scholarly journals Ischemic and nonischemic manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S I Tukhfatullina ◽  
D D Gaynetdinova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Cerebral Pathology

Hypercoagulability syndrome is an actual multidisciplinary problem of the last decade. Blood clotting disorders leading to hypercoagulability syndrome may manifest as different diseases in neurology, obstetrics, rheumatology, surgery, including diseases of pregnancy. Antiphospholipid syndrome is the most common form of hypercoagulability syndrome, which often develops at a young age, in children and even infants, with female-male ratio of 5. Causes and pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome are not fully clear. This problem is especially important for pregnant women. Almost a third of refractory pregnancy losses are associated with antiphospholipid antibodies formation. Main manifestations of this condition include thrombotic events during pregnancy and the postpartum period, including cerebral pathology in both mother and child. Central nervous system damage in this condition may have both ischemic (cerebrovascular accident) and nonischemic (primary immune-mediated damage of the nervous system) genesis. The variety of neurological disorders associated with antiphospholipid syndrome is very wide, from cerebrovascular disorders, migraine and migrainous headaches to chorea and seizures. Headaches are the most common reason for pregnant women to seek neurologic help. Pregnancy associated with high titers of antiphospholipid antibodies often end as early gestation stage stillbirth. Children born to mothers with antiphospholipid syndrome in 20% of cases develop neurological symptoms of ischemic and non-ischemic origin. Thus, antiphospholipid syndrome requires special attention for early and timely diagnosis, especially in women planning pregnancy and in pregnant women for the preventing serious complications, both in mother and fetus.

scholarly journals Features of nervous system damage in antiphospholipid syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-414
Author(s):  
O. N. Voskresenskaya ◽  
V. O. Bitsadze ◽  
J. Kh. Khizroeva ◽  
T. A. Sukontseva ◽  
M. V. Tretyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Interdisciplinary Interaction

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune process that increases the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis. The mechanism of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) can be not only due to thrombosis, but also antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) circulating in the peripheral blood. The latter can damage the cerebral vascular endothelium, alter the resistance of the blood-brain barrier and penetrate into the central nervous system, exerting a damaging effect on astroglia and neurons, as evidenced by the release of neurospecific proteins into the peripheral bloodstream. The role of APS in developing cerebral ischemia, migraine, epilepsy, chorea, transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment and mental disorders, as well as the peripheral nervous system is described. It should also be noted about a role of APS for emerging neurological disorders in COVID-19, enabled apart from thrombogenesis due to APA via 2 potential mechanisms - molecular mimicry and neoepitope formation. Further study of the APS pathogenesis and interdisciplinary interaction are necessary to develop effective methods for patient management.

Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Probasco
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Paraneoplastic neurological disorders (PNDs) are estimated to affect approximately 0.01% of all patients with cancer. The majority of PNDs are thought to be the byproduct of immune-mediated processes directed against tumor-related antigens, processes which are sometimes effective against a systemic cancer. The inciting cancer is often asymptomatic or occult, with patients presenting to the neurologist with a variety of neurological symptoms and signs depending on the area(s) of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system involved. The diagnosis of a PND is reserved for patients with histologically proven cancer; however, clinical presentation and diagnostic test results may make the diagnosis of a PND highly probable in the absence of the diagnosis of a cancer.

Particle counting immunoassay of S100 protein in serum. Possible relevance in tumors and ischemic disorders of the central nervous system.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
O C Fagnart ◽  
C J Sindic ◽  
C Laterre
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Particle Counting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract S100 protein (S100) was assayed by particle counting immunoassay in serum samples from 50 healthy individuals, 325 patients with various neurological disorders, and 20 patients with malignant melanoma. The detection limit for this protein was 0.3 microgram/L. We detected none in healthy individuals or in 50 patients with multiple sclerosis, 23 with dementia, or 20 with meningitis. S100 was detectable in serum of only a few patients with meningoradiculitis (2/20), peripheral neuropathy (2/30), encephalitis (1/14), Guillain-Barré syndrome (1/25), or AIDS (2/20). In contrast, we observed high concentrations in 29 of 75 patients with tumors of the central nervous system, especially in meningioma (6/9), glioblastoma (9/23), and neurinoma (5/5). Values for S100 were mainly abnormally high (greater than 0.3 microgram/L) in serum from patients with cerebrovascular disorders (43/48) or with metastases of melanoma (9/11).

