerous adverse effects, due to which alternative treatment strategies are required for the treatment of snakebite. Traditionally, a large repository of herbal medicinal plants is known to possess activity against snake venom. An exploration of the therapeutic benefits of these medicinal plants used for the treatment of snakebites reveals the presence of various potential phytochemicals. The aim of the present review is to provide an outline regarding poisonous snakes all over the world, various compositions of snake venom, adverse effects related to anti-snake venom and numerous medicinal plants used for the anti-ophidian activity.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ANALYSES OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF CERATHOTECA SESAMOIDES AND CHROMOLAENA ODORATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Abubakar M. A. ◽  
A. C. Etonihu ◽  
Kigbu P. E. ◽  
J. E. Owuna ◽  
S. I. Audu
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
World Population ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

It was reported in 2005 during WHO survey that about 70-80% of the world population use medicinal plants either in their crude unmodified form or partially in their modified semi-synthetic form of plant sources in their primary healthcare. The present study investigated the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts of Cerathoteca sesamoides and Chromolaena odorata to ascertain their potentials in herbal medicine. Fresh leaf of the plants obtained from Lafia in Nasarawa State, Nigeria were dried, powdered, and subjected to methanolic extraction, partition, phytochemical, and antimicrobial analyses using standard methods. Partitions from n-hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and residue extracts were tested against clinical bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungus Candida albicans. Among the four different solvents used in partitioning methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of both plants contain flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, and cardiac glycosides. Saponins were absent in the n-hexane and chloroform extracts of C. odorata and the ethyl acetate extract of C. sesamoides. While flavonoids were present in the n-hexane extracts of C. odorata, they were absent in C. sesamoides. Anthraquinone and reducing sugar were absent in all the solvent extracts of both medicinal plants. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that n-hexane and residue extracts of both plants had no activity against the tested microorganisms. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of C. sesamoides and C. odorata (at 12.5 mg/ml) were active against all the tested clinical bacteria K. spp., E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The methanolic extracts of both plants were active against the bacterial isolates but inactive against C. albicans. The minimum bactericidal concentration of these plant extracts was ≥50 mg, while the minimum inhibition concentrations ranged between 12.5 mg and ≥50 mg. The findings showed that the chloroform or ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of these plant drugs could be used to treat urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Larvicidal, leishmanicidal, insecticidal and anthelmintic effects of Sterculia diversifolia stem bark and leaf

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazle Rabbi ◽  
Amir Zada ◽  
Amna Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Full Screen

The present study was conducted to evaluate the stem bark and leaf of Sterculia diversifolia for larvicidal, leishmanicidal, insecticidal and anthelmintic activities. In the larvicidal activity, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of both stem bark and leaf showed significant results, while the ethyl acetate fraction showed mild activity (IC50: 70.09 ± 0.09 μg/mL; 71.25 ± 0.01 μg/mL). In the insecticidal activity of the stem bark, n-hexane fraction showed mild activity (20-40% mortality) against all three subjects, while the insecticidal activity of leaf, methanolic extract and n-hexane fractions showed moderate activity (60% mortality) against Rhyzopertha dominica and Callosobruchus analis. In the anthelmintic activity of stem bark and leaf, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited activity in a dose-dependent manner giving time of paralysis and death shorter followed by dichloromethane fraction with 200 mg/mL concentration. Hence, it is clear that S. diversifolia stem bark and leaf possess larvicidal, leishmanicidal, insecticidal and anthelmintic agents. Video Clip of Methodology: Anthelmintic Activity: 5 min 29 sec:  Full Screen   Alternate  

scholarly journals Isolation and antifungal screening of endophytic fungi from Erigeron canadensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelian Bai ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Tongfei Lai ◽  
Yicong Li ◽  
Jiale Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Erigeron Canadensis ◽  
Full Screen

<p class="Abstract">Sixteen fungal strains isolated from the Erigeron canadensis, one of traditional Chinese medicines used to treat the pathogenic infection and dysentery, were evaluated for their antifungal activities against one human pathogen Candida albicans, and two phytopathogens, Colletotrichum fructicola and Rhizoctonia cerealis. The bioassay results indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of these fungal endophytes had stronger antimicrobial activities. Among these endophytic strains, the ethyl acetate extracts of strains NPR003 and NPR005 showed the strongest inhibitory effects and has potential application in the discovery of new antifungal agents. This was the first report on the isolation of endophytic fungi from E. canadensis and evaluation of their antifungal activities.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p class="Abstract">1  min 4 sec   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/EdohQU3anR4">Full Screen</a>   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdohQU3anR4">Alternate</a></p>

scholarly journals Anti-5 ′ -Nucleotidases (5 ′ -ND) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Activities of Medicinal Plants to Combat Echis carinatus Venom-Induced Toxicities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nazia Aslam ◽  
Syeda Fatima ◽  
Sofia Khalid ◽  
Shahzad Hussain ◽  
Mughal Qayum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Nucleotidase Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Echis Carinatus

