scholarly journals Anti-5 ′ -Nucleotidases (5 ′ -ND) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Activities of Medicinal Plants to Combat Echis carinatus Venom-Induced Toxicities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nazia Aslam ◽  
Syeda Fatima ◽  
Sofia Khalid ◽  
Shahzad Hussain ◽  
Mughal Qayum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Nucleotidase Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Echis Carinatus

Echis carinatus is one of the highly venomous snakes of Pakistan that is responsible for numerous cases of envenomation and deaths. In Pakistan, medicinal plants are commonly used traditionally for snakebite treatment because of their low cost and easy availability in comparison with antivenom. The current research is aimed at evaluating the inhibitory activity of Pakistani medicinal plants against acetylcholinesterase and 5 ′ -nucleotidases present in Echis carinatus venom. Acetylcholinesterase and 5 ′ -nucleotidase enzymatic assays were performed at different venom concentrations to check the activity of these enzymes. Methanolic extracts from different parts of plants were used for in vitro determination of their inhibitory activity against 5 ′ -nucleotidases in snake venom. Active methanolic extracts were subsequently fractioned using different solvents, and these fractions were also assessed for their anti-5 ′ -nucleotidase activity. Results of this study exhibited that Eugenia jambolana Willd. ex O. Berg, Rubia cordifolia L., Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br., Calotropis procera (Wild.) R. Br., Curcuma longa L., and Fagonia arabica L. were able to significantly ( p > 0.5 ) neutralize the 5 ′ -nucleotidase activity by 88%, 86%, 86%, 85%, 83.7%, and 83%, respectively, compared with a standard antidote (snake venom antiserum). Thus, this study indicates that these plants possess the potential to neutralize one of the toxic enzymatic components of Echis carinatus venom and hence can help to augment the future efforts of developing alternative therapy for the management of snakebites.

scholarly journals Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
Kamel Arraki ◽  
Perle Totoson ◽  
Alain Decendit ◽  
Andy Zedet ◽  
Justine Maroilley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
First Time

Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C.thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC50 values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.

IN VITRO STUDIES OF SOME EDIBLE SPICES ON PANCREATIC LIPASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
S Mhatre ◽  
◽  
A. Bhagit ◽  
R. P Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala

Pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect of some edible spices in light of percent inhibition, efficacy, reversibility/ irreversibility and effect of pH on inhibition is presented here. Lipase inhibitory activities of methanolic extracts of eighteen spices were evaluated. Extracts of Zanthoxylum armatum, Cinnamomum tamala, Syzygium aromaticum and Myristica fragrans were considered to be of high potency in synthetic substrate assay. Only Syzygium aromaticum showed high potency in natural substrate based lipase assay. Zanthoxylum armatum extract displayed lowest IC50 of 9.0 μg/mL. On dialysis, all extracts lost their lipase inhibitory activity indicating reversible nature of inhibition. pH significantly affected the performance of spice extracts during inhibition of pancreatic lipase. Most of the extracts lost their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity at pH 3.0 with the exception of Brassica nigra and Cinnamomum tamala. Results showed spice are good source of pancreatic lipase inhibitor and its potential as drug for obesity can be explored by addressing various issues.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Malaria in Embu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bibianne Waiganjo ◽  
Gervason Moriasi ◽  
Jared Onyancha ◽  
Nelson Elias ◽  
Francis Muregi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Malaria is a deadly disease caused by a protozoan parasite whose mode of transmission is through a female Anopheles mosquito. It affects persons of all ages; however, pregnant mothers, young children, and the elderly suffer the most due to their dwindled immune state. The currently prescribed antimalarial drugs have been associated with adverse side effects ranging from intolerance to toxicity. Furthermore, the costs associated with conventional approach of managing malaria are arguably high especially for persons living in low-income countries, hence the need for alternative and complementary approaches. Medicinal plants offer a viable alternative because of their few associated side effects, are arguably cheaper, and are easily accessible. Based on the fact that studies involving antimalarial medicinal plants as potential sources of efficacious and cost-effective pharmacotherapies are far between, this research was designed to investigate antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of organic and aqueous extracts of selected plants used by Embu traditional medicine practitioners to treat malaria. The studied plants included Erythrina abyssinica (stem bark), Schkuhria pinnata (whole plant), Sterculia africana (stem bark), Terminalia brownii (leaves), Zanthoxylum chalybeum (leaves), Leonotis mollissima (leaves), Carissa edulis (leaves), Tithonia diversifolia (leaves and flowers), and Senna didymobotrya (leaves and pods). In vitro antiplasmodial activity studies of organic and water extracts were carried out against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistance (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In vivo antiplasmodial studies were done by Peter’s four-day suppression test to test for their in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei. Finally, cytotoxic effects and safety of the studied plant extracts were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) rapid calorimetric assay technique. The water and methanolic extracts of T. brownii and S. africana and dichloromethane extracts of E. abyssinica, S. pinnata, and T. diversifolia leaves revealed high in vitro antiplasmodial activities (IC50≤10 μg/ml). Further, moderate in vivo antimalarial activities were observed for water and methanolic extracts of L. mollissima and S. africana and for dichloromethane extracts of E. abyssinica and T. diversifolia leaves. In this study, aqueous extracts of T. brownii and S. africana demonstrated high antiplasmodial activity and high selectivity indices values (SI≥10) and were found to be safe. It was concluded that T. brownii and S. africana aqueous extracts were potent antiplasmodial agents. Further focused studies geared towards isolation of active constituents and determination of in vivo toxicities to ascertain their safety are warranted.

