scholarly journals What Lies Beneath: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Causal Attribution Habits, and Gender in Accounting for the Success of College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Kerstin Hamann ◽  
Maura A. E. Pilotti ◽  
Bruce M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Course Grades ◽  
Success In Higher Education ◽  
And Gender

Existing research has identified gender as a driving variable of student success in higher education: women attend college at a higher rate and are also more successful than their male peers. We build on the extant literature by asking whether specific cognitive variables (i.e., self-efficacy and causal attribution habits) distinguish male and female students with differing academic performance levels. Using a case study, we collected data from students enrolled in a general education course (sample size N = 400) at a large public university in the United States. Our findings indicate that while students’ course grades and cumulative college grades did not vary by gender, female and male students reported different self-efficacy and causal attribution habits for good grades and poor grades. To illustrate, self-efficacy for female students is broad and stretches across all their courses; in contrast, for male students, it is more limited to specific courses. These gender differences in cognition, particularly in accounting for undesirable events, may assist faculty members and advisors in understanding how students respond to difficulties and challenges.

scholarly journals Students’ Self-Efficacy, Causal Attribution Habits and Test Grades

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Kerstin Hamann ◽  
Maura A. E. Pilotti ◽  
Bruce M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
General Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Test Preparation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public University ◽  
Final Examination ◽  
Subjective Confidence ◽  
Different Levels

Why do students vary in their performance on exams? It may be that their test preparation is insufficient because they overestimate their anticipated grade. Our study investigates four issues related to performance on a final examination. First, we analyze whether students’ ability to accurately predict their grade and their subjective confidence in this prediction may account for their grade. Second, we ask whether students at different levels of performance vary in their ability to accurately predict their grade, and if so, whether subjective confidence also differs. Third, we ask whether the accuracy and confidence of learners’ predictions are conditioned by self-efficacy beliefs and causal attribution habits, which serve as indices of motivation for test preparation. Fourth, we ask whether different causal attribution preferences contribute to self-efficacy. We use statistical analysis of data from a general education course at a large public university in the United States. Our results indicate that poor performers’ overestimates are likely to be wishful thinking as they are expressed with low subjective confidence. Self-efficacy is a significant contributor to the inaccuracy of students’ predicted grades and subjective confidence in such predictions. Professors’ understanding of learners’ forecasting mechanisms informs strategies devoted to academic success.

Teacher’s Efficacy as Predictor of Self- Efficacy Among Students In Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzila Nabeel ◽  
Huma Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
And Gender ◽  
General Self Efficacy

The study examined the role of teachers’ self-efficacy as a predictor of general perceived self-efficacy among students. For this purpose, a sample of 300 teachers and 300 students was selected from different educational institutions of Pakistan. Teachers were categorized into two groups; experienced and inexperienced. To achieve the objectives of the study two instruments i.e.; Teachers’ self-efficacy Scale and General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) were used. In addition short demographic sheets for the teachers and students were used indicating teachers’ institutional affiliation and experience, and students’ educational institutes, ages and gender. Part I of the study dealt with determining the psychometric properties of the scales and the pilot study and Part II consisted of the main study. Statistical analyses of the main study revealed a significant positive correlation between teachers’ self-efficacy and general self-efficacy among students. Experienced teachers showed more teachers’ self-efficacy as compared to inexperienced teachers. Overall mean scores of female students were comparatively higher on General self-efficacy scale as compared to the male students. Students belonging to the late adolescence showed more self-efficacy as compared to the students categorized as early adolescence group. Simple linear regression analyses suggested that teacher self-efficacy contribute positively to self-efficacy among students.   Keywords - Teachers’ self-efficacy, General perceived self-efficacy

scholarly journals Profile of Creativity in Mathematical Problem Solving in terms of Self-Efficacy and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Asmaul Husnah Amri ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Given

