scholarly journals The Possibility of Using Role-Play to Train Executive Functions in Preschoolers

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
A.N. Veraksa ◽  
O.V. Almazova ◽  
D.A. Bukhalenkova ◽  
M.N. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
Positive Effect

In modern pre-school education, more and more time is devoted to educational activities, while kindergarten children have very little time to play. However, play activity is extremely important for the development of inhibition in preschoolers. The article presents results of a study on the relationship between the child's acceptance of different roles (positive, wise or negative hero) and the success of executive function tasks implementation (cognitive flexibility and self-restraint). The study involved 81 children aged 5—6 years of Moscow kindergartens. Assessment of the level of executive functions development was carried out three times: pre-test (without a role), test (task execution in a role), post-test (without a role) using the same complex of methods. Based on the results of the pre-test, preschoolers were divided into 4 groups (3 experimental and one control). Ekvivalent groups formation was carried out basing on the actual level of executive functions development (low and high level) and on the number of boys and girls included in each of the groups. The study showed that the adoption of the role can have both positive and negative impacts on the success of executive function tasks implementation, depending on the type of task and the level of inhibition in preschoolers. The roles of the positive and wise characters had a positive effect in all three tasks, and the role of the negative character had of positive effect only in the tasks on behavioral and cognitive restraining control (in the task on cognitive flexibility it had a negative effect). In addition, role-taking in children with low levels of executive functions interfered with the behavioral control task, whereas in the cognitive control task, role-taking contributed to improved outcomes. Thus, accepting a role can help a preschooler to regulate their behavior, which confirms the role of play as the leading activity in preschool age.

scholarly journals Musical Activities, Prosocial Behaviors, and Executive Function Skills of Kindergarten Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205920432110548
Author(s):  
Beatriz Ilari ◽  
Susan Helfter ◽  
Tina Huynh ◽  
Alice Bowmer ◽  
Kathryn Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Prosocial Skills ◽  
Music Program

Prosocial behaviors and executive function are staples of child development. Engagement in music has been associated with enhanced prosocial behaviors and executive function skills in children and youth. Yet, research concerning the role of formal music programs in the development of these important behaviors and skills remains elusive. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the role of a 5-week music program on prosocial behaviors (instrumental helping and sharing) and executive function skills (cognitive flexibility and working memory/inhibition control) of 103 kindergarten children from two public schools in a large urban center in the United States, serving predominantly Latinx children from underserved communities. Our data suggested that the short music program positively influenced children's cognitive flexibility, but not working memory, nor prosocial skills (sharing and helping). Findings are discussed in light of earlier studies, methodological issues, and limitations, and in relation to developmental and cultural issues surrounding child participants. Implications for future research and practice are outlined.

scholarly journals INTERCONNECTION OF METACOGNITION AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS IN CHILDHOOD: CULTURAL-HISTORICAL CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-113
Author(s):  
A.N. Veraksa ◽  
N.E. Veraksa
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The review is devoted to the relationship between executive functions and metacognition in the context of a cultural-historical perspective. On the basis of the research carried out over the past 15 years, the commonality and differences of these constructs are shown. Special attention is paid to the development of executive functions and metacognition, their connection with the academic success of children, the role of the social aspect in their formation. The importance of an adult in the directed formation of metacognition and self-regulation is shown, which confirms the provisions of the cultural-historical theory. Within the framework of the cultural-historical paradigm, several mechanisms for the development of executive functions are considered: imitation based on understanding; sign mediation; as well as communication in a social developmental situation. L.S. Vygotsky noted that higher mental functions arise on the basis of real interactions of people, are interiorized, turning into psychological functions. The review showed that one of the most common models of the structure of executive functions is a model that includes such components as “working memory”, “inhibitory control” and “cognitive flexibility”. Based on the analysis, it is possible to assert the influence of J. Piaget’s concept on the development of executive functions. A certain difficulty is caused by the explanation of emotional regulation in the context of metacognitive problems. At the same time, L.S. Vygotsky spoke about the unity of affect and intellect, which suggests the existence behavioral control and, in particular, of emotional processes at the level of metacognitive processes.

