scholarly journals Pedestrian Flow Characteristics at Upstream and Downstream of Bottleneck for Unidirectional Flow under Normal Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Gulhare ◽  
Aparna P M ◽  
Ashish Verma
Keyword(s):  
Local Density ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Density Values

The study of pedestrian flow characteristics at upstream and downstream of bottlenecks is important from level of service and evacuation perspective. Many controlled laboratory experiments have been conducted to study pedestrians’ behavior at bottlenecks. However, it is unclear whether experiments can reproduce real crowd flow characteristics. In this paper, real field data was collected at normal conditions for unidirectional pedestrian movement at Mahakaleshwar, a Hindu temple at Ujjain, India during Mahashivaratri, a festival day on which a large number of pilgrims visited the temple. Along the corridor there is a width reduction at a U-turn which creates a bottleneck. It is necessary to study pedestrian flow characteristics at bottlenecks to ensure desired level of service at temple premises during heavy flow. The speed-density relationships of upstream and downstream sections were compared and it was found that flow behavior at both the sections of bottleneck severely differ from each other. Pedestrians in the upstream are either at free flow speed for very low density values or moving slowly for intermediate to high range of density values. From the speed-density relationship, it can be concluded that pedestrians at upstream had visual clues of congestion ahead at bottleneck (pedestrian could also see the downstream flow through barricades). Therefore, pedestrians wait at their position, stay in their comfort zone and do not push each other. Thus, even at intermediate local density, pedestrians have such low speeds. This violates the general assumption that pedestrians change their speed only at the shockwave boundary. The movement of pedestrians at upstream is governed by local density and information of congestion status ahead, whereas pedestrian movement at downstream is governed by factors like density, side friction and pedestrians’ willingness to compensate for the delay at bottleneck. This study is expected to have application in planning and operation of pedestrian facilities.

Effect of On-Street Parking on Pedestrian Flow Characteristics and Level of Service - An Indian Viewpoint

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninad Gore ◽  
Sanjay Dave ◽  
Jiten Shah ◽  
Shriniwas Arkatkar ◽  
Srinivas Pulugurtha
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Pedestrian Flow

scholarly journals Impact of Train Schedule on Pedestrian Movement on Stairway at Suburban Rail Transit Station in Mumbai, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Jiten ◽  
Joshi Gaurang ◽  
Parida Purnima ◽  
Arkatkar Shriniwas
Keyword(s):  
Level Of Service ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Capacity Level ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Transit Station ◽  
Bidirectional Movement

Pedestrian flow takes place in confined environment on stairways under the influence of composition, direction of movement, and schedule of trains. During peak-period, alighting and boarding rate is quite high resulting in very high pedestrian movement from one platform to the other to catch the next train at interchange stations. The transfer of passengers from railway platforms through common undivided stairways becomes difficult, uncomfortable, and unsafe at times when pedestrian flow reaches the capacity level. Understanding of criteria defining quality of flow that affect the effectiveness of facilities like stairways in handling the pedestrian traffic is vital for planning and designing of such facilities to ensure the desired level of service as well as safety in case of emergency. The present paper is based on the study of pedestrian movement on stairways at busy suburban rail transit interchange station at Dadar in Mumbai, India. Pedestrian movements are captured through videography at two stairways and the effect of bidirectional movement on average walking speed is analyzed. The ascending flow in small proportion is found to be more influential in causing speed reduction on undivided stairways. The outcome of the study is useful for capacity and level of service analysis while planning and designing the transit station stairways.

scholarly journals Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabha Banerjee ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar Maurya ◽  
Gregor Lämmel
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Directional Movement ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Walking Speeds

Flow characteristics and Level of Service (LOS) are two terms which are highly correlated, where the flow characteristics of a particular pedestrian or a group of pedestrians over a facility greatly influence the level of service of that facility. This paper does an exhaustive review of the flow characteristics and level of service and how different factors are observed to influence the movement over different types of pedestrian facilities. Previous attempts have been made by different researchers to explore pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service, but such attempts were done separately and not in a combined manner. As mentioned above it is extremely important to study both flow characteristics and level of service together as it allows for a better understanding of the facility. The review highly focusses on the studies which were conducted facility wise using either qualitatively or quantitatively techniques in Western as well as Asian countries. It was observed that researchers mostly used single regime approach to capture uni- and bi-directional movement to develop fundamental relationships. Age, gender, width, attire, gradient and group size were some of the major factors that were observed to affect average walking speeds. To develop LOS, videography technique was more preferred in the western countries while questionnaire survey was more used in the Asian countries. For the qualitative survey, safety, comfort, accessibility and traffic control were common parameters chosen, while space, flow and delay were mostly used to define quantitative measures. Critical assessments are made, and research gaps are identified as well. The study shows that it is of utmost importance that both flow characteristics and level of service are studied together as it allows a better understanding of the current existing scenario as well as it captures the actual pedestrian movements over that particular pedestrian facility. Moreover, recommendations are also made which might be of utmost relevance to future researchers who might want to use the substance of this paper in order to arrive at different decisions on how to conduct data collection and analyse such data accordingly under different conditions and over different facilities.

