scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION OF SOILS IN CHERNIVTSI (UKRAINE) BY MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
K. Bondar ◽  
A. Sachko ◽  
I. Tsiupa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Bulk Content ◽  
The City

The paper is devoted to spatial distribution of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χ) of surface sediments in Chernivtsi city as an informative indicator of geochemical contamination of the topsoil. The bulk content of heavy metals in urban soils and the correlations between the χ, frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility (kfd) and the content of Cd, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn were studied. Χ vary from 10∙10-8 to 1286∙10-8 m3/kg with a median value of 66∙10-8 m3/kg. In 20 % of samples χ exceeds the median value three times or more, indicating that the soil is contaminated with iron dust and magnetic particulate matter derived from anthropogenic aerosols. Priority contaminants of city soils are metals such as Pb and Zn, the bulk content of which exceeds the trigger concentration in the vast majority of samples. The χ revealed strong correlation with bulk content of Pb and Zn and the weaker one, but still statistically significant, with Cu and Cd. An additional criterion for the common anthropogenic origin of heavy metals and magnetic minerals in soils is the significant negative correlation coefficients between kfd and content of Zn, Pb, and Cu. So, it can be argued that the increase in Zn, Pb, and Cu content is accompanied by an increase in concentration of magnetic minerals in the multidomain state. The maps were produced, showing spatial distribution of χ and Pollution Load Index (PLI), calculated by three metals (Zn, Pb, and Cu). For 51 % of the samples, the PLI indicates no contamination, 35 % indicate moderate contamination,14 % are strongly contaminated. These results prove that surface sediment over a large area of the city require measures to reduce their toxicity. The correlation coefficient between χ and PLI makes 0.88, indicating χ as a quick indicator of geochemical soil contamination in the city of Chernivtsi.

scholarly journals Consideration of snowpack stratification in the analysis of spatial distribution of pollutants accumulated in snow (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.В. Михалев ◽  
В.А. Лобкина
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Dust Pollution ◽  
The City

Приведены результаты исследований снежного покрова Южно-Сахалинска, проведенных в зимние сезоны 2018/19 и 2019/20 гг. для оценки пылевого загрязнения территории города, а также выявления пространственного распределения ионов Cl-, , Са2+, Na+ и тяжелых металлов Pb и Zn. Особенностью исследования является определение влияния стратификации снежного покрова на величины депонированных в нем загрязнителей. The paper presents the results of a snowpack research on the territory of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, carried out in winter seasons of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to determine the amount of dust pollution accumulated in the snow of the city, as well as determine the spatial distribution of Cl-, , Са2+, Na+ and heavy metals Pb and Zn. A peculiarity of the research is the determination of the effect of snowpack stratification on the amounts of contaminants deposited in that snowpack.

Spectral Characteristics of Cr and Cu in Agricultural Soil at Beijing Plain Based on SWIR Spectroscopy and PLSR

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 3066-3072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Min Li ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Dan Feng Sun ◽  
Lian Di Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Soil Heavy Metals

Heavy metals pollution in agricultural soils has been an important problem to human health, mapping large-scale spatial distribution of soil heavy metals is urgently needed. Instead of traditional methods, time-consuming and destructive, soil properties predicted by remote sensing technology shows a lot of advantages, which makes large area of real-time dynamic monitoring as possible. However, before achieving prediction using spectra data, the first thing to do is that finding the spectral characteristics of soil heavy metals. In this paper, taking Cr and Cu for example, the correlations between soil heavy metals content and laboratory-measured reflectance is studied using partial least squares regression (PLSR), which is an adaptive method to examine linear between spectrum and concentration. First of all, using the raw spectra, remove outliers of heavy metals concentration by PLSR modeling. Next, though comparing RMSEC and RMSEV against PLSR components, and cumulative explanatory of spectral components to metal content using different pre-precessing methods, find the right pre-pcocessing is CR and optimum number of components to Cr and Cu are 3 and 2 respectively. Simultaneously, with the meaning of PLSR models regression coefficients, we analysis the spectral characteristics of Cr and Cu, although can not to realize the prediction only take use of these spectra, which is still essential to achieve simulating spatial distribution of soil heavy metal by remote sensing.

