FARMER'S DECISION-MAKING PROCESS FOR PURCHASING AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT: AN INSIGHT INTO THE NEW RUSSIAN ECONOMY

2008 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
K. Koblik ◽  
L.K. Aguiar
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomthandazo Ntlama

ABSTRACT The article examines the implications of the judgment of the Constitutional Court in Helen Suzman Foundation v Judicial Service Commission 2018 (7) BCLR 763 (CC) 8 on the functioning of the Judicial Service Commission (JSC). The judgment has brought to the fore a new lease of life relating to the JSC's post-interview deliberations as a disclosable record in terms of Rule 53(1)(b) of the Uniform Rules of Court. The disclosure seeks to provide an insight into the decision-making process of the JSC in the appointment of judicial officers in South Africa. It is argued that the judgment is two-pronged: first, the disclosure of the post-interview record enhances the culture of justification for decisions taken, which advances the foundational values of the new democratic dispensation; secondly, it creates uncertainty about the future management and protection of the JSC processes in the undertaking of robust debates on the post-interview deliberations. It then questions whether the JSC members will be privileged in their engagement with the suitability of the candidates to be recommended for appointment by the President. The question is raised against the uncertainty about which decision of the JSC will be challenged that will need the disclosure of the record because the judgment does not entail the national disclosure of the record in respect of each candidate but applies only when there is an application for review of the JSC decision. Key words: Judicial Service Commission, appointments, discretion, judiciary, independence, rule of law, discretion, accountability, transparency, human rights.


1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminah Fayek ◽  
Indrani Ghoshal ◽  
Simaan AbouRizk

This paper presents the findings of a survey of the bidding practices of Canadian civil engineering construction contractors. The results of the survey provide insight into the most important factors that contractors consider in making four bid decisions: the decision to bid, the risk allowance, the opportunity allowance, and the markup-size decision. The survey methodology is described to illustrate its effectiveness. Common practices in assessing risks and opportunities, the competition, and markup are discussed. A major conclusion of this paper is that the decision-making process used in bidding is largely subjective and based on experienced judgement. The assessment of the competition is done on an informal basis in most cases, with little use of historical competitor data. Risk and opportunity assessment is subjective and largely based on experience. Although the markup-size decision is critical to the success of a company in achieving its objectives and realizing a profit, markup setting is usually based on experience, with little or no formal methods of analysis.Key words: bidding, markup, risk analysis, surveys, tendering.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Nain Gill

AbstractThis article argues that the involvement of technical experts in decision making promotes better environmental results while simultaneously recognizing the uncertainty in science. India’s record as a progressive jurisdiction in environmental matters through its proactive judiciary is internationally recognized. The neoteric National Green Tribunal of India (NGT) – officially described as a ‘specialised body equipped with necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues’ – is a forum which offers greater plurality for environmental justice. The NGT, in exercising wide powers, is staffed by judicial and technical expert members who decide cases in an open forum. The experts are ‘central’, rather than ‘marginal’, to the NGT’s decision-making process.This article draws on theoretical insights developed by Lorna Schrefler and Peter Haas to analyze the role of scientific experts as decision makers within the NGT. Unprecedented interview access provides data that grants an insight into the internal decision-making processes of the five benches of the NGT. Reported cases, supported by additional comments of bench members, illustrate the wider policy impact of scientific knowledge and its contribution to the NGT’s decision-making process.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois Paulin

We summarize the concept of Self-Service Government (ss-Gov) as presented earlier and explore how the principles of Liquid Democracy (LD) can be applied in ss-Gov for collaborative decision making. We provide a thorough insight into the history of LD and summarize its recent developments. By combining ss-Gov and LD, we develop the concept of Sustainable, Non-Bureaucratic Government (SNBG) as a novel, blank-slate approach to government of eligibilities within- and towards governmental systems. We argue that such entanglement of LD with ss-Gov results in a closed-circuit system that can provide end-to-end self-management of jural relations. Thus, we argue, SNBG is a vision concept capable to enable morphable self-managed government which requires virtually no mediatory human agents for government. We discuss the feasibility of such approach based on a Gedankenexperiment featuring a modern parliamentary decision-making process.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233339362096005
Author(s):  
Hanako Numata ◽  
Maiko Noguchi-Watanabe ◽  
Akitake Mukasa ◽  
Shota Tanaka ◽  
Shunsaku Takayanagi ◽  
...  

Medical care-related decision-making among patients with malignant brain tumors has not been sufficiently discussed. This study aimed to develop a framework for understanding patients’ experiences in the decision-making process. Semi-structured interviews with 14 patients were analyzed using a grounded theory approach, focusing on their 48 decision-making points. Additionally, interviews with two family members and seven healthcare providers, and participant observations were used to gain contextual insight into patients’ experiences. Patients faced decisions while they struggled in vulnerability under shock, fear, and anxiety while hoping. Under this context, they showed four decision-making patterns: (1) led by the situation, (2) controlled by others, (3) entrusted someone with the decision, and (4) myself as a decision-making agent. Across these patterns, the patients were generally satisfied with their decisions even when they did not actively participate in the process. Healthcare providers need to understand patients’ contexts and their attitudes toward yielding decision-making to others.


