scholarly journals Use of Virtual Reality for the Management of Anxiety and Pain in Dental Treatments: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nansi López-Valverde ◽  
Jorge Muriel Fernández ◽  
Antonio López-Valverde ◽  
Luis F. Valero Juan ◽  
Juan Manuel Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
To Receive

Background: Dental treatments often cause pain and anxiety in patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel procedure that can provide distraction during dental procedures or prepare patients to receive such type of treatments. This meta-analysis is the first to gather evidence on the effectiveness of VR on the reduction of pain (P) and dental anxiety (DA) in patients undergoing dental treatment, regardless of age. Methods: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Library and Web of Science were searched for scientific articles in November 2019. The keywords used were: “virtual reality”, “distraction systems”, “dental anxiety” and “pain”. Studies where VR was used for children and adults as a measure against anxiety and pain during dental treatments were included. VR was defined as a three-dimensional environment that provides patients with a sense of immersion, transporting them to appealing and interactive settings. Anxiety and pain results were assessed during dental treatments where VR was used, and in standard care situations. Results: 31 studies were identified, of which 14 met the inclusion criteria. Pain levels were evaluated in four studies (n = 4), anxiety levels in three (n = 3) and anxiety and pain together in seven (n = 7). Our meta-analysis was based on ten studies (n = 10). The effect of VR was studied mainly in the pediatric population (for pain SMD = −0.82). In the adult population, only two studies (not significant) were considered. Conclusions: The findings of the meta-analysis show that VR is an effective distraction method to reduce pain and anxiety in patients undergoing a variety of dental treatments; however, further research on VR as a tool to prepare patients for dental treatment is required because of the scarcity of studies in this area.

scholarly journals Use of Virtual Reality for the Management of Anxiety and Pain in Dental Treatments: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nansi López-Valverde ◽  
Jorge Muriel-Fernández ◽  
Antonio López-Valverde ◽  
Luis Francisco Valero-Juan ◽  
Juan Manuel Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
To Receive

(1) Background: Dental treatments often cause pain and anxiety in patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel procedure that can provide distraction during dental procedures or prepare patients to receive such type of treatments. This meta-analysis is the first to gather evidence on the effectiveness of VR on the reduction of pain (P) and dental anxiety (DA) in patients undergoing dental treatment, regardless of age. (2) Methods: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Library and Web of Science were searched for scientific articles in November 2019. The keywords used were: “virtual reality”, “distraction systems”, “dental anxiety” and “pain”. Studies where VR was used for children and adults as a measure against anxiety and pain during dental treatments were included. VR was defined as a three-dimensional environment that provides patients with a sense of immersion, transporting them to appealing and interactive settings. Anxiety and pain results were assessed during dental treatments where VR was used and in standard care situations. (3) Results: 32 studies were identified, of which 8 met the inclusion criteria. The effect of VR in children was significant, both for anxiety (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −1.75) and pain (SMD = −1.46). (4) Conclusions: The findings of the meta-analysis show that VR is an effective distraction method to reduce pain and anxiety in patients undergoing a variety of dental treatments; however, further research on VR as a tool to prepare patients for dental treatment is required because of the scarcity of studies in this area.

Association between Anxiety and Pain in Dental Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-S. Lin ◽  
S.-Y. Wu ◽  
C.-A. Yi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Anxiety Management ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
The Impact

Accumulating evidence has revealed that dental anxiety (DA), as a dispositional factor toward the dental situation, is associated with the state anxiety (SA) and pain related to dental procedures. However, conclusions from individual studies may be limited by the treatment procedures that patients received, the tools used to assess DA, or the treatment stages when anxiety or pain was assessed. It is unclear whether DA, at the study level, accounts for the variance in pretreatment SA. The impact of DA and SA on pain at different treatment stages has not been systematically investigated. To address these questions, we present novel meta-analytical evidence from 35 articles (encompassing 47 clinical groups) that investigated DA in a clinical group. Subgroup analyses revealed that the studies of surgical and nonsurgical procedures did not significantly differ in either DA or pretreatment SA. Furthermore, metaregressions revealed DA as a significant predictor that explained the variance in SA assessed before and during treatment but not after treatment. The findings suggest that patient DA has a significant impact on patient SA. Metaregressions revealed DA as a significant predictor that explained the variance in expected pain, pain during treatment and posttreatment pain. In contrast, pretreatment SA was a significant predictor that explained the variance in expected pain. The findings reveal that DA has a consistent impact on pain through the entire period of dental treatment. Altogether, the findings highlight the role of DA as an overall indicator for anxiety and pain, across different types of dental procedures or treatment stages. We conclude that anxiety should be assessed as a critical step not only in anxiety management for high-DA patients, but also in pain control for all dental patients.

Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction on Pain and Anxiety During Dental Treatment in 5 to 8 Year Old Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vabitha Shetty ◽  
Lekshmi R Suresh ◽  
Amitha M Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the impact of Virtual Reality (VR) distraction technique on pain and anxiety in 5–8-year-old children, during short invasive dental procedures. Study design: 120 children, aged 5–8 years, scoring less than 25 on the SCARED questionnaire, scheduled to undergo short invasive dental procedures, were randomly divided into a control (without VR distraction) and study group (with VR distraction) of 60 each. State anxiety levels were assessed in the children from both groups using revised version of Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, before and after dental treatment. Pain perceived during treatment was assessed using Wong Baker Faces pain rating scale at the end of treatment. Salivary cortisol levels were also assessed before, during and after the dental procedure, in all children. Results: We observed a significant reduction in pain perception and state anxiety in children, using VR distraction (p<0.001, p=0.002). The decrease in salivary cortisol levels was significantly greater in children using VR distraction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Virtual Reality distraction can be used as a successful behavior modification method in children undergoing short invasive dental treatments.

Immersive and Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Distraction on Pain Perception to Intraoral Injections

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Supriya Kumari ◽  
Rachana Bahuguna ◽  
Nishita Garg ◽  
Ramakrishna Yeluri
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of immersive VR (IVR) and non-immersive VR (NIVR) distraction on perceived pain during intraoral injections in children undergoing dental procedures. The objective was to introduce 3-dimensional nature of virtual reality during the provoking phase of dental treatment as a means of distraction in children. Study design: A total of 200 children were selected for the study, 100 for IVR group and 100 for NIVR group. After randomization, children were introduced to Oculus Go Standalone equipment; MCDAS (f), VAS, WBFRS and the treatment procedure using tell show do technique. Group I children were introduced to oculus go standalone headset with hand held controller to play temple run or roller coaster game while in group II, children watched cartoon movies of their choice. Pre-operative & post-operative MCDAS scores were obtained using MCDAS (f) questionnaire in local language. Post-operatively, VAS and WBFRS scores were also obtained. The data was analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square analysis. Results: Pre-operatively, the mean MCDAS scores were similar in both the groups viz. Group–I (29.20 ± 3.197) and Group–II (29.09 ± 3.803) and is statistically not significant. Post-operatively, the mean MCDAS scores were higher in non-immersive group (20.72 ± 2.822) as compared to immersive group (10.99 ± 2.227). VAS score was higher in non-immersive group (2.72 ± 0.99) as compared to immersive group (0.75 ± 0.88). WBFRS scores were higher in non-immersive group (2.78 ± 1.097) as compared to immersive group (0.82 ± 1.104). Conclusion: Three-dimensional virtual reality was found to be an effective means of distraction in children undergoing dental procedures and especially during the provoking phase. The significant difference obtained clearly indicates irrespective of immersiveness of virtual reality, anxiety had been decreased and on comparison the pain perception to intraoral injection is less in immersive virtual reality environment. Immersive VR distraction technique can serve as an adjunct to traditional behavior management strategies already available to the pediatric dentist.

scholarly journals Conscious sedation for the management of dental anxiety in third molar extraction surgery: a systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Melini ◽  
Andrea Forni ◽  
Francesco Cavallin ◽  
Matteo Parotto ◽  
Gastone Zanette
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Conscious Sedation ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Third Molar Extraction ◽  
Molar Extraction

Abstract Background: Dental anxiety is a condition associated with avoidance of dental treatment and increased medical and surgical risks. This systematic review aims to summarize available evidence on conscious sedation techniques used for the management of Dental anxiety in patients scheduled for third molar extraction surgery, to identify best approaches and knowledge gaps. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted including MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, clinicaltrials.gov and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through March 2019. Only randomized controlled trials were included. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Risk of bias was appraised as reported in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: Seventeen RCTs with a total of 1,788 patients were included. Some aspects limited the feasibility of a meaningful meta-analysis, thus a narrative synthesis was conducted. Conscious sedation was associated with improvement in Dental anxiety in six studies. One study reported lower cortisol levels with midazolam vs. placebo, while another study found significant variation in perioperative renin levels with remifentanil vs. placebo. Conclusions: This review found inconclusive and conflicting findings about the role of Conscious sedation in managing Dental anxiety during third molar extraction surgery. Relevant questions remain unanswered due to the lack of consistent, standardized outcome measures. Future research may benefit from addressing these limitations in study design.

Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1179-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Humphris ◽  
H-M. Wong ◽  
G. T. R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Fear Survey Schedule ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

An 8-question Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale was developed to assess children's concerns about specific dental procedures. These dental situations include examination, scale and polish, injection, filling, extraction, and relative and general anaesthesia. A question about how the child felt generally when visiting the dentist was also included. Children ( n = 314) from two schools in Liverpool, ages 8 to 15 years, completed a questionnaire including the modified scale, Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale, the Dental Fear Survey Schedule for Children, and background questions (age, sex and previous dental experience). The internal consistency was favourable (α = .84) and test-retest reliability acceptable. This initial study suggests that the scale may be useful in trials to assess the benefits of interventions to assist children receive dental treatment.

scholarly journals Common Medical and Dental Problems of Older Adults: A Narrative Review

