Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction on Pain and Anxiety During Dental Treatment in 5 to 8 Year Old Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vabitha Shetty ◽  
Lekshmi R Suresh ◽  
Amitha M Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the impact of Virtual Reality (VR) distraction technique on pain and anxiety in 5–8-year-old children, during short invasive dental procedures. Study design: 120 children, aged 5–8 years, scoring less than 25 on the SCARED questionnaire, scheduled to undergo short invasive dental procedures, were randomly divided into a control (without VR distraction) and study group (with VR distraction) of 60 each. State anxiety levels were assessed in the children from both groups using revised version of Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, before and after dental treatment. Pain perceived during treatment was assessed using Wong Baker Faces pain rating scale at the end of treatment. Salivary cortisol levels were also assessed before, during and after the dental procedure, in all children. Results: We observed a significant reduction in pain perception and state anxiety in children, using VR distraction (p<0.001, p=0.002). The decrease in salivary cortisol levels was significantly greater in children using VR distraction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Virtual Reality distraction can be used as a successful behavior modification method in children undergoing short invasive dental treatments.

Salivary Cortisol Levels and its Implication on Behavior In Children with Autism during Dental Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Abdulla ◽  
AM Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The aim of the study was to estimate the diurnal variations of salivary cortisol in children with autism and healthy children and it's implication on behavior during non-invasive dental procedures. Study design: 50 children with autism and 50 healthy children in the age group between 6 to 12 years of both genders with the need for dental treatment were included in the study. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected from them during early hours of the day and during evenings for 2 consecutive days . The collected saliva was then subjected to electrochemiluminescence assay . Minimum invasive dental procedures like hand scaling, pit and fissure sealants and glass ionomer cement restorations were performed for the participants each time after the saliva sample collection and their behavior during the procedures was rated using Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale. Results:Significant correlation was seen between cortisol levels and behavior in children with autism. As cortisol levels increased in children with autism, behavior worsened and as the cortisol levels decreased they showed positive behaviour. Conclusion: Cortisol acts as a stress marker and studying the diurnal variations of salivary cortisol can help us in attaining better knowledge about the behavior pattern and thereby assist us in modifying the behavior modification procedures and treatment planning in this group of special children.

Immersive and Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Distraction on Pain Perception to Intraoral Injections

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Supriya Kumari ◽  
Rachana Bahuguna ◽  
Nishita Garg ◽  
Ramakrishna Yeluri
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of immersive VR (IVR) and non-immersive VR (NIVR) distraction on perceived pain during intraoral injections in children undergoing dental procedures. The objective was to introduce 3-dimensional nature of virtual reality during the provoking phase of dental treatment as a means of distraction in children. Study design: A total of 200 children were selected for the study, 100 for IVR group and 100 for NIVR group. After randomization, children were introduced to Oculus Go Standalone equipment; MCDAS (f), VAS, WBFRS and the treatment procedure using tell show do technique. Group I children were introduced to oculus go standalone headset with hand held controller to play temple run or roller coaster game while in group II, children watched cartoon movies of their choice. Pre-operative & post-operative MCDAS scores were obtained using MCDAS (f) questionnaire in local language. Post-operatively, VAS and WBFRS scores were also obtained. The data was analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square analysis. Results: Pre-operatively, the mean MCDAS scores were similar in both the groups viz. Group–I (29.20 ± 3.197) and Group–II (29.09 ± 3.803) and is statistically not significant. Post-operatively, the mean MCDAS scores were higher in non-immersive group (20.72 ± 2.822) as compared to immersive group (10.99 ± 2.227). VAS score was higher in non-immersive group (2.72 ± 0.99) as compared to immersive group (0.75 ± 0.88). WBFRS scores were higher in non-immersive group (2.78 ± 1.097) as compared to immersive group (0.82 ± 1.104). Conclusion: Three-dimensional virtual reality was found to be an effective means of distraction in children undergoing dental procedures and especially during the provoking phase. The significant difference obtained clearly indicates irrespective of immersiveness of virtual reality, anxiety had been decreased and on comparison the pain perception to intraoral injection is less in immersive virtual reality environment. Immersive VR distraction technique can serve as an adjunct to traditional behavior management strategies already available to the pediatric dentist.