scholarly journals Evolution of anthropogenic pollution at the top of the regional mixed layer in the central Mexico plateau

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3265-3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Baumgardner ◽  
M. Grutter ◽  
J. Allan ◽  
C. Ochoa ◽  
B. Rappenglueck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Area Source ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Abstract. The concentrations of gases and properties of aerosol particles have been measured at the mountain site of Altzomoni approximately equidistant from Mexico City, Puebla and Cuernavaca, at an altitude of 4010 m. At this location there is a diurnal transition from local to regional mixed layer air whose properties depend on prevailing winds and larger scale circulation. Three days during March 2006 have been evaluated during which time the synoptic scale air flow was from the east, southeast and southwest. In general the properties of gases and particles were similar when the regional mixed layer (RML) was below the research site, regardless of the direction of flow. When the RML reached the site, the highest concentrations of CO, O3 and aerosol particles were from the east, decreasing as the flow shifted to the southeast then to the southwest. The maximum concentration of condensation nuclei (CN) was greater than 25×10−3 when winds were from the east. The highest mass concentrations of organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO4−), and Nitrate (NO3+ were 80, 4 and 8 μg m−3, at standard temperature and pressure in air from the east. The mass concentration of OM in the RML was greater than 70% of the total mass, regardless of the air mass origin. This compares to less than the 60% that has been reported for Mexico City. At night, the mass fraction of sulfate went up by a factor of ten from the daytime value when air arrived from the east. The relationship between the CO and OM suggests that the majority of the daytime OM is from biomass burning and at night it is from wood burning. Whereas the maximum CO at Altzomoni, 0.35 ppm, was approximately one tenth of the CO measured at the same time in the center of Mexico City, the maximum O3 of 120 ppb was approximately the same as in the city. The maximum nighttime values of O3 was 60 ppb, indicating the presence of residual pollution. From these results we conclude that even though Mexico City is the second most populated city in the world, with an associated high level of pollution, there are other significant sources of pollution in Mexico that contribute to the mixture of emissions that are dispersed throughout the region. This mixture rapidly erases the signature of a unique Mexico City "plume" and suggests that the environmental impact of this region should be considered as one that stems from a large area source rather than a single megacity.

scholarly journals Geochemical characterization and spatial distribution of heavy metals from urban dust in Chetumal, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
José Gonzalo Zapata Carbonell ◽  
Francisco Bautista Zúñiga ◽  
Jaime Rendón von Osten ◽  
Luz del Carmen Lagunes Espinoza ◽  
David de Jesús Palma López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Dust ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
The City

The first diagnose of heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb) concentrations present in Chetumal, Mexico and its spatial distribution was carried out by analyzing 86 samples of urban dust through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The assessment of the extent of pollution was undertaken by the use of the Mexican Residential Soil Guideline Values, the calculation of the contamination factor and the pollution load index. The results showed concentrations of heavy metals below the Mexican guidelines in the city, except for chromium and lead in a few samples. However, using the contamination factor the concentrations for chromium, lead and copper are exceeded in some samples. The map of pollution load index shows the areas requiring immediate attention from the decision makers.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in soils and mosses-epiphytes of the Leninsky district of the city Izhevsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Pleurozium Schreberi ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The article presents the results of studies on the assessment of heavy metal pollution of soils and epiphytes in of the city of Izhevsk. Objects of research: soils of near-trunk circles of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) and epiphytic moss of Schreber's pleurotium (Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. Ex Brid.) Mitt.). To assess the pollution, the magnetic susceptibility of soils and mosses was determined, as well as the average total content of heavy metals in the samples under study. The relationship between the content of heavy metals and the magnetic susceptibility of soils and epiphytes has been determined. A correlation was revealed between the total content of Zn, Cr, Fe, V in soils and in mosses, which indicates air pollution of soils. Keywords: MAGNETIC SENSITIVITY, HEAVY METALS, MOSSES-EPIPHYTES, AIR POLLUTION

scholarly journals Technogenic Magnetic Particles in Soils and Ecological–Geochemical Assessment of the Soil Cover of an Industrial City in the Ural, Russia