Author(s):  
Iain M. Boyle ◽  
Alex H.B. Duffy ◽  
R. Ian Whitfield ◽  
Shaofeng Liu

AbstractDecision making is a significant activity within industry and although much attention has been paid to the manner in which goals impact on how decision making is executed, there has been less focus on the impact decision making resources can have. This article describes an experiment that sought to provide greater insight into the impact that resources can have on how decision making is executed. Investigated variables included the experience levels of decision makers and the quality and availability of information resources. The experiment provided insights into the variety of impacts that resources can have upon decision making, manifested through the evolution of the approaches, methods, and processes used within it. The findings illustrated that there could be an impact on the decision-making process but not on the method or approach, the method and process but not the approach, or the approach, method, and process. In addition, resources were observed to have multiple impacts, which can emerge in different timescales. Given these findings, research is suggested into the development of resource-impact models that would describe the relationships existing between the decision-making activity and resources, together with the development of techniques for reasoning using these models. This would enhance the development of systems that could offer improved levels of decision support through managing the impact of resources on decision making.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-589
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Askari ◽  
Madjid Eshaghi Gordji

In this paper, we provide an interpretation of the rationality in game theory in which player consider the profit or loss of the opponent in addition to personal profit at the game.‎ ‎‎The goal of a game analysis with two hyper-rationality players is to provide insight into real-world situations that are often more complex than a game with two rational players where the choices of strategy are only based on individual preferences. The hyper-rationality does not mean perfect rationality but an insight toward how human decision-makers behave in interactive decisions. ‎‎The findings of this research can help to enlarge our understanding of the psychological aspects of strategy choices in games and also provide an analysis of the decision-making process with cognitive economics approach at the same time.‎ ‎‎‎


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Müller ◽  
Pietro Lio’

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s impact millions of people worldwide. Early diagnosis has proven to greatly increase the chances of slowing down the diseases’ progression. Correct diagnosis often relies on the analysis of large amounts of patient data, and thus lends itself well to support from machine learning algorithms, which are able to learn from past diagnosis and see clearly through the complex interactions of a patient’s symptoms. Unfortunately, many contemporary machine learning techniques fail to reveal details about how they reach their conclusions, a property considered fundamental when providing a diagnosis. This is one reason why we introduce our Personalisable Clinical Decision Support System PECLIDES that provides a clear insight into the decision making process on top of the diagnosis. Our algorithm enriches the fundamental work of Masheyekhi and Gras in data integration, personal medicine, usability, visualisation and interactivity.Our decision support system is an operation of translational medicine. It is based on random forests, is personalisable and allows a clear insight into the decision making process. A well-structured rule set is created and every rule of the decision making process can be observed by the user (physician). Furthermore, the user has an impact on the creation of the final rule set and the algorithm allows the comparison of different diseases as well as regional differences in the same disease1.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. Ndlovu

The study explores how HIV-positive couples negotiate and make reproductive and sexually related decisions. The broader aim of the paper is to understand how men and women with HIV make decisions about contraception and reproduction and what those decisions indicate about the realities of HIV-positive relationships. In line with the study’s aim to explore meanings related to the decision making process, a qualitative research approach was adopted. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 couples in which at least one of them was HIV-positive. A critical interpretive analysis of the data was adopted in order to gain insight into decision making among the HIV-positive couples. The results indicate that decisions made were usually a result of negotiation and compromise between partners. However, women’s fertility and sexual preferences were found to be a major factor in determining the outcome of the decision making process. Couples who intended to have a child were found to be active decision makers while those who only desired or did not desire to have a child were mainly passive decision makers. The study concludes that women exercise significant power over contraceptive and reproductive decisions among both active and passive decision makers.


2020 ◽  
pp. 226-263
Author(s):  
Huw Dylan ◽  
David V. Gioe ◽  
Michael S. Goodman

This chapter focuses on the role of human intelligence (humint) in providing insight into a quickly evolving situation, and the role this form of intelligence can have in the decision making process. The context is the imposition of martial law in Poland to quash mass protests, and what the CIA knew of it. Colonel Ryszard Kuklinksi had been working for the CIA since the early 1970s, but it was during Regan’s presidency that Kuklinkshi’s utility became truly apparent. The chapter concludes with a discussion of one of the least touched upon aspects of humint, legacy. Documents: Martial Law in Poland; Strategic Warning Staff; Poland: Prospects for Solidarity.


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