scholarly journals Executive Functions and Their Relationship with the Development of Russian Speech in Bilingual and Monolingual Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-425
Author(s):  
Vera Yu. Khotinets ◽  
Sofya A. Salnova
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Udmurt Republic

The article discusses the results of a study of the relationship between executive functions (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working (speech and visual) memory and the development of Russian speech in children with natural bilingualism and monolinguals in older preschool age. The study involved 63 preschool children (50.8% - boys) aged from 5.6 to 7.3 years (M = 6.42, Med = 6.4) from preschool institutions of Izhevsk (Udmurt Republic). The sample included 31 children with natural bilingualism (Udmurt/Russian language) and 32 monolinguals (Russian language). Standardised methods in the Russian-language version were used to identify the executive functions: the method of verbal-colour interference of by J. Stroop (inhibitory control), the method of studying the learning ability by A.Y. Ivanova (cognitive flexibility) and the test tasks Speech Memory and Visual Memory (working memory). The level of speech development was measured using the test tasks Speech Antonyms, Speech Classifications and Arbitrary Mastery of Speech developed by L.А. Yasyukova. The following mathematical statistics methods were used: descriptive statistics, Mann - Whitney U-test and Spearman rank correlations. According to the results of the study, the facts of the advantages of bilingualism in older preschool age in executive functions, in particular, in inhibitory control cognitive flexibility and speech memory were confirmed. At the same time, no general patterns were determined in the development of Russian speech (L2) in connection with the development of the executive functions of bilingual children: this is explained by the individualisation of the processes of linking the components of speech activity in the second language and cognitive control. In monolingual preschoolers, the speech development in their native language (L1) is associated with the formation of higher mental (executive) functions and the development of the ability to control information processing.

scholarly journals Executive functions assessment and treatment at preschool age: a case report of a child at risk of ADHD

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Stievano ◽  
Giovanni Valeri
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

An attention deficit hyperactivity disorder &(ADHD) single case was analyzed using a battery of developmentally sensitive measures of executive functions in young children. The child was then trained with executive function tasks similar to tests in which he had failed. A training program was administered individually in 45 minute sessions, 3 days a week for a month. The child was tested before training, after training, and in a five-months follow-up. Results show improvements in executive function tasks. Positive ecological impact of the training was confirmed by parents and teachers.

scholarly journals Increasing smoking cessation adherence: Do we need to consider the role of executive function and rumination?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marianna Masiero ◽  
Mark Cropley ◽  
Gabriella Pravettoni
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Directing Attention ◽  
Potential Moderator

Despite the cost and health consequences, a large number of people continue to smoke cigarettes worldwide every day. Notwithstanding, there have been a number of interventions to help people stop smoking but, in general, these have produced only limited success, and better interventions are needed. Accruing evidence affirmed that rumination and executive function play a pivotal role in cigarette smoking behavior, and in this editorial, we describe and discuss the key findings between these constructs and smoking, and argue that an impairment in executive functions does not act alone, but interacts with rumination by directing attention to depressive thoughts, thereby reducing the ability of smokers to engage in constructive behaviors, such as quitting smoking. Finally, we offer a new theory-driven model based on a deep understanding of the interactions between executive functions and rumination and potential moderator effects.