scholarly journals In vitro Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts, Hydrolates and Essential Oils of Some Medicinal Plants and Control of Cucumber Anthracnose

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amanda P. Mattos ◽  
Fabricio P. Povh ◽  
Bruna B. Rissato ◽  
Vítor V. Schwan ◽  
Kátia R. F. Schwan-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Aims: This study is aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity effect of the crude aqueous extract (CAE), hydrolate (HY) and essential oil (EO) of Corymbia citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus and Curcuma longa against the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria steviae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Sclerotium rolfsii, and assess, in situ, the effectiveness of CAE of medicinal plants in reducing the severity of the cucumber anthracnose. Methodology: The EOs and HYs were obtained by hydrodistillation. The CAEs were prepared by the turbolysis method. Mycelial growth of the fungi was measured daily, by the diametrically opposite method. In the in vivo test, the CAEs were sprayed on the cotyledon leaves of healthy cucumber plants with three days after were inoculated with C. lagenarium. The severity of assessment of the disease was based on a scale of notes. Results: The medicinal plants studied showed antifungal activity against all or almost all pathogens. In general, treatment with CAE and HY of C. longa revealed the highest inhibition against the fungi tested. With the exception of the EO of C. longa, the other EOs showed total inhibition against all the fungi and in all the concentrations tested. Compared to control, in in vivo assays CAE of C. citratus presents a potential for control of cucumber anthracnose reducing the severity of the disease. Conclusion: The medicinal plants studied produce compounds associated with antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Interaction of Folk Medicinal Plants with Levofloxacin against Escherichia Coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1855-1861
Author(s):  
Isra Tayseer ◽  
Hanan Azzam ◽  
Nehaya Al-Karablieh ◽  
Amal Mayyas ◽  
Talal Aburjai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
E Coli

The present study was conducted to assess the in vitro activities of folk medicinal plants in combination with levofloxacin against TG1 and mutant KAM3-1(∆acrB-∆tolC) Escherichia coli strains. Plants were chosen based on their traditional use in combination with antibiotics among laymen. Standard protocols were followed to examine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and levofloxacin against E. coli in term of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and to evaluate the plant extracts-levofloxacin interaction using checkerboard method. Among the twelve plants investigated, Thymus vulgaris, Zingiber officinale, Teucrium polium, Matricaria chamomilla and Curcuma longa had the best antimicrobial activities against E. coli strains with MIC values at 250 μg/ml. It is noteworthy to mention that other folk plants extracts reveled no effects against E coli strains. Furthermore, additive interactions were observed between levofloxacin and T. polium or T. vulgaris against E. coli wild-type TG1 strain. There was no antagonism being observed in this study. The detection of additive interaction between the extracts and levofloxacin demonstrates the prospective of these folk medicinal plants as a source of compounds to modulate antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Phytobiocidal management of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseerud Din ◽  
Musharaf Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Siddique ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
Ishrat Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Tagetes Patula

Phytobiocides are a good alternative to chemicals in managing bacterial diseases including bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In the present research study, finely ground dried powders of seven widely available medicinal plants/weeds species viz., Peganum harmala (esfand or wild rue), Calotropis procera (sodom apple), Melia azedarach (white cedar), Allium sativum (garlic), Adhatoda vasica (malabar nut), Tagetes patula (marigold) and Nerium oleander (oleander) were assessed for their anti-microbial activity, both in-vitro (10% w/v) and in-vivo (10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg of potted soil) against R. solanacearum. Aqueous extracts (prepared as 10% w/v, soaking for 48-72 h and filtering) of C. procera, A. vasica, and T. patula inhibited the in-vitro growth of the bacterial pathogen over 60% of that produced by the standard antibiotic streptomycin. A. sativum, N. oleander and P. harmala aqueous extracts were less effective while M. azedarach showed no effect against R. solanacearum. The higher dose (40 g/kg of soil) of C. procera, A. vasica and T. patula decreased disease severity quite effectively and increased yield and plant growth characters as much as the standard antibiotic did. No phytotoxicity of medicinal plants powder was observed on tomato plants. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids were detected in the aqueous extracts of T. patula and A. vasica whereas C. procera was found to have only alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Our data suggest that dried powders of T. patula, C. procera and A. vasica (40 g/kg of soil) could be used as an effective component in the integrated disease management programs against bacterial wilt of tomato.

scholarly journals Anti-snake venom potential of Clerodendrum serratum extracts on Bungarus caeruleus and Daboia russelii venom