This research is a qualitative research that aims to determine the profile of creativity in solving mathematical problems in terms of self-efficacy and gender in class X SMKN 4 Bone. The subjects in this study were X students of SMKN 4 Bone Pinrang which consisted of 4 subjects namely one male with high self-efficacy, one female with high self-efficacy, one male with low self-efficacy and one female with high self-efficacy. - low efficacy. The instrument used is the researcher himself as the main instrument assisted by self-efficacy tests, math problem solving tests and interviews designed to suit creativity. Data was collected by means of task analysis and interviews. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis techniques. The results of the study show that: 1) the profile of creativity in solving math problems of high self-efficacy male students are: a) at the stage of formulating problems, high self-efficacy male students are able to interpret the problem by illustrating what is known in the form of pictures according to their understanding through writing. b) at the stage of planning problem solving, high self-efficacy male students are able to plan appropriate ideas or methods that will be used to answer the given problem, c) at the stage of generating problems, self-efficacy male students students with high self-efficacy are able to do calculations through ideas or previously planned methods. 2) the profile of creativity in solving mathematical problems of female students with high self-efficacy are: a) at the stage of formulating problems, female students with high self-efficacy are able to collect and organize information to understand problems according to their understanding through writing, b) at the stage of planning problem solving, female students with high self-efficacy are able to plan ideas or appropriate methods that will be used to answer problems, c) at the stage of producing, female students with high self-efficacy are able to answer problems through ideas that are planned as before. 3) the profile of creativity in solving mathematical problems of male students with low self-efficacy are: a) at the stage of formulating problems, male students with low self-efficacy are able to collect and organize information to understand the problem, b) at the planning stage, students boys with low self-efficacy are able to plan ideas, c) at the stage of generating, male students with low self-efficacy are able to do the correct calculations through formulas or previously planned methods. 4) the profile of creativity in problem solving in female students with low self-efficacy: a) at the stage of formulating, women with low self-efficacy do not understand the problem as a whole because they only quote the information written in the questions, b) at the planning stage, women with low self-efficacy has not been able to plan the right ideas or methods that will be used to answer the given problems, c) at the generating stage, women with low self-efficacy are not able to do calculations correctly through ideas or methods. pre-planned way.

scholarly journals The Development of Questionnaire to Investigate Students� Attitudes and Approaches in Physics Problem Solving

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sirait ◽  
L. Sutrisno ◽  
N. Balta ◽  
A. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Physics Education ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
And Gender

This study aims to develop physics problem solving survey utilized to obtain students attitude and approach while solving physics problem. Several steps are conducted to develop the survey: validating, computing reliability, and testing. This research involves Physics Education students-Tanjungpura University who study at Fourth and Sixth semester. Furthermore, after questionnaire administered to the students, data are analysed through determining average score of the students and computing average percentage of students who are agree, neutral, and disagree based on semester and gender. The results show that the sixth semester students responses are more expertlike than those of the fourth semester students and female students are less expert than those male students. Based on semester and gender, majority of students have the same attitudes and approaches while solving problems. Students and experts have different attitudes about the role of mathematics in problem solving.

scholarly journals Investigation on Health Promotion by the Typical Sports for Teenagers with Self-Efficacy and Sports Commitment Questionnaires

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Qiaoyin Tan ◽  
Weide Shao
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

This work studied the health promotion by the typical sports using self-efficacy and sports commitment questionnaires for 804 teenagers, who were from different interest-oriented sport classes. Five typical interest-oriented sport classes were selected due to the difference in sport characteristics: basketball, swimming, tennis, taekwondo, and archery. Statistical analyses, ANOVA analysis, and multiple comparisons (with least significant difference, LSD) were applied to the collected data. It has been found that boys and girls have similar self-efficacy of adolescent sports health. Adolescents’ self-efficacy of sports health has significant differences among different sports items, where the basketball group scored the highest. Adolescents in the professional level have the highest self-efficacy of sports health, whereas the skillful level and beginner level have no significant difference. The male students are more enthusiastic and fond of sports than female students. There are significant differences between sports commitment and sports health of adolescents in different sports, where the basketball group scored the highest. Exercise induces higher score of sports commitment; however, no significant difference is observed for the skillful level and the beginner level. The significant positive correlation is found between sports health and self-efficacy and sports commitment, self-efficacy, and sports commitment. Besides, the role of self-efficacy is partial intermediary between sports health and sports commitment.

scholarly journals Strategies-Based ESP Instruction (SBI) of Reading Comprehension: Male vs. Female Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Seyyed Hossein Kashef ◽  
Ayoob Damavand ◽  
Azizollah Viyani
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Reading Comprehension Instruction ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Method Of Instruction ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Age Range

The present study aimed at exploring the effect of a Strategies-Based Instruction (SBI) on improving male and female students' reading comprehension ability in an ESP context. The main assumption was that SBI would be more successful in developing reading comprehension of females compared to male students through using effective strategies and skills delivered in SBI method. The participants, within the age range of 18-22, included 24 male and 26 female students who were an intact experimental group. Following a pretest, treatment (15 weeks, 2 sessions per week), and a posttest, the obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA to examine the effects of the independent variables, namely, method of instruction and gender. The results of the analysis showed that although the teaching intervention had a significant effect on students' reading comprehension, gender’s effect was not significant. The findings are discussed in relation to effective reading comprehension instruction through the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies in ESP teaching contexts.

scholarly journals I am smart, therefore I can: examining the relationship between IQ and self-efficacy across cultures

