scholarly journals The Specificity of the Cognitive Representations of Time in Elderly

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
A.I. Melehin ◽  
Z.A. Kireeva
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Time Representation ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entire Picture ◽  
Representation Of Time

The article is devoted to research features of verbal and nonverbal cognitive representations of time as a component of the cognitive model of time perception in elderly and senile age. The basis of the relationship to time is a cognitive model of time perception, consisting of the cognitive representation of time. Cognitive model of time involved in the process of shaping a person's entire picture of the world and understanding their place in it. The results of the study allow us to describe the specifics of the knowing and experiencing of time. Representation of time in elderly and senile are characterized by the description of the time through the prism of the life, units of measuring time, as well as metaphorical images describing the properties and rate of flow of time. Time, in later ages represented as a finite resource that is accompanied by a feeling of scarcity, time pressure and accelerated subjective time.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF TIME PERCEPTION AND IMPULSIVENESS OF UKRAINIAN STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Relationship

Identifying the relationship between characteristics of the individual perception of time and the personality trait of impulsivity is the problem this study is devoted to. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationships between the various components of impulsiveness as a personality trait and the characteristics of an individual minute (IM) taking into account age and gender in a sample of Ukrainian university students (62 participants aged 17-22; 11 of them are men). To assess the features of time perception, the IM method was used according to F. Halberg. As the characteristics of MI, we used the mean and standard deviation for three consecutive measurements of IM and the average error of subjective time relative to objective one in percent. Impulsivity was measured using the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale test in the Ukrainian adaptation, which reveals 5 indicators of impulsivity: negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking. For Ukrainian students, impulsivity indicators correspond to the average norms of the French sample. The mean IM is 61.3 seconds and it is in the range of 36-88 seconds, the standard deviation of 3 IM measurements is 8 seconds, the average error of the subjective time relatively to the objective one was 9%. An inverse relationship between the mean duration of IM and the impulsivity index “positive urgency” was revealed. A direct relationship between the variability of the IM, the average error of the IM in percent and the impulsivity index “lack of perseverance” was also revealed. There are no signifiant differences in the mean duration of IM between men and women. At the same time, women have a signifiantly higher variability in time estimation – the standard deviation of IM is signifiantly greater in them than in men. By the characteristics of the impulsiveness, women have a signifiantly higher indicator of positive urgency than men. Age-related differences in the features of perception of time and impulsivity were not found. It will be worth to study relations of IM with other personality peculiarities such as Big Five traits and temperament types. This would give us more insights about diagnostical usefulness of IM measurements as proxy between physiological and psychological conditions of people.

Discounting Time and Time Discounting: Subjective Time Perception and Intertemporal Preferences

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Zauberman ◽  
B. Kyu Kim ◽  
Selin A. Malkoc ◽  
James R. Bettman
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Intertemporal Preferences ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Within Subjects

Consumers often make decisions about outcomes and events that occur over time. This research examines consumers' sensitivity to the prospective duration relevant to their decisions and the implications of such sensitivity for intertemporal trade-offs, especially the degree of present bias (i.e., hyperbolic discounting). The authors show that participants' subjective perceptions of prospective duration are not sufficiently sensitive to changes in objective duration and are nonlinear and concave in objective time, consistent with psychophysical principles. More important, this lack of sensitivity can explain hyperbolic discounting. The results replicate standard hyperbolic discounting effects with respect to objective time but show a relatively constant rate of discounting with respect to subjective time perceptions. The results are replicated between subjects (Experiment 1) and within subjects (Experiments 2), with multiple time horizons and multiple descriptors, and with different measurement orders. Furthermore, the authors show that when duration is primed, subjective time perception is altered (Experiment 4) and hyperbolic discounting is reduced (Experiment 3).

scholarly journals Psychological morbidity as a moderator of intention to quit smoking: a study of smokers and former smokers

