Preserving the Commons in Private Cluster-Home Developments

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honggang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Garrett Hardin ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
Freedom Of Action

The thesis of "The Tragedy of the Commons," as developed and popularized by ecologist Garrett Hardin (Science 162, 1968), is a striking recognition of the dangers of freedom of action in an environment which is limited. The "commons" consists of those resources that are needed but are not or can not be assigned private ownership. The concept applies throughout the world and over many different types of resources, such as fisheries, forests, grazing lands, and irrigation systems. Hardin studied the eroding situation of American communal and natural resources and found that "freedom in a commons brings ruin to all."

scholarly journals INSTRUMEN EKONOMI ATAU PRIVATISASI PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN? KOMENTAR ATAS RUU JASA LINGKUNGAN

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Andri Gunawan Wibisana
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Charge System ◽  
User Charge ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Funds Management

AbstrakIndonesia 's Regional Representatives Board is planning to submit a Bill onenvironmental services. The Bill proposes the establishment of a newinstitution in managing environmental service fund, which is collectedthrough a user-charge system. This new institution is expected to be anindependent Commission of Environmental Funds Management, of whichcommissioners are responsible only to the President. The author finds thatthe spirit of the Bill has nothing to do with the needs to implement economicinstruments in terms of user charge. Instead, the Bill stems from the needs toprivatize public goods such as environmental services. The spirit can be seenin the forms of reference to Hardin's "the Tragedy of the Commons ", inwhich public goods are considered a form of inefficiency in the allocation ofresources that will eventually lead to the overexploitation of the goods. Inaddition, the spirit of privatization can also be seen in the Bill's proposal tohand over the tasks of the Commission, which include planning, execution,and monitoring, to private entities. The author argues that, with such spiritof privatization in the management of natural resources, the Bill is actuallyinconstitutional, and hence, should be rejected.

Social Cooperation in Autonomous Agents to Avoid the Tragedy of the Commons

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shagun Akarsh ◽  
Avadh Kishor ◽  
Rajdeep Niyogi ◽  
Alfredo Milani ◽  
Paolo Mengoni
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Shared Resource ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Resource Systems

In this paper, we address the “Tragedy of the Commons” (TOC) problem for shared-resource systems by considering different types of behaviors of agents. On one extreme are self-interested agents while on the other one, agents are concerned about the welfare of the society. Algorithms to capture the different behaviors of the agents with and without interaction among the agents are proposed. An extensive experimental analysis for the different cases has been carried out as well as comparisons of our algorithms with an existing approach. Our study shows that if the agents are willing to sacrifice for some period of time, the sustainability of the society increases considerably.

scholarly journals The devil in the number: Rethinking Garrett Hardin’s The tragedy of the commons and global overpopulation crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiwo Olaiya
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Proximate Causes ◽  
Classic Essay ◽  
Global Divides ◽  
The Devil

<p>Critiques about the misconstrued thesis of Garrett Hardin’s (1968) classic essay entitled <i>The Tragedy of the Commons</i> are well documented. However, little is known of the remote and proximate causes of the pejorative confusion about the vital essay. This article engages the discursive reconstruction of the thesis from the management of the commons to the original intent about the unscrupulousness of unchecked population growth as a critical factor to the looming collapse of the earth. Deploying an eloquent metaphor, <i>the devil in the number</i>, the article reinvents the illogic of overpopulating the world while simultaneously pursuing the technocratic solutions to nature’s burden. The article reports four marked factors that swayed perception away from Hardin’s thesis. The significance of Hardin’s essay for the overburdened ecosystem as the harbinger for the socio-economic and governance crisis across the global divides is also discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Can the Tragedy of the Commons be Avoided in Common-Pool Forage Resource Systems? An Application to Small-Holder Herding in the Semi-Arid Grazing Lands of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5947
Author(s):  
Rhoda F. Aderinto ◽  
J. Alfonso Ortega-S. ◽  
Ambrose O. Anoruo ◽  
Richard Machen ◽  
Benjamin L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resource Systems

