The Role of Mentors in the Struggle against Poverty: Critical Social Navigation as a Tool for Postsecondary Preparation

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary Montuori
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Social Navigation ◽  
School Settings ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty ◽  
Formal School ◽  
Complex Question

Families disadvantaged by poverty face higher risk factors for poor health, incarceration, and abuse of all kinds. Their children are the most likely to perform poorly in formal school settings and to leave the system early. In the United States, poverty is most frequently found at the intersections of race, class, and gender. Thus, poverty is both a source of great inequality and deeply embedded in our social structure. How then, do we interrupt this cycle of oppression? One answer to this complex question has been higher education. Yet, successfully attaining a college degree is both an immense challenge and, on its own, insufficient for youth disadvantaged by poverty. In order to break the cycle of poverty, these youth need to first understand, and secondly work around or resist, the inequitable circumstances that inevitably shape their lives. Only then will benchmarks like employment or college enrollment become meaningful tools to youth disadvantaged by poverty. As applied anthropologists, we can help interrupt the cycle of oppression by shedding light on the essential nuances of race, class, and gender within the context of poverty. Non-profit programming and government policies created to aid youth and families in poverty will benefit greatly from incorporating anthropological insights into the foundations of their planning and practice.

scholarly journals What Lies Beneath: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Causal Attribution Habits, and Gender in Accounting for the Success of College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Kerstin Hamann ◽  
Maura A. E. Pilotti ◽  
Bruce M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Course Grades ◽  
Success In Higher Education ◽  
And Gender

Existing research has identified gender as a driving variable of student success in higher education: women attend college at a higher rate and are also more successful than their male peers. We build on the extant literature by asking whether specific cognitive variables (i.e., self-efficacy and causal attribution habits) distinguish male and female students with differing academic performance levels. Using a case study, we collected data from students enrolled in a general education course (sample size N = 400) at a large public university in the United States. Our findings indicate that while students’ course grades and cumulative college grades did not vary by gender, female and male students reported different self-efficacy and causal attribution habits for good grades and poor grades. To illustrate, self-efficacy for female students is broad and stretches across all their courses; in contrast, for male students, it is more limited to specific courses. These gender differences in cognition, particularly in accounting for undesirable events, may assist faculty members and advisors in understanding how students respond to difficulties and challenges.

scholarly journals How do Public Officials Learn About Policy? A Field Experiment on Policy Diffusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Miguel M. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Policy Learning ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Non Profit

Abstract Prior research suggests that partisanship can influence how legislators learn from each other. However, same-party governments are also more likely to share similar issues, ideological preferences and constituency demands. Establishing a causal link between partisanship and policy learning is difficult. In collaboration with a non-profit organization, this study isolates the role of partisanship in a real policy learning context. As part of a campaign promoting a new policy among local representatives in the United States, the study randomized whether the initiative was endorsed by co-partisans, out-partisans or both parties. The results show that representatives are systematically more interested in the same policy when it is endorsed by co-partisans. Bipartisan initiatives also attract less interest than co-partisan policies, and no more interest than out-partisan policies, even in more competitive districts. Together, the results suggest that ideological considerations cannot fully explain partisan-based learning. The study contributes to scholarship on policy diffusion, legislative signaling and interest group access.

Community Collaboration in Disaster: The Role of Voluntary Agencies

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Dusty Bowenkamp
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Serious Injuries

AbstractAlthough the United States has been impacted by numerous devastating disasters over the last 10 years, there have been only limited efforts between the governmental and non-profit/voluntary organizations to meet the multiple disaster health and mental health needs of the community. Too often, responding organizations compete to provide services, duplicate efforts, and frequently under-estimate the need for services.Recent efforts have been undertaken by The American Red Cross and other groups to resolve this issue. Governmental and community-based organizations have been invited to participate in planning sessions to pre-identify roles and responsibilities, as well as to exchange key information about the services each group can and does provide.These efforts have lead to an increased awareness of the potential problems and the development of cohesive plans to provide medical and emotional support services to impacted communities. This has led to improved care for those with serious injuries or psychological crisis, while those with less critical problems have been managed appropriately without needing to be immediately referred to overcrowded emergency departments or physician's offices.

scholarly journals The work of economics: how a discipline makes its world

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

What is the work of economics? How does it operate to establish facts and make them stable? Is it sometimes able to use the world as a laboratory? If so, what measures are necessary to organize the world as a laboratory for economic experiments? To what extent do these measures rely upon the efforts of nonacademic economists, and of other social agents and arrangements including think tanks, government policies, development programs, NGOs, and social movements? A recent “natural experiment” using the social world as a laboratory, carried out in Peru, produced remarkable results, enthusiastically received by economists in the United States and by international development agencies. The paper examines the work of organizing the socio-technical world required to produce this knowledge, the curious kind of facts that were produced, the connections among those involved in this work, in particular the organized work of the neoliberal movement, and the role of the new facts in making possible further efforts at economic experimentation.

