RESPIRATION RATE AND RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT OF FRESH-CUT MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) IN LOW OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE

2000 ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rattanapanone ◽  
Alley E. Watada
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fresh Cut

scholarly journals Effects of Low-oxygen Atmosphere on Ethanolic Fermentation in Fresh-cut Carrots

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi ◽  
Alley E. Watada
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Ethanolic Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Fermentation Metabolism

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) root shreds were stored under a continuous flow of 0.5% and 2% O2 (balance N2) or in air for 7 days at 5 and 15 °C to study the regulation of ethanolic fermentation metabolism. Low-O2 atmospheres of 0.5% and 2% caused increases in ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) compared to air. By day 3, ethanol increased 38-, 25-, 13-, and 9.5-fold; acetaldehyde increased 20-, 13-, 7.7-, and 5.6-fold; ADH increased 7.6-, 6.3-, 3.8-, and 2.7-fold; and PDC increased 4.2-, 3.9-, 2.3-, and 2.2-fold in samples at 0.5% O2 at 15 or 5 °C and at 2% O2 at 15 or 5 °C, respectively, compared with corresponding samples in air. These results indicate that ethanolic fermentation was accelerated more in the 0.5% than in the 2% O2 atmosphere and more at 15 °C than at 5 °C. The acceleration of ethanolic fermentation may allow production of some ATP, which may permit the carrot tissues to survive.

scholarly journals Influence of Oxygen and Temperature on the Respiration Rate of Fresh-cut Cantaloupe and Implications for Modified Atmosphere Packaging

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1113-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Helena Gomes ◽  
Randolph M. Beaudry ◽  
Domingos P.F. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Respiratory Behavior ◽  
Fresh Cut

The respiratory behavior of fresh-cut melon under modified atmosphere packaging at various temperatures was characterized to assess the potential for shelf life extension through low-oxygen and to generate information for the development of appropriate packaging conditions. Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis ‘Olympic Gold’) cubes were packaged and stored at 0, 5, 10, and 15 °C. Packages attained gas equilibrium after 5 days at 10 °C, 6 days at 5 °C, and 10 days at 0 °C. In cubes stored at 15 °C, decay started before steady-state gas levels were reached. Respiration rates were measured and respiratory quotient calculated once steady-state O2 and CO2 partial pressures were achieved inside the packages. O2 uptake increased with temperature and O2 partial pressure (pO2 pkg), according to a Michaelis-Menten kinetics described by = [( × pO2 pkg)/( + pO2 pkg)]. Respiratory parameters were modeled as an exponential function of temperature: = {[1.34 × 10−17 × e(0.131 × T) × pO2 pkg]/[1.15 × 10−24 × e(0.193 × T) + pO2 pkg]} (R2 = 0.95), Q10 = 3.7, and Ea = 84 kJ·mol−1. A good fit to the experimental data was also obtained considering as constant: RO2 = {[4.36 × 10−14 × e(0.102 × T) × pO2 pkg]/[0.358 + pO2 pkg]} (R2 = 0.93), Q10 = 2.8, and Ea = 66 kJ·mol−1. These results provide fundamental information to predict package permeability and steady-state pO2 pkg required to prevent anaerobic conditions and maximize shelf life of fresh-cut cantaloupe. The kinetics of respiration as a function of pO2 suggests that no significant reductions in respiration rate of fresh-cut cantaloupe can be achieved by lowering O2 levels.

scholarly journals Regulation of Glycolytic Metabolism in Fresh-cut Carrots under Low Oxygen Atmosphere

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi ◽  
Alley E. Watada
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Glycolytic Metabolism ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Regulation Of Glycolysis ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) shreds were stored under a continuous flow of air or 0.5% and 2% O2 (balance N,) for 9 days at 5 and 15C. The resulting changes in respiration, levels of glycolytic intermediates, and activities of ATP: phosphofructo kinase (ATP-PFK), and PPi: phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK) were monitored. Carrots under low O atmosphere exhibited an increase in RQ due to a greater reduction in 02 consumption than in CO2 production, and the increase in RQ was greater at 0.5% than at 2% O2 at both temperatures. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6P) accumulated with decreased O2 atmosphere and was 2-fold greater at 0.5% than at 2% O2 atmosphere at both temperatures. The levels of other glycolytic intermediates were not significantly influenced by low O2. The increase in PPi-PFK activity occurred at the same time as F1,6P accumulation. A similar relationship was not found with ATP-PFK. These results suggest that PPi-PFK may be involved in regulation of glycolysis under low O2 atmosphere.

scholarly journals Ethanol content in cut roses at low oxygen atmosphere storage

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Goliáš ◽  
F. Kobza
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Trace Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Stress ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