scholarly journals Use of Virtual Reality for the Management of Anxiety and Pain in Dental Treatments: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nansi López-Valverde ◽  
Jorge Muriel Fernández ◽  
Antonio López-Valverde ◽  
Luis F. Valero Juan ◽  
Juan Manuel Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
To Receive

Background: Dental treatments often cause pain and anxiety in patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel procedure that can provide distraction during dental procedures or prepare patients to receive such type of treatments. This meta-analysis is the first to gather evidence on the effectiveness of VR on the reduction of pain (P) and dental anxiety (DA) in patients undergoing dental treatment, regardless of age. Methods: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Library and Web of Science were searched for scientific articles in November 2019. The keywords used were: “virtual reality”, “distraction systems”, “dental anxiety” and “pain”. Studies where VR was used for children and adults as a measure against anxiety and pain during dental treatments were included. VR was defined as a three-dimensional environment that provides patients with a sense of immersion, transporting them to appealing and interactive settings. Anxiety and pain results were assessed during dental treatments where VR was used, and in standard care situations. Results: 31 studies were identified, of which 14 met the inclusion criteria. Pain levels were evaluated in four studies (n = 4), anxiety levels in three (n = 3) and anxiety and pain together in seven (n = 7). Our meta-analysis was based on ten studies (n = 10). The effect of VR was studied mainly in the pediatric population (for pain SMD = −0.82). In the adult population, only two studies (not significant) were considered. Conclusions: The findings of the meta-analysis show that VR is an effective distraction method to reduce pain and anxiety in patients undergoing a variety of dental treatments; however, further research on VR as a tool to prepare patients for dental treatment is required because of the scarcity of studies in this area.

Impact of Pictorial Story on Pain Perception, Situational Anxiety and Behavior in Children: A Cognitive-Behavioral Schema

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Asl Aminabadi ◽  
Ali Vafaei ◽  
Leila Erfanparast ◽  
Sina Ghertasi Oskouei ◽  
Zahra Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Feedback

Aim: The present study evaluated the effect of listening to a pictorial story about going to the dentist on pain perception, situational anxiety and behavioral feedback during dental treatment in pediatric dental patients. Study design: Eighty, 6-7-year-old children were included. The childhood anxiety-related disorders using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) Parent Version scale and intelligence quotient using Raven's Progressive Matrices were evaluated. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, listening to a pictorial story about going to a dentist (test), or listening to a pictorial story about going to a barbershop (control). A dental treatment was performed on each subject, during which, behavior was assessed using Sound, Eye, and Motor Scale. Pain perception and situational anxiety were then assessed using Wong-Baker Fasces Pain Rating Scale and Faces version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, respectively. Results: There was a significant decrease in pain perception (P=0.02) and situational anxiety (P<0.001) in the test group. In addition, the test intervention significantly improved children's behavioral feedback during dental treatment (P<0.001). Conclusion: Preparation of children with pictorial story can be effective in decreasing pain perception and situational anxiety as well as improving behavior during dental treatment.

scholarly journals Use of Virtual Reality (VR) as an Audio-Visual Distraction Tool in the Reduction of Dental Anxiety during Local Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Jalison Jacob Cheruvatoor ◽  
Lim Kaini ◽  
Mohamad Adib Bin Mohd Ali Hanafiah ◽  
Muhammad Azizuddin Bin Sihabubdin ◽  
Vinay Marla
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feedback Questionnaire

