Eruption Chronology of Primary Teeth in Nigerian Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Obhioneh Oziegbe ◽  
Comfort Adekoya-Sofowora ◽  
Temitope Ayodeji Esan ◽  
Foluso John Owotade
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nigerian Children

The eruption chronology of the primary dentition has been studied in some populations, however; only few studies from Nigeria and other African countries have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To determine the appropriate reference standard for eruption of primary teeth in Nigerian children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study consisting of 1,013 clinically healthy babies, infants and preschool children between the ages of 4 to 36 months from the community health centers immunization clinics in Ife Central and Ife East Local Government Areas.RESULTS: Boys erupted primary teeth earlier than girls in both arches except the first molars. However, girls had a shorter duration of eruption (from the first tooth to erupt to the last tooth to erupt) when compared to boys. In addition, boys had a systematic tendency for earlier eruption on the left side.CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, a baseline data for eruption of primary teeth among Nigerian children has been established. Nigerian children experienced an earlier eruption of primary teeth when compared to their Arabian and American counterparts and a later eruption when compared to children from Iceland.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis score chart signs and symptoms in children with positive tuberculin skin tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Finny Fitry Yani ◽  
Rizanda Machmoed ◽  
Marhefdison Marhefdison ◽  
Darfioes Basir
Keyword(s):  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Background The Indonesian Pediatrics Respirology WorkingGroup (IPRWG) developed the tuberculosis (TB) scorechart to assist in diagnosing TB in community health centers(Puskesmas).Objectives To document signs and symptoms of the IPRWG TBscore chart, to analyze various combinations of these signs andsymptoms, and to compare these combinations in children withTB to those without TB, based on a TB score chart.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study from July toOctober 2008, in Padang, Bukittinggi and Pasaman. We recruitedchildren with known positive tuberculin skin tests (TST) from a2006 tuberculin survey. Questionnaires on signs and symptoms(IPRWG TB score chart) were completed and chest radiographswere obtained for all children. Subjects fulfilling a total score ofsix or more were considered to have a diagnosis of TB.Results We diagnosed TB in 78/285 (27.3%) subjects. A scorevalue of3 for the category of household contact (HHC) positivesmears was added in 21/78 subjects. However, the highest risk forTB disease was found in those diagnosed with no clear history ofHHC (58.9%; OR 192, 95% CI 22 to 1679). The highest riskfactors for TB were suggestive chest X-ray (34.6%; OR 9.2, 95%CI 3.6 to 23 .4) and fever lasting > 2 weeks (17.9%; OR 8, 95%CI 2.2 to 29.1), respectively. Of 46 children with TB diagnosisbut without HHC, the combination of undernourishment, lymphnode enlargement and suggestive chest X-ray was highest (28.2%).Individual or dual combination signs and symptoms were alsofound in children without TB diagnosis.Conclusion Various combinations of signs and symptoms couldlead to fulfillment of scoring for TB diagnosis. [Paediatr lndones.2012;5 2: 78-85].

Malocclusion traits and sucking habits in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Carla MASSIGNAN ◽  
Júlia Gonçalves Dos SANTOS ◽  
Marcos XIMENES ◽  
Mariane CARDOSO ◽  
Michele BOLAN
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Disposal Practices of Unused Medications Among Patients in Public Health Centers of Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Haile Kassahun ◽  
Dugessa Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Unused Medications ◽  
At Home

Background: Disposal of pharmaceutical waste among patients is a global challenge especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Improper medication disposal can lead to health problems and environmental contaminations. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess disposal practices of unused medications among patients in public health centers of Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 263 patients in four public health centers of Dessie town, Ethiopia from March to June, 2019. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were used to collect data from each study subject. Results: The majority of the respondents, 224 (85.17%) had unused medications at their home during the study period. The most commonly reported disposal method in the present study was flushing down into a toilet 66 (25.09%). None of the respondents practiced returning unused medications to Pharmacy. Moreover, 85 (32.31%) of the respondents reported never disposing their medications and believed that it is acceptable to store medications at home for future use. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a high practice of keeping medications at home and most of the disposal practices were not recommended methods. In addition, most of the respondents did not get advice from pharmacists and other health care professionals on how to dispose off unused medications. Hence, there is a need for proper education and guidance of patients regarding disposal practices of unused medications.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and dental caries among Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional national study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042908
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Jialan Hong ◽  
Xueting Yu ◽  
Qiulin Liu ◽  
Andi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Index Of Inequality