Low oxygen atmosphere is beneficial for preservation of fresh cut roses. Flower tolerance to specific atmosphere yielding anaerobic products was determined. A suitable gas mixture of ULO conditions (0.8% oxygen and 0.1% carbon dioxide) was shown to lead to elevated ethanol production in tissues. The tissue ethanol content in ULO and RA atmosphere (21% oxygen and 0.03% carbon dioxide) was 300 mg/l and 6 mg/l, respectively. After the exposure to ULO conditions when the material was in air ventilation under cold storage, ethanol decreased to the trace concentration comparable with that at the beginning of storage. The oxygen stress caused only small fluctuations in the content of acetaldehyde with difference from 3 to 6 mg/l. The presence of acetaldehyde in the pulp of cut roses indicated a negligible degree of injury by low oxygen. There were only minimal differences between ULO and RA in non-volatile compounds such as sucrose, glucose and fructose. Buds of cut roses did not open during the storage in ULO conditions and in the prolonged phase of air ventilation their opening was delayed for the next 15 days of cold storage.

scholarly journals Low-oxygen Atmosphere Increases Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in Fresh-cut Carrots

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi ◽  
Alley E. Watada
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of low-O2 atmosphere on the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2), which can activate the enzyme pyrophosphate-dependent:phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK) to catalyze the reaction from fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-P2). Fru-2,6-P2 remained unchanged in carrot (Daucus carota L.) root shreds stored under air, but it increased 3.0- and 5.3-fold at 2% and 0.5% O2 atmosphere, respectively, at 5C, and the increases were almost twice as great at 15C. The concentration of PPi ranged from 17 to 33 nmol·g-1 fresh weight, which is more than sufficient for the PPi-PFK to proceed. Thus, low-O2 atmosphere appeared to hasten glycolysis of carrot shreds by increasing Fru-2,6-P2, which activated PPi-PFK toward glycolysis.

scholarly journals Respiration of Fresh-cut Carrots Stored in Low Oxygen or High Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere at Various Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 642e-642
Author(s):  
Hidemi Izumi ◽  
Alley E. Watada ◽  
Ling Qi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Respiration Pattern ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

Respiration of carrot slices, sticks, and shreds was monitored during storage in air, low O2 (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) or high CO2 (3%, 6%, and 10%) atmospheres at 0, 5, and 10°C. The respiration pattern differed with temperature and type of cuts. At 10°C, the rates of all cuts decreased with time. At the lower temperatures, the rate of sticks and shreds increased with the increase being greater at 5°C. Carbon dioxide production and O2 consumption of all cuts were lower when stored in either reduced O2 or elevated CO2 relative to those in air. Reduction was the greatest with cuts held in 0.5% O2 or 10% CO2 at 0°C. Low O2 was more effective than high CO2 atmosphere in reducing the rate at 10°C, but not at other temperatures. Respiratory quotient (RQ) of shreds were higher when held in low O2 and lower when held in high CO2 relative to those in air. RQ of other cuts were affected, but not consistently. The Q10 of all cuts ranged from 1.9 to 7.4 in the 0 to 10°C range and was lower with cuts in low O2 and greater with cuts in high CO2.

scholarly journals DETERMINING THE EXTINCTION POINT OF SPINACH CULTIVARS FOR STORAGE IN LOW-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 189e-189
Author(s):  
Nathanee P. Ko ◽  
Alley E. Watada ◽  
Donald V. Schlimm G. ◽  
John C Bouwkamp
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Extinction Point

The extinction point (EP) of spinach cultivars was determined to identify the minimum O2 concentration that can be used for modified-atmosphere storage of spinach. EP was based on respiratory quotient (RQ) and appearance quality during storage. Oxygen consumption decreased as O2 concentration was lowered from 2.0% to 0.1%; whereas CO2 production decreased as O2 concentration was lowered from 2.0% to 0.5%, but not below 0.5%. The RQ was close to 1 in oxygen atmospheres of 2.0% to 0.4% and exceeded 1 at 0.2% or less. No alcohol production was noted at 0.2% or less O2, but deterioration of leaves occurred at these low-O2 atmospheres. Since the EP is slightly below 0.4% O2, the concentration of O2, should not be allowed to go below 0.5% for successful modified-atmosphere storage of spinach.

THE UNIQUE FETAL RED CELL AND ITS FUNCTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Oski
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Fetus ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Rapid Replacement

The red blood cells of the human fetus differ in many major respects from the red cells of the normal adult. These differences appear admirably suited for the acquisition, transport, and release of oxygen in the low oxygen atmosphere of intrauterine existence. These same differences appear to confer a handicap to the cell in the extrauterine environment, particularly under conditions of hypoxic stress. The rapid replacement of these cells by artificial means, such as early exchange transfusion, may offer an advantage to the newborn infant in certain clinical situations.

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