Various Clauses in a Cross-Border Commercial Representation Agreement

The paper is devoted to certain types of clauses in a cross-border commercial representation agreement. Particular attention is given to a non-competition clause, compensation clause, a clause on limiting the scope of the contract to a certain category of consumers, anti-corruption clause, applicable law clause, jurisdiction clause, arbitration clause. The paper examines the issue of the possibility of including certain clauses in a cross-border commercial representation agreement and the ratio of the conditions included in the agreement with the possibility of their execution within the framework of the legislation of the respective state. The analysis of the clauses was carried out on the basis of such documents as the Liner Agreement of the Federation of National Associations of Ship Brokers and Agents; Model Commercial Agency Contract Prepared by the International Chamber of Commerce; Baltic and International Maritime Council Dispute Settlement Terms 2016; General Agency Agreement prepared by the Federation of National Associations of Ship Brokers and Agents, etc.

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II Trust Arbitration at the Institutional Level, 5 Institutional Approaches to Trust Arbitration: Comparing the AAA, ACTEC, ICC, and DIS Trust Arbitration Regimes

10.1093/law/9780198759829.003.0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Strong SI

Keyword(s):

Sufficient Reason ◽

Institutional Level ◽

Chamber Of Commerce ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Arbitration Clause ◽

Proposed Model ◽

International Chamber Of Commerce

This chapter compares four different institutional approaches to internal trust arbitration: the American Arbitration Association (AAA) Wills and Trusts Arbitration Rules, the American College of Trust and Estate Counsel’s (ACTEC) proposed model statutes and arbitration provisions, a model trust arbitration clause promulgated by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in 2008, and a specialized arbitral procedure created by the Deutsche Institution für Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (DIS) in 2009. It analyses each of these approaches in terms of enforceability and procedural incentives so as to determine whether each or any of the four procedures provides parties with sufficient reason to choose that mechanism over other options. The chapter concludes with an overall analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the four institutional approaches to internal trust arbitration.

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China's Innovative ISDS Mechanisms and Their Implications

AJIL Unbound ◽

10.1017/aju.2018.57 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 207-211

Author(s):

Huiping Chen

Keyword(s):

Dispute Settlement ◽

International Investment ◽

Dominant Mode ◽

International Strategy ◽

International Investment Law ◽

Chamber Of Commerce ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

International Court ◽

Investment Law ◽

International Chamber Of Commerce

International arbitration before Western-based institutions is the dominant mode of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). The Washington-based International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), the Hague-based Permanent Court of Arbitration, the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce, and the International Court of Arbitration of the Paris-based International Chamber of Commerce handle the vast majority of the world's international investment disputes. ICSID alone administers over sixty percent of the cases, while the others account for an additional twenty percent. Yet China has begun to innovate in ISDS over the last few years. These innovations have taken three main forms. The first is the extension of the jurisdiction of existing commercial arbitral institutions in China to cover foreign investment disputes. The second is the creation of new Chinese courts to possibly handle contractual investment disputes. The third is the formation of joint arbitration centers with states in regions where China invests heavily, such as Africa. This essay describes these changes and argues that they should be understood as reflecting an important facet of China's broader international strategy. In particular, the recent innovations aim to furnish adequate protection to Chinese investors in foreign countries, particularly developing states; actively shape international discourses on international investment law; and offer alternative, Chinese-initiated institutions that will break the monopoly of the West.

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Part I Investment Treaties and the Settlement of Investment Disputes: The Framework, 3 International Investment Dispute Settlement Mechanisms

10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Onwuamaegbu Ucheora

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

United Nations ◽

Dispute Settlement ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

International Investment ◽

Chamber Of Commerce ◽

Trade Law ◽

International Trade Law ◽

International Court ◽

International Chamber Of Commerce

This chapter begins by introducing the three institutions under whose auspices treaty-based investor-state arbitration proceedings have most commonly been conducted: the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), and the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC). Following a general overview of the three institutions, it examines certain procedural issues that may be considered by parties in deciding among them, assuming that consent exists. The intention is to highlight certain provisions in their arbitration rules that best demonstrate the main differences between them. Finally, the chapter examines the Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law under which the majority of ad hoc investor-state arbitrations have so far been conducted and draws certain contrasts between them and the rules of the institutions earlier discussed.