scholarly journals Peran Orang Tua dalam Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Maria Rosina Manbait ◽  
Ferdinan Fankari ◽  
Apri Adiari Manu ◽  
Emma Krisyudhanti
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
General Description ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Abstract: The Role of Parents in the Maintenance of Dental and Mouth Health. Dental health education must be introduced as early as possible to children so they can know how to maintain oral and dental health properly. The active role of parents in the development of children is very necessary when they are still under preschool age. The active role of parents in question is to guide, provide understanding, remind, and provide facilities to children. Preschoolers cannot maintain their health properly and effectively, so parents must keep an eye on this procedure continuously. The purpose of this study was to determine the general description of the role of parents of Rosa Mystica Liliba Kupang kindergartens in maintaining oral health. This type of research is a descriptive study describing the role of parents of Rosa Mystica Liliba Kupang kindergartens in maintaining oral health regarding the regulation of children's eating diets, how to brush their teeth properly, and control dental health. This research method is descriptive research. The results of this study indicate the role of parents in regulating dietary foods including moderate criteria, how to brush teeth properly including good criteria and control of oral health including good criteria. Overall, the role of parents of kindergarten children Rosa Mystica Liliba in maintaining oral health has good criteria. The conclusion of this study is the role of parents of Rosa Mystica Liliba Kindergarten children in maintaining oral health is good but the right action has not been implemented so that the average dental caries of children is still high namely 4 carious teeth. Abstrak: Peran Orang Tua dalam Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut. Pendidikan kesehatan gigi harus diperkenalkan sedini mungkin kepada anak agar mereka dapat mengetahui cara memelihara kesehatan gigi dan mulut secara baik dan benar. Peran aktif orang tua terhadap perkembangan anak sangat diperlukan pada saat mereka masih berada dibawah usia prasekolah.  Peran aktif orang tua yang dimaksud adalah membimbing, memberikan pengertian, mengingatkan, dan menyediakan fasilitas kepada anak. Anak usia prasekolah tidak dapat menjaga kesehatan nya secara benar dan efektif maka orang tua harus mengawasi prosedur ini secara terus-menerus. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui gambaran umum peran orang tua anak TK Rosa Mystica Liliba Kupang dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Jenis Penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif yang menggambarkan peran orang tua anak TK Rosa Mystica Liliba Kupang dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut mengenai pengaturan diet makan anak, cara menyikat gigi yang baik dan benar dan kontrol kesehatan gigi. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan peran orang tua dalam pengaturan diet makanan termasuk kriteria sedang, cara menyikat gigi yang baik dan benar termasuk kriteria baik dan kontrol kesehatan gigi dan mulut termasuk kriteria baik. Secara keseluruhan peran orang tua anak TK Rosa Mystica Liliba dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut mendapat kriteria baik. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah peran orang tua anak TK Rosa Mystica Liliba dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut sudah baik namun tindakan yang tepat belum terlaksana sehingga rata-rata karies gigi anak masih tinggi yakni 4 gigi berkaries. 

scholarly journals Peran Orang Tua dalam Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Maria Rosina Manbait ◽  
Ferdinan Fankari ◽  
Apri Adiari Manu ◽  
Emma Krisyudhanti
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
General Description ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Abstract: The Role of Parents in the Maintenance of Dental and Mouth Health. Dental health education must be introduced as early as possible to children so they can know how to maintain oral and dental health properly. The active role of parents in the development of children is very necessary when they are still under preschool age. The active role of parents in question is to guide, provide understanding, remind, and provide facilities to children. Preschoolers cannot maintain their health properly and effectively, so parents must keep an eye on this procedure continuously. The purpose of this study was to determine the general description of the role of parents of Rosa Mystica Liliba Kupang kindergartens in maintaining oral health. This type of research is a descriptive study describing the role of parents of Rosa Mystica Liliba Kupang kindergartens in maintaining oral health regarding the regulation of children's eating diets, how to brush their teeth properly, and control dental health. This research method is descriptive research. The results of this study indicate the role of parents in regulating dietary foods including moderate criteria, how to brush teeth properly including good criteria and control of oral health including good criteria. Overall, the role of parents of kindergarten children Rosa Mystica Liliba in maintaining oral health has good criteria. The conclusion of this study is the role of parents of Rosa Mystica Liliba Kindergarten children in maintaining oral health is good but the right action has not been implemented so that the average dental caries of children is still high namely 4 carious teeth. Abstrak: Peran Orang Tua dalam Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut. Pendidikan kesehatan gigi harus diperkenalkan sedini mungkin kepada anak agar mereka dapat mengetahui cara memelihara kesehatan gigi dan mulut secara baik dan benar. Peran aktif orang tua terhadap perkembangan anak sangat diperlukan pada saat mereka masih berada dibawah usia prasekolah.  Peran aktif orang tua yang dimaksud adalah membimbing, memberikan pengertian, mengingatkan, dan menyediakan fasilitas kepada anak. Anak usia prasekolah tidak dapat menjaga kesehatan nya secara benar dan efektif maka orang tua harus mengawasi prosedur ini secara terus-menerus. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui gambaran umum peran orang tua anak TK Rosa Mystica Liliba Kupang dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Jenis Penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif yang menggambarkan peran orang tua anak TK Rosa Mystica Liliba Kupang dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut mengenai pengaturan diet makan anak, cara menyikat gigi yang baik dan benar dan kontrol kesehatan gigi. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan peran orang tua dalam pengaturan diet makanan termasuk kriteria sedang, cara menyikat gigi yang baik dan benar termasuk kriteria baik dan kontrol kesehatan gigi dan mulut termasuk kriteria baik. Secara keseluruhan peran orang tua anak TK Rosa Mystica Liliba dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut mendapat kriteria baik. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah peran orang tua anak TK Rosa Mystica Liliba dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut sudah baik namun tindakan yang tepat belum terlaksana sehingga rata-rata karies gigi anak masih tinggi yakni 4 gigi berkaries. 