There exist common-pool resource systems where it is difficult to prevent prospective beneficiaries from receiving profits from the use or harvest of shared resources, and they are often subject to continual utilization, leading to resource degradation and economic erosion (a behavior known as the ‘tragedy of the commons’). Nigerian nomadic grazing systems currently undergoing the tragedy of the commons pose a great challenge to agrarian communities, herders and political stability throughout the country due to violent conflicts and property destruction as herders migrate in search of forage resources for livestock. We modeled these dynamics in order to better understand the Nigerian grazing lands, with the objective of identifying potential leverage points capable of reversing overgrazing-induced forage degradation, in order to ensure a sustainable livestock production sector. Model what-if experiments (crop restrictions, crop marketing and increased labor costs) were run, resulting in partial solutions that were effective only in the short-term or limited in geographic-scope. A sustainable solution should include a combination of strategies, as the impact of one strategy alone cannot effectively resolve these Nigerian grazing issues (e.g., collaboration between farmers, herdsmen and government stakeholders to increase market integration via crop market expansion while simultaneously providing forage regeneration time for grazing lands). The resulting model could be used by Nigerian policy-makers to evaluate the long-term effects of decisions which were previously unexplored.

scholarly journals The devil in the number: Rethinking Garrett Hardin’s The tragedy of the commons and global overpopulation crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiwo Olaiya
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Proximate Causes ◽  
Classic Essay ◽  
Global Divides ◽  
The Devil

<p>Critiques about the misconstrued thesis of Garrett Hardin’s (1968) classic essay entitled <i>The Tragedy of the Commons</i> are well documented. However, little is known of the remote and proximate causes of the pejorative confusion about the vital essay. This article engages the discursive reconstruction of the thesis from the management of the commons to the original intent about the unscrupulousness of unchecked population growth as a critical factor to the looming collapse of the earth. Deploying an eloquent metaphor, <i>the devil in the number</i>, the article reinvents the illogic of overpopulating the world while simultaneously pursuing the technocratic solutions to nature’s burden. The article reports four marked factors that swayed perception away from Hardin’s thesis. The significance of Hardin’s essay for the overburdened ecosystem as the harbinger for the socio-economic and governance crisis across the global divides is also discussed.</p>

Contributive Justice and Ecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Tebaldo Vinciguerra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Legal Requirement ◽  
The World ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Integral Human Development

This paper reflects the viewpoint of a member of the ecology and creation desk of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development. Contributive justice is proposed as a beacon that should guide all actions that aim to address the injustices in the world—chiefly, the challenges related to natural resources and the care for the environment. This care requires an enabling context: being cautious with the meritocratic narrative; implementing good governance; avoiding a paternalist stance according to which one relies totally on the state’s action and, instead, going beyond what is a strictly legal requirement and even beyond reciprocity for the sake of solidarity and for protecting the commons. In conclusion, genuine gratuitousness—in this case, as applied to water management—is presented as a key contribution for society. The text is rooted in the recent magisterium and in the 50-year-old synodal document Justice in the World.

"Once? No. Twenty times? Sure!" Repeated decisions and uncertainty in the tragedy of the commons

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Hardisty ◽  
Howard Kunreuther ◽  
David H. Krantz ◽  
Poonam Arora
Keyword(s):  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
The Commons

Peran Pengawasan Internal Dalam Menghindari Kutukan Sumber Daya Alam

Liquidity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andilo Tohom
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Rich Country ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Right

Indonesia is one of many countries in the world so called resource-rich country. Natural resources abundance needs to be managed in the right way in order to avoid dutch diseases and resources curses. These two phenomena generally happened in the country, which has abundant natural resources. Learned from Norwegian experiences, Indonesian Government need to focus its policy to prevent rent seeking activities. The literature study presented in this paper is aimed to provide important insight for government entities in focusing their policies and programs to avoid resources curse. From the internal audit perspective, this study is expected to improve internal audit’s role in assurance and consulting.

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