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Besteiro Afonso ◽  
Maria Graca Pereira Alves
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Psychological Morbidity ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Emotional Representations ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: To analyze psychological morbidity as a moderator of the relationship between smoking representations and quality of life in smokers and former smokers, as well as to determine which psychological variables discriminate between smokers with and without the intention to quit smoking. METHODS: This was a quantitative, correlational cross-sectional study involving a convenience sample of 224 smokers and 169 former smokers. RESULTS: In smokers and former smokers, psychological morbidity had a moderating effect on the relationship between mental/physical quality of life and smoking representations (cognitive representations, emotional representations, and comprehensibility). Smokers with the intention to quit smoking more often presented with low comprehensibility, threatening emotional representations, behavioral beliefs, and perceived behavioral control, as well as with normative/control beliefs, than did those without the intention to quit. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study underscore the importance of the moderating effect exerted by psychological morbidity, as well as that of sociocognitive variables, among smokers who have the intention to quit smoking.

scholarly journals Capacity for movement is an organisational principle in object representations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Shatek ◽  
Amanda K Robinson ◽  
Tijl Grootswagers ◽  
Thomas A. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Object Representations ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Neural Data ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Passive Viewing ◽  
Static Images ◽  
The Relationship

The ability to perceive moving objects is crucial for survival and threat identification. The association between the ability to move and being alive is learned early in childhood, yet not all moving objects are alive. Natural, non-agentive movement (e.g., clouds, fire) causes confusion in children and adults under time pressure. Recent neuroimaging evidence has shown that the visual system processes objects on a spectrum according to their ability to engage in self-propelled, goal-directed movement. Most prior work has used only moving stimuli that are also animate, so it is difficult to disentangle the effect of movement from aliveness or animacy in representational categorisation. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between movement and aliveness using both behavioural and neural measures. We examined electroencephalographic (EEG) data recorded while participants viewed static images of moving or non-moving objects that were either natural or artificial. Participants classified the images according to aliveness, or according to capacity for movement. Behavioural classification showed two key categorisation biases: moving natural things were often mistaken to be alive, and often classified as not moving. Movement explained significant variance in the neural data, during both a classification task and passive viewing. These results show that capacity for movement is an important dimension in the structure of human visual object representations.

scholarly journals PERAN PEMODERASI TEKANAN WAKTU HUBUNGAN ANTARA NILAI FUNGSIONAL DAN NILAI EMOSIONAL TERHADAP NIAT BELI PRODUK FLASH SALE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiry Utami
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Emotional Value ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The research examines the role of time pressure as moderating variable to the relationship between functional value and emotional value on purchase intention on flash sale product. Data for this research were collected by online survey and administered to 150 respondents. The hypothesis testing was conducted using multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Finding of this indicated that functional value and emotional value have positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Time pressure has no negatively moderated the effect of functional value and emotional value on purchase intention. Keywords: functional value, emotional value, time pressure ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menguji peran tekanan waktu sebagai variabel moderasi hubungan antara nilai fungsional dan nilai emosional terhadap niat beli konsumen pada produk flash sale. Data di kumpulkan melalui survey online dengan 150 responden. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dan analsisi regresi hirarki. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai fungsional dan nilai emosional berpengaruh terhadap niat beli. Tekanan waktu tidak memoderasi secara negatif pengaruh nilai fungsional dan nilai emosional terhadap niat beli. Kata Kunci: nilai fungsional, nilai emosional, tekanan waktu

Method for Measuring the Rate of Subjective Time

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. McGrath ◽  
James F. O'Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Standard Interval

A method was developed for measuring rate of subjective time ( RST). Subjective time ( T) was recorded in subjects making a series of contiguous estimations of a standard interval of time. The results showed that T generally increased as a linear function of real time ( t). RST was measured by describing T as a linear function of t and by differentiating that function in respect to t. Individual differences in RST were large and stable within a test session. The differences were reliable from one session to the next. Within the range studied (1 to 10 min.) the duration of the standard interval had no systematic effect upon RSTs. And, RSTs were related in the appropriate direction to traditional measures of time perception. It was concluded that the RST is a useful measure for research on time perception.

Introducing a Cognitive Model of ADHD

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Steven A. Safren ◽  
Susan E. Sprich ◽  
Carol A. Perlman ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Thinking Errors ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides the therapist with information needed to orient clients to the cognitive model of ADHD. The therapist teaches clients with ADHD to recognize and identify their automatic thoughts and to understand the relationship among thoughts, behaviors, and feelings. The therapist educates the client about common thinking errors. Using a thought record, clients are taught to self-monitor their thoughts. A case vignette is provided to illustrate the technique of keeping a thought record.

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