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Andrei Vasiliev ◽  
Svetlana Gorokhova ◽  
Mikhail Razinsky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The City ◽  
Geochemical Assessment ◽  
Technogenic Magnetic Particles

The work is devoted to the study of pollution by technogenic magnetic particles and heavy metals of soils in the city of Gubakha, Middle Ural (Russia). The aim of the work is the ecological and geochemical assessment of the elemental chemical composition of the soils of the city of Gubakha, and the establishment of the geochemical role of technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs). For the first time, the regularities of the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility in the soils of the city of Gubakha were revealed, and the morphology, elemental and mineralogical compositions of magnetic particles in the soils of an industrial city in the Middle Urals were characterized using the methods of the chemical extraction of iron compounds, magnetic separation, ESEM/EDS, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The magnetic phase of soils contains magnetite/maghemite, hematite, pyrrhotite, intermetallic alloys and chromite. Spherical magnetic particles are hollow, and have a magnetite shell and a varied surface texture. The crystal lattice of magnetite is characterized by low stoichiometry. The heavy metals Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr are concentrated in magnetic particles and have a high correlation coefficient with magnetic susceptibility. The level of contamination of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr and Mn in the soils of a residential zone of Gubakha, estimated by the value of the pollution load index (PLI), was high. The Igeo index for Fe ranges from 6.2 to 12.2, for Cu–1.1 and Ni–1.1. The combination of methods for measuring magnetic susceptibility, determining the mineralogical composition of iron compounds, and determining the elemental chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence, has shown the effectiveness of an integrated approach for carrying out an ecological–geochemical assessment of the soil cover of Gubakha.

scholarly journals Features of the content of movable forms of heavy metals and selenium in soils of the Yaroslavl region

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-343
Author(s):  
Evgeniia A. Bakaeva ◽  
A. V. Eremeyshvili
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The City ◽  
Inversion Voltammetry ◽  
Copper Lead

With the use of the method of inversion voltammetry there was analyzed the content of movable forms of trace elements: (selenium, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium) in soils in the Yaroslavl district of the Yaroslavl region, and also content of zinc, copper, lead, cadmium in soils and snow cover in the city of Yaroslavl. According to values of concentrations of movable compounds in soils determined trace elements can be ranked into the following row: zinc > lead > copper > selenium > cadmium. There was revealed insufficient if compared with literature data concentrations, content of movable compounds of selenium, copper and zinc in examined explored soils. The maximal concentrations of lead are revealed in the close proximity to both the city of Yaroslavl and large highways of the city. It indicates to the anthropogenic pollution of soils by this element.

scholarly journals Analysis of Soil Pollution Degree and Causes Based on Mathematical Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Yunhui Zeng ◽  
Yuanbiao Zhang ◽  
Shusheng Huang ◽  
Hongfei Guo ◽  
Yilin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Index Method ◽  
The City ◽  
Spatial Distribution Map

Taking the heavy metal pollution in the urban surface soil as the object, this paper analyzes the degree of heavy metal pollution in different areas in the city and the main causes of pollution. Firstly, this paper uses Kriging interpolation method to increase the sample data together with Surfer software to draw the spatial distribution map of eight heavy metals, and then compares the single factor index method and the geological accumulation index-Nemero index method to make a comprehensive evaluation of the heavy metal pollution degree in different areas of the city. It is concluded that the pollution level in the area from slight to heavy is: mountain areas, park green areas, living areas, traffic areas, industrial areas. Then, the main comprehensive index of heavy metals is extracted by the principal component analysis, and the spatial distribution map of the main factors is drawn based on it. According to the spatial distribution map, the main cause of heavy metal pollution is the emission of automobile exhaust and industrial waste, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of heavy metal pollution in the urban surface soil.

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