8. Introduction to Executive Functions

Public Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 240-249
Author(s):  
Andrew Le Sueur ◽  
Maurice Sunkin ◽  
Jo Eric Khushal Murkens
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Legal Aspects

This chapter provides an overview of the themes covered in Part II of the book, consisting of Chapters 8-11. It addresses the following questions: What is executive function? What is the role of a constitution in relation to executive functions? It then summarizes the basic constitutional and legal aspects of the various executive bodies considered in Chapter.

scholarly journals 0247 Executive Function and Social-Cognitive Predictors of Behavioral Sleep Restriction

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A94-A95
Author(s):  
L A Irish ◽  
M P Mead ◽  
A C Veronda ◽  
A E van Lamsweerde ◽  
J Gunstad
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Time In Bed

Abstract Introduction Although insufficient sleep is a global public health concern, the causes of insufficient sleep in the general population are variable and complex. A substantial number of individuals engage in behavioral sleep restriction (BSR), defined as limiting nocturnal time in bed to less than the recommended total sleep time, but little is known about the factors that influence BSR. Notably, the impact of cognitive processes on BSR has not been empirically tested, though processes such as executive function (EF) and social-cognitive beliefs are clearly relevant to other health-related behaviors. This study sought to investigate the extent to which EF and social-cognitive factors predict BSR. Methods Participants included 205 healthy adults aged 18–35. EFs (i.e., inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility) were assessed with a neurocognitive task battery and social-cognitive factors (i.e., attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control) related to healthy sleep duration were self-reported, followed by 1 week of actigraphy. BSR was represented as the number of nights that actigraphy-estimated time in bed was fewer than 8 hours. Results On average, participants engaged in BSR 3 nights per week. Hierarchical linear regressions were tested separately for EFs and social-cognitive factors. Results revealed that, after controlling for general intelligence, EF did not predict BSR. In contrast, social-cognitive factors did predict BSR (F(202,3)=8.71, p<001), with both attitudes (β=.20, p=.005) and perceived behavioral control (β=.15, p<.001) emerging as significant predictors. Interactions between EFs and social-cognitive factors were also explored, suggesting interactions between inhibitory control and perceived behavioral control (p=.03) as well as cognitive flexibility and attitudes (p=.05). Conclusion Taken together, these results highlight the high frequency of BSR and the role that social-cognitive factors may play in facilitating BSR among adults who may otherwise obtain healthy sleep. Efforts to promote sleep health in the general population would benefit from greater understanding of modifiable factors that increase BSR. Support This research was supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant number 5P30GM114748.

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