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Persekitaran Stesen Kerja dan Niat Untuk Berhenti

International Journal of Management Studies ◽

10.32890/ijms.18.2.2011.10353 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Zafir Mohd Makhbul ◽

Fazilah Mohamad Hasun

Keyword(s):

Chamber Of Commerce ◽

International Chamber Of Commerce

Penyelidikan ini bertujuan memberikan bukti empirikal tentang perhubungan antara faktor persekitaran stesen kerja dengan niat untuk berhenti. Sampel seramai 500 operator pengeluaran telah dipilih daripada sebelas organisasi perkilangan elektronik yang berdaftar dengan Malaysian International Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MICCI) dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak berstrata berkadaran. Kaedah soal selidik digunakan dalam proses pengumpulan data kajian ini. Analisis regresi linear berbilang menunjukkan 59.1 peratus perubahan dalam niat untuk berhenti disebabkan oleh hubungannya dengan persekitaran stesen kerja. Analisis regresi linear berbilang secara terperinci menunjukkan hanya faktor reka bentuk ruang kerja dan tempoh masa bekerja sahaja yang signifi kan dengan niat untuk berhenti (p<0.01). Faktor pengudaraan, sistem bunyi dan pencahayaan tidak signifi kan dengan niat untuk berhenti. Penemuan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa faktor reka bentuk ruang kerja dan tempoh masa bekerja memainkan peranan penting dalam meminimumkan niat untuk berhenti daripada organisasi. Persekitaran stesen kerja yang selesa boleh meningkatkan tahap daya saing pekerja dan menjamin modal insan yang cekap dan berkesan. Kata kunci: Stesen kerja, ergonomik, stres, niat untuk berhenti, perkilangan.

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ZBΒ -Dokumentation. International Standby Practices ISP98

Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft ◽

10.15375/zbb-1999-0506 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

Keyword(s):

Chamber Of Commerce ◽

Letters Of Credit ◽

International Chamber Of Commerce ◽

Deutsche Übersetzung

Bei den Standby Letters of Credit handelt es sich um die einer Bankgarantie ähnliche Sonderform des Dokumentenakkreditivs. Die ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) hat mit den International Standby Practices (ISP98) ein eigenständiges Regelwerk für Standby Letters of Credit veröffentlicht und ab dem 1. Januar 1999 zur Verwendung empfohlen. Die ISP98 werden in dem Beitrag von Haas, ZBB 1999, 301 (in diesem Heft) ausführlich dargestellt und auf ihre Verwendbarkeit für den deutschen Rechtskreis untersucht. Nachfolgend ist das Regelwerk in der englischen Originalfassung vollständig abgedruckt. Eine deutsche Ubersetzung liegt nicht vor.

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The Trouble with Foreign Investor Protection

10.1093/oso/9780198866213.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gus Van Harten

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Dispute Settlement ◽

Foreign Investor ◽

Foreign Investors ◽

Global Context ◽

Cross Border ◽

Massive Growth ◽

Main Effect ◽

History Of ◽

Legal Foundations

Governments are rightly discussing reform of investment treaties, and of the powerful system of ‘investor–state dispute settlement’ (ISDS) upon which they rest. It is therefore important to be clear about the crux of the problem. ISDS treaties are flawed fundamentally because they firmly institute wealth-based inequality under international law. That is, they use cross-border ownership of assets, mostly by multinationals and billionaires, as the gateway to extraordinary protections, while denying equivalent safeguards to those who lack the wealth required to qualify as foreign investors. The treaties thus have the main effect of safeguarding an awe-inspiring set of rights and privileges for the ultra-wealthy at the expense of countries and their populations. This book shows how ISDS came to explode in a global context of extreme concentration of wealth and of widespread poverty. The history of early ISDS treaties is highlighted to show their ties to decolonization and, sometimes, extreme violence and authoritarianism. Focusing on early ISDS lawsuits and rulings reveals how a small group of lawyers and arbitrators worked to create the legal foundations for massive growth of ISDS since 2000. ISDS-based protections are examined in detail to demonstrate how they give exceptional advantages to the wealthy. Examples are offered of how the protections have been used to reconfigure state decision making and shift sovereign minds in favour of foreign investors. Finally, the ongoing efforts of governments to reform ISDS are surveyed, with a call to go further or, even better, to withdraw from the treaties.

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