From Apprenticeship to Profession, Nathaniel Shaler and the First Summer School of Geology

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Ivan Zabilka
Keyword(s):  
High School Teachers ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Field Education ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Summer Schools ◽  
Cumberland Gap

The Harvard-Kentucky Geological Survey Summer Schools in 1875 and 1876 represent a significant turning point in the method of educating geologists. The transition from apprenticeship to group field experience originated in the fertile mind of N. S. Shaler, Harvard Professor and Director of the Kentucky Geological Survey. By means of the first summer school of geology Shaler influenced high school teachers, formed the standard patter for field education, and promoted the careers of several late nineteenth century geologists. The rigors of the site and the need to avoid damaging the work of the Kentucky Geological Survey forced the end of the school at Cumberland Gap, but in two short summers the course of geological education permanently changed.

The Chinese Exclusion Act and Chinatown Theaters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Yunhwa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Chinese Exclusion ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Exclusion Act ◽  
Cross National

This chapter focuses on immigration policies in the United States and how they impacted Chinatown opera theaters from their burgeoning in the nineteenth century through the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and into the early twentieth century. Whereas Chinese theaters rose to prominent entertainment in the 1870s, with four concurrent theaters in San Francisco, late nineteenth century exclusionary regulations severely curtailed previously vibrant Chinatown opera theaters. It eventually cut off the flow of performers and limiting companies’ performance opportunities by early 20th century. The chapter identifies a turning point when the continuing demand for Chinese performers prompted American entrepreneurs and others to circumvent U.S. policies and advocate for exceptions to the stultifying rules in the second decade of the20th century. As a result, increasingly itinerant performers were allowed to cross national borders, and theaters were allowed to stage performances, but each existed in a precarious relationship with immigration officials and boards that enforced exclusionary principles and practices.

Fashioning Modernity: Elite Dressmaking in Barcelona c. 1870–1919

Costume ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-243
Author(s):  
Laura Casal-Valls
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Substantial Change

Late nineteenth-century fashion in Barcelona is examined through the development of the dressmaker’s craft, taking account of the historical context and changes in society at the turn of the century. Analysis of the production process, surviving garments and archival evidence demonstrates that a substantial change took place in the organization of the dressmaking industry in Barcelona in the late nineteenth century. This included the insertion of dressmakers’ labels in the most technically and stylistically sophisticated garments, signalling an increasing recognition of leading dressmakers — a process similar to that found in French couture. Juana Valls has been identified as a key designer who, although almost unknown today, was highly successful and prominent at the turn of the twentieth century; a brief biography of Valls is developed. Finally, following this evolutionary period, the year 1919 is proposed as a turning point for Catalan and Spanish couture.

Investigating the KKK’s sociopolitical position in American history, past and present

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
John H. Bickford ◽  
Jeremiah Clabough
Keyword(s):  
High School Teachers ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
National Level ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Published Research

Purpose White nationalist groups have recently been at the forefront of American sociopolitical life, as demonstrated by the events in Charlottesville, Virginia in 2017. The purpose of this paper is to explore the historical roots and various waves of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Design/methodology/approach This paper offers high school teachers age-appropriate, evocative texts and disciplinary-specific, engaging tasks organized in a guided inquiry on the KKK, America’s most prominent hate organization. Findings Students are positioned to utilize newly-constructed understandings to take informed action on the local, state and national level. Originality/value Recently-published research has explored late-nineteenth century and early-twentieth century manifestations of the Klan, but not mid-twentieth and twenty-first century outbursts.

Imperial Rejuvenations: Youth, Empire, and the Problem of Accelerated Aging in “Tropical” Colonies, ca. 1800–1914

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-962
Author(s):  
David M Pomfret
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Time Geography ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract In recent years scholars have argued that “rejuvenation” took distinctively modern forms as a specific set of surgical procedures intended to realize sexual potency and libidinal enhancement, as well as anti-aging medicine and cosmetic body projects. However, this article underlines the earlier, imperial dimensions of rejuvenation as a set of modern, state-sponsored practices taking shape outside Europe. An important turning point in the modern history of rejuvenation was a shift around 1830 in thinking about “the tropics,” as scientists who identified heat as accelerating the process of aging rejected the possibility of acclimatization in hot zones. Because racial vitality supposedly diminished more quickly in the tropics, the older ideal of the grizzled, mature colonial soldier fell into decline, and rethinking the globe in racial-climatological terms made youth an essential corequisite of empire. Military commanders confronted the need to rejuvenate armies by recruiting soldiers at younger ages. Together with medical experts, they responded to fears of racial-climatological impotence by developing a range of strategies—from troop rotation to the development of hill stations—which scaled up rejuvenation to the level of entire population groups. Focusing on strategies elaborated in Asia to address this problem, this article shows how ideas about youth, time, geography, and modernity gave rise to spaces and networks designed to slow or reverse the aging process, or in other words to achieve “imperial rejuvenation” well before rejuvenation became a buzzword in late nineteenth-century Europe.

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