scholarly journals Nutritional status of children with CNS  diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Flak-Wancerz ◽  
Urszula Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Abstract Background Children with neurological disorders are frequently subject to malnutrition, stunted growth or underweight. These are accompanied with oral cavity motility disorders, swallowing disorders and gastroesophageal reflux. Frequently, there is growing insufficiency of the body mass caused by the loss of adipose tissue, decreasing BMI and muscular atrophy, which leads to increased risk of complications and deaths due to nutrition disorders The aim of this research was to examine the state of nutrition of children with central nervous system damage, depending on age, a neurological disorder and the degree of dysphagia. Materials and methods The research encompassed 74 children diagnosed with damage of the central nervous system and sent to the Pediatric Clinic of the Silesian University in Katowice. The children were between 2 and 16 years old and they were subject to the examination from August 2012 to November 2014. The research made use of the prospective method with the help of medical examination, documentation analysis, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests of patients divided into groups depending on their age, a neurological disorder and the degree of dysphagia. Results Using cut-off values of BMI for the population of children according to the WHO reference grids, 62.16% of children showed significant underweight, and 4.06% of children were affected by overweight or obesity. Having analysed the anthropometric measurements, it was possible to prove the connection between BMI, the thickness of the skin fold over the three-headed and the two-headed muscle and the degree of dysphagia and a neurological disorder. On the other hand, there was no connection to the patients’ age. Conclusions Children with cerebral palsy and encephalopathy are more frequently affected by malnutrition than with other causes of central nervous system damage. Children with a higher degree of dysphagia are more frequently affected by underweight and insufficient growth. The patients' age does not influence malnutrition in a substantial way. Keywords: malnutrition, neurological disorders, status of nutrition

Paraneoplastic and Idiopathic Autoimmune Neurological Disorders Affecting the Central Nervous System and Autoimmune Dysautonomia

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-265
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Zalewski ◽  
Sean J. Pittock
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This chapter is an examination of immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorders, which have increasingly been recognized as a critical disease category in the field of neurology. The chapter looks at clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment. The chapter also looks to the future. The field of immune-mediated neurological diseases is rapidly growing. New autoantibodies are being discovered at a rapid rate, helping unveil the mystery behind the challenging neurological presentations in many patients.

FEATURES AND PROGNOSIS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA CHARACTERIZED BY METHODS OF FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Dilnoza Shomurodova ◽  
◽  
Aziz Djurabekova ◽  
Mavlyudaxon Mamurova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Functional Diagnostics ◽  
Functional Studies

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy and one of the main causes of cerebrovascular disorders. The purpose of our study was to study the features and prognosis of nervous system damage in pregnant women with preeclampsia characterized by functional diagnostics methods. The methods of clinical and neurological, laboratory and biochemical,as well as functional studies, such as ultrasound dopplerography, transcranial dopplerography (US DG, TKDG), were used in the work.

scholarly journals The spectrum of clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Camelia C. Diaconu ◽  
◽  
Giorgiana Dediu ◽  
Bianca Paraschiv ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Antiphospholipid syndrome is an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by the appearance of thrombosis (venous, arterial and microvascular) and/or complications during pregnancy, in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The clinical spectrum of the disease is now more complex and include organ-specific and systemic symptoms induced not only by thrombotic mechanisms, but also immune-mediated. Patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome should be evaluated clinically and laboratory periodically to detect lung damage, cardiac, neurological, skin, eye, hematological, gastrointestinal complications.

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