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Alice Kit Ying Chan ◽  
Manisha Tamrakar ◽  
Chloe Meng Jiang ◽  
Edward Chin Man Lo ◽  
Katherine Chiu Man Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
World Population ◽  
Oral Diseases

The advancement of medicine has reduced the rate of mortality and older adult population is increasing. Among the 7,700,000,000 world population in 2019, 1 in 11 people were at the age of 65 or more. The population is expected to increase to 1 in 6 people by 2050. Older adults have degenerative changes that become more severe with age. This study used the World Health Organization’s websites and PubMed and Google Scholar databases to review current global oral and systemic health issues. Studies generally reported that many older adults have no regular dental checkup. Common oral diseases such as dental caries particularly root caries and periodontal disease are highly prevalent among them. These oral diseases are often interrelated with their systemic problems. A meta-analysis reported diabetes increases the incidence and progression of periodontitis by 86%. A decrease in salivary output is common among older adults having polypharmacy. A review reported the caries risk in older adults increases by 60% with low resting pH and low stimulated salivary flow rate. Many older adults suffer from dementia and depression which complicates the delivery of dental treatment. Proper oral hygiene practice and dental care at supine position are often difficult to be carried out if they have rheumatoid arthritis. With the increasing need of elderly dental care, dentists and other dental personnel should understand interlaced oral and general health in order to provide a successful dental care plan for older adults. The aim of this study is to give an overview of the common medical conditions and dental problems and their impacts on older adults.

scholarly journals Dental anxiety among Wisma Lincoln University College community

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Misliah Ahmad ◽  
Wen Wu Tan
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University College ◽  
Dental Instrument ◽  
Local Anesthetic Injection ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Lincoln University

Dental anxiety is common among people of all ages, which results in delay and avoidance of dental visit and eventually deterioration of oral health. The aim of this study is to assess the dental anxiety level among the community in Wisma Lincoln University College. A cross-sectional study was carried out from April to December 2018. A total of 186 participants were included in this study. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to assess participants’ dental anxiety level. The prevalence of participants with severe anxiety level was 16.7% (n=31), with Indian female being the highest number (n=6, 20%). Participants felt most anxious if they were to receive a local anesthetic injection, with a mean score of 2.04 for male and 3.76 for female. With regards to the aspects of dental treatment that make participants anxious, 74.7% (n=139) of the participants would feel anxious about extraction, followed by pain arising from treatment (63.4%, n=118) and fear of injury caused by dental instrument (60.8%, n=113). In conclusion, 16.7% of the community in Wisma Lincoln University College were highly anxious, with Indian female being most anxious (20%).  

scholarly journals Dental anxiety among migraine patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
Yagoub Dhafer Alyami ◽  
◽  
Jana Khalid Farran ◽  
Jumanah Ateeq Alsubhi ◽  
Jehan Ahmed Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Patient Responses

In this study, we aimed to find a correlation between anxiety related to dental procedures and migraines. A cross-sectional study was performed on 171 patients who attended specific dental clinics. The patients were randomly categorized into a migraine group (83) and a control group. To determine the anxiety level, all the patients filled out a validated questionnaire (the Arabic version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale). All responses ranged from “not anxious” (scoring 1) to “extremely anxious” (scoring 5). Based on the patient responses, the total score was recorded and compared statistically between the two groups. The sound of drilling was one of the most vital factors causing anxiety and headaches in migraine patients. Comparing the presence or absence of headache and usage of analgesics between the two groups, migraine patients complained to have headaches during or after dental treatment more frequently than controls and used analgesics more than non-migraine controls. Migraine patients visiting dental clinics feel more anxious about the working environment and need certain modifications before, during, and after dental procedures.

scholarly journals Use of Virtual Reality (VR) as an Audio-Visual Distraction Tool in the Reduction of Dental Anxiety during Local Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Jalison Jacob Cheruvatoor ◽  
Lim Kaini ◽  
Mohamad Adib Bin Mohd Ali Hanafiah ◽  
Muhammad Azizuddin Bin Sihabubdin ◽  
Vinay Marla
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feedback Questionnaire

Aims: Dental anxiety is a relatively common problem and it leads to undesirable distresses, such as postponement or avoidance of dental treatment thereby resulting in poorer quality of treatment and reduced oral health related quality of life. Dental anxiety is especially seen in patients undergoing dental injections. To evaluate the effectiveness of audiovisual distraction in the reduction of dental anxiety during la injection. Study design:  Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Patients visiting Penang International Dental College, Malaysia, between June 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: A total of 176 patients (88 female and 88 male) requiring endodontic therapy or tooth extraction were recruited for this study. A 14-question long questionnaire using Hamilton anxiety rating scale; and a separate feedback questionnaire was used to evaluate patients’ anxiety level and the severity of anxiety symptoms. Paired t-test was used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant reduction in the anxiety scores (p<0.001) of the patients following the use of VR distraction during the la procedure. On an average, the pre-test scores were 1.932 points higher than post-test scores. Conclusion: Virtual reality could be used as a possible non-pharmacologic means of reducing dental anxiety in patients receiving local anesthesia.

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