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Shwetha Vasudev ◽  
Sunil Shivajirao More ◽  
Gautham Santhekadur Annappa ◽  
Veena Sunil More
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Phospholipase A ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Full Screen ◽  
Fibrinogenolytic Activity

<p class="Abstract">Anti-snake venom therapy is the only treatment for snake bite but leads to acute and chronic conditions which may be severe. The medicinal plants have gained importance over years to find an effective alternative to anti-snake venom. The present study focused on evaluating the potential of <em>Clerodendrum serratum</em> for the anti-snake venom activity. Phytochemicals were extracted from the <em>C. serratum</em> with different solvents. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were found to neutralize the major enzyme toxins (phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>, protease and hyaluronidase) of <em>Bungarus caeruleus</em> and <em>Daboia russelii</em> venom at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The fibrinogenolytic activity of both the venoms were neutralized. The study proves that the plant <em>C. serratum</em> possesses certain compounds which inhibit the toxins present in the venom of <em>B. caeruleus</em> and <em>D. russelii</em>.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p class="Abstract">Hyaluronidase assay:   3 min  30 sec   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/Xz5C6bbwgW0">Full Screen</a>    <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xz5C6bbwgW0">Alternate</a></p>

scholarly journals Preclinical Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Herbalism against Lipid Elevating Agents: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1695-1707
Author(s):  
Bushra Ansari ◽  
Monika Singh ◽  
Shalini Sharma ◽  
Bushra Choudhary ◽  
Mohseen Mohseen
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia

Abnormal increase in the level of more than any one of the lipoproteins such as triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL or VLDL in the bloodstream can be defined as hyperlipidemia. It is the greatest world is often overused so, use “the most significant” instead of the greatestrisk factor of coronary heart attack and stroke.This review emphasizes on some herbal medicinal plants with their extracts, including Glycyrrhiza glabra,Legenaria siceraria,Medicago sativa,Curcuma longa,Curatella americana, Glycine max, Hibisus rosa-sinesis, Hibisus sabdariffa, Cinnamomum tamala, Withania somnifera, Cassia auriculata, Cynaras scolymus, Eugenia jambolana, Adenanthera pavonia, Garcinia cambogia, Terminalia chebula, Ixora coccinea, Carica papaya, Lycimum barbarum, Bauhinia purpurea, Syzygium alternifolium, Vitex negundo, Piper longa, Moringa oleifera, Zingiber officinale, Trigonella foenum graecum, Carum carvi, Gloriosasuperba, Ficus infectoria, Ficus glomerata for anti-hyperlipidemic potential. Decrease in the levels of these lipoproteins like, triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)includes some mechanisms actions of these medicinal plants observed in triton-x, cholesterol, high fat diet, Poloxamer-407, Dexamethasone and alloxan-induced in-vivo and in-vitro models. Accordingly, this review provides numerous evidenceswhichindicatethat these medicinal plants can be usedfor treating and preventinghyperlipidemia and related complications.

scholarly journals Echis carinatus snake venom metalloprotease-induced toxicities in mice: Therapeutic intervention by a repurposed drug, Tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (Disulfiram)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0008596
Author(s):  
Gotravalli V. Rudresha ◽  
Amog P. Urs ◽  
Vaddarahally N. Manjuprasanna ◽  
Mallanayakanakatte D. Milan Gowda ◽  
Krishnegowda Jayachandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Direct Involvement ◽  
Echis Carinatus ◽  
Severe Tissue

Echis carinatus (EC) is known as saw-scaled viper and it is endemic to the Indian subcontinent. Envenoming by EC represents a major cause of snakebite mortality and morbidity in the Indian subcontinent. Zinc (Zn++) dependent snake venom metalloproteases (SVMPs) present in Echis carinatus venom (ECV) is well known to cause systemic hemorrhage and coagulopathy in experimental animals. An earlier report has shown that ECV activates neutrophils and releases neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that blocks blood vessels leading to severe tissue necrosis. However, the direct involvement of SVMPs in the release of NETs is not clear. Here, we investigated the direct involvement of EC SVMPs in observed pathological symptoms in a preclinical setup using specific Zn++ metal chelator, Tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (TTD)/disulfiram. TTD potently antagonizes the activity of SVMPs-mediated ECM protein degradation in vitro and skin hemorrhage in mice. In addition, TTD protected mice from ECV-induced footpad tissue necrosis by reduced expression of citrullinated H3 (citH3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in footpad tissue. TTD also neutralized ECV-induced systemic hemorrhage and conferred protection against lethality in mice. Moreover, TTD inhibited ECV-induced NETosis in human neutrophils and decreased the expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) 4, citH3, MPO, and p-ERK. Further, we demonstrated that ECV-induced NETosis and tissue necrosis are mediated via PAR-1-ERK axis. Overall, our results provide an insight into SVMPs-induced toxicities and the promising protective efficacy of TTD can be extrapolated to treat severe tissue necrosis complementing anti-snake venom (ASV).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document