Echis carinatus is one of the highly venomous snakes of Pakistan that is responsible for numerous cases of envenomation and deaths. In Pakistan, medicinal plants are commonly used traditionally for snakebite treatment because of their low cost and easy availability in comparison with antivenom. The current research is aimed at evaluating the inhibitory activity of Pakistani medicinal plants against acetylcholinesterase and 5 ′ -nucleotidases present in Echis carinatus venom. Acetylcholinesterase and 5 ′ -nucleotidase enzymatic assays were performed at different venom concentrations to check the activity of these enzymes. Methanolic extracts from different parts of plants were used for in vitro determination of their inhibitory activity against 5 ′ -nucleotidases in snake venom. Active methanolic extracts were subsequently fractioned using different solvents, and these fractions were also assessed for their anti-5 ′ -nucleotidase activity. Results of this study exhibited that Eugenia jambolana Willd. ex O. Berg, Rubia cordifolia L., Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br., Calotropis procera (Wild.) R. Br., Curcuma longa L., and Fagonia arabica L. were able to significantly ( p > 0.5 ) neutralize the 5 ′ -nucleotidase activity by 88%, 86%, 86%, 85%, 83.7%, and 83%, respectively, compared with a standard antidote (snake venom antiserum). Thus, this study indicates that these plants possess the potential to neutralize one of the toxic enzymatic components of Echis carinatus venom and hence can help to augment the future efforts of developing alternative therapy for the management of snakebites.

ANTI-SNAKE VENOM PREPARATIONS FROM AFRICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

1996 ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
B.K. Naomesi ◽  
J. Adotey ◽  
N.I.Y. Fiagbe
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Snake Venom

A Study on the variation of Apigenin content in Cardiospermum halicacabum from 21 districts of Tamil Nadu by HPTLC

2021 ◽  
pp. 2613-2618
Author(s):  
A Rajasekaran ◽  
V Abirami ◽  
S Arunkumar ◽  
Priya G Bharani ◽  
S Gugapriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Marker Compound ◽  
Aluminium Sheets ◽  
Hptlc Method

Cardiospermum halicacabum is one of the most potent medicinal plants used in Indian traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various diseases, mainly for arthritis. Apigenin is one of the major constituent present in Cardiospermum halicacabum. The present study mainly aimed to estimate the content of major constituent apigenin present in Cardiospermum halicacabum collected from 21 districts of Tamil Nadu by HPTLC method using the marker compound apigenin. The HPTLC method was performed using HPTLC aluminium sheets precoated with Silica Gel 60 GF254 as stationary phase and Toluene: Ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (3:6:1.6:0.4 v/v) as the mobile phase. The developed chromatogram was scanned at 254nm using Camag Scanner III. The Rf value of standard apigenin and apigenin in the leaf extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum was found to be in the range of 0.80 to 0.89. Plant collected from Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu was found to contain relatively high amount of marker compound apigenin than other regions.

scholarly journals CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY OF SOME INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Dora Babu Neerugatti ◽  
Ganga Rao Battu ◽  
Raviteja Bandla
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
New Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Indian Medicinal Plants

Objective: The current study is carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity activity of the methanolic extracts of some medicinal plants (Buchanania axillaris Desr, Tamilnadia ulignosa Retz, Phaseolus semierectus L and Stylosanthes fruticosa Retz).Methods: Cytotoxicity activity was evaluated on human cancer cell lines such as lung cancer (A549) and skin cancer (A431) using MTT assay method.Results: The selected plant extracts showed the dose-dependent cytotoxicity activity on the tested cell lines. The cytotoxicity variations on different cell lines were also observed for tested plants extracts. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was increased as the concentration of them was increased. Among all tested plants extracts Phaseolus semierectus showed the better cytotoxicity activity on tested cell lines.Conclusion: The results of the present study supported the folkloric usage of the studied plants and confirmed that the plant's extracts have the bioactive constituents with cytotoxic properties and their isolation can be useful for developing new anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals In vitro Antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant proprities of Rosemary extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2305-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Ben Ali ◽  
Kais Mnafgui ◽  
Abdelfattah Feki ◽  
Mohamed Damak ◽  
Noureddine Allouche
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
First Time

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem worldwide that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. Hence, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory potential of rosemary extracts on key-enzymes related to diabetes such as α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activities, as well as to assess their antioxidant properties in vitro. The IC50 values of Rosemary essential oil, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts against α-amylase were 28.36, 34.11 and 30.39 µg/mL respectively, and those against pancreatic lipase were 32.25, 36.64 and 34.07 µg/mL, suggesting strong anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of Rosemary. The methanolic extract was found to be the highest in levels of phenolic (282.98 µgGAE/mg extract) and flavonoids (161.05 µg QE /mg extract) contents as well as in the antioxidant activity (IC50 = 15.82 µg/mL) as compared to other extracts ethyl acetate (IC50 = 32.23 µg/mL) and essential oil  (IC50 = 96.12 µg/mL).Antioxidant efficacy of Rosemary extracts has been estimated in the stabilization of sunflower oil (SFO) at three different concentrations, i.e. 200 (SFO-200), 500 (SFO-500) and 1000 ppm (SFO-1000). Results showed the highest efficiency of SFO-1000.The results obtained in this study demonstrated for the first time that Rosemary is a potent source of natural inhibitors of α-amylase and pancreatic lipase with powerful antioxidants proprieties that might be used in the food stabilization and the prevention of diabetes and obesity complications as a complementary pharmacological drug.

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