ObjectivesSocioeconomic inequalities in oral health are often neglected in oral health promotion. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dental caries and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschool children in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015), comprising of 40 360 children aged 3–5 years was used.MethodsDental caries indicators including prevalence of dental caries, dental pain experience and number of decayed, missing and filling teeth (dmft). SES indicators included parental education and household income. The associations between SES and dental caries were analysed by using negative binomial regression or Poisson regression models according to data distribution. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were quantified by using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), respectively.ResultsThere were significant associations between SES and prevalence of dental caries and dmft (p<0.001). Children from lower educated (RII 1.36, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.43; SII 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.13) and lower household income (RII 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24; SII 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.75) families had higher dmft than those from well-educated and most affluent families. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were larger in urban areas by household income, and in rural areas by parental education.ConclusionsAssociation between dental caries and SES was demonstrated and socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries existed among Chinese preschool children.

scholarly journals Pre-schoolers’ tooth brushing behaviour and association with their oral health: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Muhammad Khan ◽  
Shani Ann Mani ◽  
Jennifer Geraldine Doss ◽  
Mahmoud Danaee ◽  
Lydia Yi Li Kong
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Supervision ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plaque Score

Abstract Background Toothbrushing is an important yet neglected behaviour that affects the oral health of preschool children. Little is reported on parental supervision, an essential aspect of routine effective toothbrushing in this age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-schoolers’ toothbrushing behaviour including parental involvement and its association with their oral health. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 92 preschool children (4–6 years) were invited to participate with their parents/guardians. Nine parameters of toothbrushing behaviour were assessed from parental responses (questionnaire) and observation of child and parents/guardians (video recording). Oral examination included recording plaque, gingival and dental caries indices. BORIS software was used to assess toothbrushing parameters and Smart PLS was used to perform association with a second-generation multivariate analysis to create models with and without confounding factors. Results Girls were slightly more (53%) than boys (47%). Children aged 4 years were slightly more in number (38%), followed by 6-year-olds and 5-year-olds. Nearly, 90% parents had tertiary education and 46% had more than 2 children. Differences were recorded in the reported and observed behaviour. Thirty-five percent parents/guardians reported using pea-size toothpaste amount but only 28% were observed. Forty percent reported to brush for 30 s–1 min, however 51% were observed to brush for 1–2 min. Half the children were observed to use fluoridated toothpaste (F < 1000 ppm) under parental supervision (11%). The mean (SD) plaque score reduction after toothbrushing was 10.80 (2.46), mean pre-brushing plaque score was 90.3 (10.2), mean gingival index was 0.89 (0.65) and mean dental caries status (ICDAS(1–6)) was 18.87 (12.39). Toothbrushing behaviour in terms of toothbrushing technique, duration, pattern and frequency, toothbrush type and grip type, toothpaste type and amount, post-brushing mouth rinsing and parental involvement contributed significantly to plaque score change (86%), dental caries status (73%), gingival index (66%) and pre-brushing plaque score (31%). The significant confounding variables had a small influence on oral health of preschool children. Conclusions Preschool children’s toothbrushing behaviour was inadequate while their oral health was poor, with a significant association between the two parameters.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposures and telomere length: A cross-sectional study on preschool children

2021 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 110757
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Adli ◽  
Seyed Mostafa Hosseini ◽  
Moslem Lari Najafi ◽  
Maryam Behmanesh ◽  
Elahe Ghezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic
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