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diomaris E.S. Jurecska ◽  
Chloe E. Lee ◽  
Kelly B.T. Chang ◽  
Elizabeth Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between intelligence (IQ) and self-efficacy in children and adolescents living in the United States and Nicaragua. The sample consisted of 90 (46 male, 44 female) students (mean age=11.57 years, SD=3.0 years) referred by school administrators and faculty. United States (US) participants (n=27) resided in rural counties in the Northwest. The other group consisted of 63 students from Central America. A comparison between groups revealed that in the US, sample higher grades and IQ scores are typically associated with higher levels of self-efficacy. However in the Nicaraguan sample, both IQ scores and grades were not associated with self-efficacy, although age was correlated with self-efficacy. Results suggest that the construct of self-efficacy might change depending on whether one belongs to an individualistic or collectivistic society. Additionally, the effects of socioeconomic factors might influence perceived ability even more than intellectual abilities.

scholarly journals Effect of Self-esteem on Perceived Job Insecurity: The Moderating Role of Self-efficacy and Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Adewale A. Adekiya
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
International Markets ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Perceived Job Insecurity

AbstractThe high rate of job loss in most crude oil dependent countries, which may be attributed to the recent drop in the price of this commodity in international markets, has intensified the perception of threats associated with potential job loss among the employees who are still employed. Hence, perceived job insecurity, its associated outcome, coupled with how it can be mitigated has become a global phenomenon, which requires the attention of managers and practitioners alike. In this work, we built upon Hobfall’s conservation of resource theory (CRT) to present a research model that links employee’s self-efficacy and gender to the strength or weakness of the relationship between self-esteem and self-perceived job insecurity. Research data were collected from 153 randomly selected Nigerian Bank employees out of 217 drawn from a total population of 509. Based on the results from relevant statistical analysis, it is discovered that, while increase in self-esteem would lead to a significant decrease in job insecurity perception, such significant decrease is, however, not associated with self-efficacy and gender meaning that these variables are not moderators in the self-esteem/perceived job insecurity relationship. In line with these outcomes, we conclude by recommending that managers should focus on developing intervention strategies aimed at improving employee self-esteem with a view of reducing perceived job insecurity. In addition, important areas in need of future research were also identified.

scholarly journals The Correlation between Perceived Peer Norms in Attitude and Self-Efficacy Premarital Sexual Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 555-558
Author(s):  
Katayon Vakilian ◽  
Afsaneh Keramat
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Sexual Abstinence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman Test

Background and Aims: Adolescence is a period of life in which high-risk behaviors, including sexual behaviors, put the adolescents at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS. This research aimed at studying the relationship between peers' perception of sexual behavior and adolescents' attitudes and self-efficacy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used a multi-stage method to examine 1500 subjects in the universities of Shahroud, Iran. The questionnaires were consisted of sexual abstinence attitude, abstinence self-efficacy and peer subjective norms. To ensure the confidentiality of information, the questionnaire was distributed among 1500 students in six universities anonymously, and students҆ field of study was not mentioned. The collected data was analyzed with descriptive (Mean, Percent) and inferential tests (independent t-test, chi2, and Spearman test) using SPSS 18 software. Results: The mean age of the females was 20.26±1.49, and that of males was 20.32±1.575. 59.3% of male students and 86.8% of female students had poor sexual abstinence to sex before marriage. Moreover, the sexual abstinence self-efficacy of 29% of male students and 13.1% of female students, regarding the sexual abstinence before marriage, was strong. Findings showed that the more one believes in his/her abilities in sexual abstinence, the more they believe that their friends will not be involved in sex Conclusion: It is required to provide the opportunities to learn and correct the socio-emotional skills required for physical and sexual health in relationships through social interactions with peers. In this context, the reproductive health programs need to be prioritized in the youth health programs and schools

scholarly journals Future Career anxiety & Its Relation with Self- Efficacy among the General Education Diploma Students in South Al Batinah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman: قلق الـمستقبل المهني وعلاقته بفاعلية الذات المهنية لدى طلبة دبلوم التعليم العام بمحافظة جنوب الباطنة في سلطنة عُمان

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Humaid Saif Almuqbali, Abdel Fattah Mohammed Saeed Al- K
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Future Career ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Career Anxiety ◽  
General Education Diploma ◽  
The Relationship

The study aims to identify the relationship between future career anxiety & self- efficacy among students of the General Education Diploma in South al Batinah Governorate in Oman. A descriptive research design used; In order to achieve the objectives of the study, two scales were applied: the future career Anxiety Scale & Self- Efficacy Scale on a sample of 488 male & female students. The results of the study showed that the level of professional career anxiety & level of self- efficacy among students are in general moderate. And there is a negative statistically correlation between future career anxiety & self- efficacy. The study recommends conducting counseling programs to reduce the level of future career anxiety among diploma students ([1])  هذا البحث مستل من رسالة ماجستير إرشاد وتوجيه، جامعة نزوى، للطالب علي المقبالي، وإشراف د.عبد الفتاح الخواجه، 2019م.

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