Aims: Dental anxiety is a relatively common problem and it leads to undesirable distresses, such as postponement or avoidance of dental treatment thereby resulting in poorer quality of treatment and reduced oral health related quality of life. Dental anxiety is especially seen in patients undergoing dental injections. To evaluate the effectiveness of audiovisual distraction in the reduction of dental anxiety during la injection. Study design:  Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Patients visiting Penang International Dental College, Malaysia, between June 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: A total of 176 patients (88 female and 88 male) requiring endodontic therapy or tooth extraction were recruited for this study. A 14-question long questionnaire using Hamilton anxiety rating scale; and a separate feedback questionnaire was used to evaluate patients’ anxiety level and the severity of anxiety symptoms. Paired t-test was used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant reduction in the anxiety scores (p<0.001) of the patients following the use of VR distraction during the la procedure. On an average, the pre-test scores were 1.932 points higher than post-test scores. Conclusion: Virtual reality could be used as a possible non-pharmacologic means of reducing dental anxiety in patients receiving local anesthesia.

Association between Anxiety and Pain in Dental Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-S. Lin ◽  
S.-Y. Wu ◽  
C.-A. Yi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Anxiety Management ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
The Impact

Accumulating evidence has revealed that dental anxiety (DA), as a dispositional factor toward the dental situation, is associated with the state anxiety (SA) and pain related to dental procedures. However, conclusions from individual studies may be limited by the treatment procedures that patients received, the tools used to assess DA, or the treatment stages when anxiety or pain was assessed. It is unclear whether DA, at the study level, accounts for the variance in pretreatment SA. The impact of DA and SA on pain at different treatment stages has not been systematically investigated. To address these questions, we present novel meta-analytical evidence from 35 articles (encompassing 47 clinical groups) that investigated DA in a clinical group. Subgroup analyses revealed that the studies of surgical and nonsurgical procedures did not significantly differ in either DA or pretreatment SA. Furthermore, metaregressions revealed DA as a significant predictor that explained the variance in SA assessed before and during treatment but not after treatment. The findings suggest that patient DA has a significant impact on patient SA. Metaregressions revealed DA as a significant predictor that explained the variance in expected pain, pain during treatment and posttreatment pain. In contrast, pretreatment SA was a significant predictor that explained the variance in expected pain. The findings reveal that DA has a consistent impact on pain through the entire period of dental treatment. Altogether, the findings highlight the role of DA as an overall indicator for anxiety and pain, across different types of dental procedures or treatment stages. We conclude that anxiety should be assessed as a critical step not only in anxiety management for high-DA patients, but also in pain control for all dental patients.

scholarly journals Use of Virtual Reality for the Management of Anxiety and Pain in Dental Treatments: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nansi López-Valverde ◽  
Jorge Muriel-Fernández ◽  
Antonio López-Valverde ◽  
Luis Francisco Valero-Juan ◽  
Juan Manuel Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
To Receive

(1) Background: Dental treatments often cause pain and anxiety in patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel procedure that can provide distraction during dental procedures or prepare patients to receive such type of treatments. This meta-analysis is the first to gather evidence on the effectiveness of VR on the reduction of pain (P) and dental anxiety (DA) in patients undergoing dental treatment, regardless of age. (2) Methods: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Library and Web of Science were searched for scientific articles in November 2019. The keywords used were: “virtual reality”, “distraction systems”, “dental anxiety” and “pain”. Studies where VR was used for children and adults as a measure against anxiety and pain during dental treatments were included. VR was defined as a three-dimensional environment that provides patients with a sense of immersion, transporting them to appealing and interactive settings. Anxiety and pain results were assessed during dental treatments where VR was used and in standard care situations. (3) Results: 32 studies were identified, of which 8 met the inclusion criteria. The effect of VR in children was significant, both for anxiety (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −1.75) and pain (SMD = −1.46). (4) Conclusions: The findings of the meta-analysis show that VR is an effective distraction method to reduce pain and anxiety in patients undergoing a variety of dental treatments; however, further research on VR as a tool to prepare patients for dental treatment is required because of the scarcity of studies in this area.

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