scholarly journals IMMIGRATION AND THE POLITICS OF INTEGRATION IN FRANCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
N. Biriuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
French Society ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Public Reaction ◽  
Written Sources

The politics of integration in France which was being constructed in the late 1980s and the 1990s was researched in this article. The primary written sources used in the analysis are different types including legislation laws, analytical note, statistical and press materials. The historiographical basis of the study consisted of several works written by researchers of integration, citizenship and nationalism, whose views differ on the assessment of the model of integration. The necessity to develop a model for the politics of integration of immigrants into French society appeared in the early 1980s. The Commission was opened due to contradictions between politicians regarding the vision of integration of foreigners and second-generation immigrants and should have resolved differences on this issue. Eventually, the Commission's proposals formed the basis of the integration model, but provoked a strong public reaction in the late 1980s. Thus, the model of integration of immigrants into French society was formed in the late 1990s, which was based on the idea of citizenship. Obtaining the citizenship by the foreigner indicates the conscious transition to French nationality and access to integration institutions.

Muslim Immigration to France in the 20th Century: Causes, Cycles, Problems

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5 (103)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shmelev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
French Society ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Geographical Concentration ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
The Right ◽  
Muslim Immigration ◽  
The Impact

The article devoted to the problem of Muslim immigration in France in the 20th century. The focus is on the causes of Muslim immigration, its cycles, specificity and consequences for modern French society. Based on a comparison of various statistical data, it stated that Muslim immigration is an integral part of three large waves of immigration flows that took place from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries. The article notes the correlation of the number of Muslim immigrants in France with the global numbers of immigrant arrivals to the country. However, if in the first two waves their number depended on the economic needs of the French economy (Muslims came to earn money), then during the third wave other factors came into play — the creation of stable communities, family reunification, going on stage second and third generations of immigrants, social problems of their arrangement and adaptation to French legal norms and customs. The article notes the specificity of the geographical concentration of the Muslim population, which takes place either near large industrial centers and cities (which makes it easier to find work and social protection), or in places of proximity to their native countries (southern France). Special attention paid to the problem of the evolution of state policy in the admission and integration of immigrants, when various methods tired from assimilation, the adoption of quotas to the policy of flexible regulation of immigration and expulsion of illegal immigrants from the country. The article analyzes the position of the Muslim community in France, the role of Muslim associations in its life, the impact on the socio-cultural life of the French. It can stated that Islam has become the second religion in France, which determines its position — a stable presence in socio-economic life (employment, the spread of the social protection system to immigrants), political (the right to vote, the possibility of creating associations, manifestations), religious (the possibility of worship), cultural (the formation of a specific immigrant subculture).

Trapezountian Pontic Greek in Etoloakarnania

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Spyros Armostis ◽  
Louiza Voniati ◽  
Konstantinos Drosos ◽  
Dionysios Tafiadis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Standard Term ◽  
The One

The variety described here is Pontic Greek (ISO 639 name: pnt), and specifically the variety that originates from Trapezounta in Asia Minor (present-day Trabzon in Turkey) as spoken today in Etoloakarnania, Greece by second-generation refugees. The term ‘Pontic Greek’ (in Greek: ) was originally an etic term, while Pontians called their language by other names, mainly [ɾoˈmeika] ‘Romeika’ (Sitaridou 2016) but also [laziˈka] ‘Laz language’ (Drettas 1997: 19, 620), even though Pontians and Laz people do not share the same language, the latter being Caucasian. Nowadays, is the standard term used not only by researchers, but also by native speakers of Pontic Greek born in Greece to refer to their variety (but see Sitaridou 2013 for Romeyka in the Black Sea). Pontic Greek belongs to the Asia Minor Greek group along with other varieties, such as Cappadocian Greek (e.g. Horrocks 2010: 398–404; Sitaridou 2014: 31). According to Sitaridou (2014, 2016), on the basis of historical reconstruction, the Pontic branch of Asia Minor Greek is claimed to have been divided into two major dialectal groups: Pontic Greek as spoken by Christians until the 20th century in Turkey and Romeyka as spoken by Muslims to date in Turkey. Triantafyllidis (1938/1981: 288) divides Pontic varieties, as were spoken in Asia Minor, into three dialectal groups, namely Oinountian, Chaldiot, and Trapezountian, the latter consisting of the varieties that were spoken at Trapezounta, Kerasounta, Rizounta, Sourmena, Ofis, Livera, Tripolis, and Matsouka in Asia Minor (Trabzon, Giresun, Sürmene, Of, Yazlık, Tirebolu, and Maçka respectively in present-day Turkey). However, Triantafyllidis does not explain his criteria for this classification (Chatzissavidis 2012). According to one other classification (Papadopoulos 1955: 17–18; Papadopoulos 1958: $\upzeta$ ), the variety that was used in Trapezounta belongs to the dialectal group in which post-stressed /i/ and /u/ delete along other varieties, such as e.g. the ones that were spoken in Chaldia (present-day Gümüşhane), Sourmena, and Ofis (as opposed to the rest of Pontic varieties, such as the one of Kerasounta, in which those vowels are retained). Trapezountian Pontic Greek can also be classified with the group of varieties that retain word-final /n/, such as the varieties of Kerasounta and Chaldia, as opposed to the varieties that do not retain it, such as the ones of Oinoe (present-day Ünye) and (partially) Ofis (Papadopoulos 1958: θ).

scholarly journals Voyageurs malgré eux: Silence, embodiment, and exposure in Minh Tran Huy and Doan Bui

2021 ◽  
pp. 095715582110259
Author(s):  
Caroline D. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
The Body ◽  
French Society ◽  
Dual Identity ◽  
Vietnamese Literature ◽  
Asian Descent ◽  
Vietnamese Community ◽  
Body Self ◽  
Do So

In recent Franco-Vietnamese literature written by descendants of immigrants, the liminality of exile is portrayed in all its complexity through migrant bodies – that of parents’ bodies – and through political and social bodies – linked to History and the Việt Kiều’s positionality in French society. The experience of external movement becomes an internal one, creating porosity between the outside and the body, self and others, places and times. This article argues that, in Minh Tran Huy’s Voyageur malgré lui and Doan Bui’s Le Silence de mon père, by representing their family’s migration, both authors present the silenced histories of the Vietnamese community in France. In order to do so, Tran Huy and Bui first focus on uncovering and writing the stories of their silent fathers: through their embodiment of exilic history, the fathers transmit the wound of their immigrant condition to their daughters. Consequently, daughters come to manifest similar bodily expressions of traumas they have not experienced and know little about. The fathers’ histories are eventually voiced and re-invested by the second generation. This shows how the unearthing of their fathers’ life stories is also about reappropriating a dual identity as well as making Asian diasporic perspectives and histories visible, notably to create new avenues of representation for French individuals of Asian descent.

scholarly journals Osteoporotic fractures in second-generation immigrants and Swedish natives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wändell ◽  
X. Li ◽  
A.C. Carlsson ◽  
J. Sundquist ◽  
K. Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants
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