Gendered experiences of African male learners in child- and youth-headed households: implications for the role of psychologists

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Hage ◽  
Jace Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Area Data

The aim of this study was to describe the gendered experiences of African male learners living in child- and youth-headed households. The participants included seven male learners, identified through a non-profit organisation in the Soweto area. Data were collected through individual interviews, collages, and essays and analysed using qualitative content and thematic analysis. The theoretical framework included the works of Erikson and Nsamenang. The findings indicated that cultural practices and gender roles of boys were important aspects for the participants. Also, the presence of an older male figure in their lives was crucial. The social support from family and friends made a significant difference for them. Their resilience was seen in their desire to be educated so that they could have a better future, as well as in their ability to not engage in community violence. Based on the findings, relevant recommendations are provided with emphasis on the role of psychologists.

Kinship and Crisis: Embedded Economic Pressures and Gender Ideals in Postsocialist International Matchmaking

Slavic Review ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Patico
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transnational Marriage ◽  
Gender Ideals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
East West

The rise of the international matchmaking industry has been particularly rapid and noticeable in the former Soviet Union, where the end of the Cold War has intersected with daily socioeconomic pressures to make cross-cultural romance and marriage newly possible and newly desirable for some women of Russia, Ukraine, and other post-Soviet states. Less acknowledged than the role of economics in women's decision making, however, is the fact that postsocialist financial strains are not experienced in social vacuums but are mediated by ideals of gender and marriage, such that the search for a foreign spouse is unlikely to be experienced as a simple desire for increased material comfort. Instead, discourses of gender “crisis” in the home country inform the desires for transnational kinship for both women from the former Soviet Union and men from the United States. When both women's and men's narratives of “crisis” (and how transnational marriage might alleviate it) are taken into account, they significantly complicate our understandings of east-west relations of “commodification” and power.

scholarly journals Is Gender a Driver of Topic Choice? A Comparative Keyword Analysis of Political Cable News Interviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mariasophia Falcone ◽  
Belinda Crawford Camiciottoli
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Cable News ◽  
Political News ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
News Networks ◽  
And Gender ◽  
American Society ◽  
News Interviews

Cable news networks have become an increasingly important source of political news in the United States. They wield considerable influence on public opinion, particularly in relation to current issues involving social roles and gender dynamics. This study offers insights into how the choice of topic in political cable news interviews may be influenced by the gender of participants. A corpus of 40 political cable news interviews was compiled and analyzed on the basis of various combinations of male and female interviewers and interviewees. Corpus software was implemented to extract keywords that were then grouped to identify prominent topics according to gender. Topics discussed exclusively among male participants were more issue oriented (i.e., immigration, healthcare, the economy, and gun control) as compared to those discussed exclusively among female participants that were more in social nature (i.e., personal matters, the Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination, and tech giants in the context of social justice). Results showed that topics emerging from the female participants’ discourse were aligned with some widely held perceptions of women’s speech. At the same time, other features of the female participants’ speech appeared to be driven largely by their professional and institutional roles, and thus, not aligned with stereotypical perceptions. The findings have implications for the role of media and cable news in contemporary American society in avoiding the perpetration of gender-related topic bias.

scholarly journals Re-Dressing Race and Gender: The Performance and Politics of Eldridge Cleaver’s Pants

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Art Blake
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Fashion Studies ◽  
Politics And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Eldridge Cleaver

In Paris in 1975 Eldridge Cleaver, exiled revolutionary African American activist, former Minister of Information for the Black Panther Party, appeared in photographs and newspaper articles wearing, and discussing, pants he had designed. The major innovation in Cleaver’s pants was a redesigned crotch: instead of the usual button and zip front opening, his pants featured a soft panel with a protuberant fabric appendage into which Cleaver intended the wearer’s penis to fit. Why did Cleaver channel his intelligence and creativity into menswear at that moment? How did Cleaver’s penis-positive pants design resonate in 1975 with black politics and gender politics? And why am I, a queer transgendered man, writing about these pants? Through this article I hope to contribute to a discussion in fashion studies about the materiality of bodies and the role of self-fashioning, particularly for those living in resistance to dominant codes of gender and race. I situate and analyze Cleaver’s pants in a broad context of the postwar politics of dressing and redressing race and gender in the United States, with references to a longer American history, as well as to a global context of clothing in a postcolonial era. The pants, in both their design and in the act of being worn, materialize acts of raced and gendered insurrection, but in a web of historical power relations that privilege whiteness and cisgender masculinity.

scholarly journals Poverty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty

This paper discusses the role of social scientific expertise in the emergence of poverty as a problem and a priority for public intervention in the United States during the 1960s. That the social scientific experts defined “the poverty problem” narrowly, as a problem of individuals lacking income or otherwise caught in a “cycle of poverty,” can be understood in terms of a series of historical transformations that played out in overlapping processes of disembedding: of social science from social reform; of economic from social and political knowledge; and of poverty from the study of structured patterns and experiences of stratification and inequality. The structurally disembedded, individualized concept of poverty that emerged from these transformations presented Great Society liberal reformers with a legible problem that they could fix without recourse to major reforms. It would eventually be recast by neoliberal reformers to justify a more ideological form of disembedding that shifted the boundaries of responsibility for dealing with poverty from the social and the public to the individual and personal.

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