Comparative Study of Macroscopic Pedestrian Flow Characteristics on Stairways at Rail Transit Stations

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiten Shah ◽  
Gaurang Joshi ◽  
Purnima Parida ◽  
Shriniwas Arkatkar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Pedestrian Flow

Effect of stairway width on pedestrian flow characteristics at railway stations

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
S. Jiten ◽  
J. Gaurang ◽  
P. Purnima ◽  
S. Arkatkar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Railway Stations

scholarly journals Swirling Flows Characteristics in a Cylinder Under Effect of Buoyancy

Mechanika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Mustafa FEKHAR ◽  
Rachid SACI ◽  
Renée GATIGNOL
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Swirling Flows ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Thermal Buoyancy ◽  
State Diagrams ◽  
The Core ◽  
Flow Stagnation

Thermal buoyancy, induced by injection or by differential heating of a tiny rod is explored to control breakdown in the core of a helical flow driven by the lid rotation of a cylinder. Three main parameters are required to characterize numerically the flow behavior; namely, the rotational Reynolds number Re, the cavity aspect ratio and the Richardson number Ri. Warm injection/rod, Ri > 0, is shown to prevent on-axis flow stagnation while breakdown enhancement is evidenced when Ri < 0. Results revealed that a bubble vortex evolves into a ring type structure which may remain robust, as observed in prior related experiments or, in contrast, disappear over a given range of parameters (Λh, Re, Ri > 0). Besides, the emergence of such a toroidal mode was not found to occur under thermal stratification induced by a differentially heated rod. Moreover, three state diagrams were established which provide detailed flow characteristics under the distinct and combined effects of buoyancy strength, viscous effects and cavity aspect ratio.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KAPASITAS DAN KINERJA LALU LINTAS PADA RUAS JALAN JENDERAL SUDIRMAN JAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Sarah Haryati ◽  
Najid Najid
Keyword(s):  
Flow Speed ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Traffic Behavior

Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia is the center of economy, culture, and politics. Jenderal Sudirman street always crowded with passing vehicles, traffic snarls up everyday. The causes of these traffic jam is an increase the number of vehicles and cause a change in traffic behavior. Theoretically there is a fudamental relationship between flow, speed, & density, so the purpose of these research are to analyze and evaluate performance of traffic capacity in various conditions based on Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 1997 and Greenshields model. Conclusion of the analysis are, after compared with traffic volume, capacity and speed based on MKJI are 3.127,6 pcu/hour and 55,7 km/hour, but the capacity of the model are selected because it’s largest, for sudirman – thamrin it’s 8.272,5 pcu/hour, and for thamrin – sudirman it’s 8.067,9 pcu/hour, While the calculation of free flow for sudirman – thamrin it’s 41.2 km/hour the lowest occurs in  evening, and for thamrin – sudirman it’s 43,9 km/hour the lowest occurs in  afternoon. The largest capacity it’s used for the next analysis, the next analysis are calculating degree of saturation and level of service, the result  shows that the roads are at C and D.ABSTRAKJakarta ibu kota negara Indonesia merupakan pusat ekonomi, budaya, dan politik. Sebuah jalan di Jakarta yaitu Jenderal Sudirman selalu dipadati kendaraan. Lalu lintas di Jalan Jenderal Sudirman setiap hari mengalami kemacetan penyebabnya adalah peningkatan jumlah kendaraan di dalam kota dan menyebabkan perubahan perilaku lalu lintas, secara teoritis terdapat hubungan yang mendasar antara arus, kecepatan, dan kepadatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis, mengevaluasi kinerja dan kapasitas lalu lintas di berbagai macam kondisi, tentu berdasarkan pedoman Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia dan kapasitas model Greenshields. Dari hasil analisis hasil perhitungan kapasitas dan kecepatan arus bebas berdasarkan MKJI sebesar 3.127,6 smp/jam dan 55,7 km/jam setelah dibandingkan dengan volume lalu lintas dipilih kapasitas model yang terbesar yaitu sebesar 8.272,5 smp/jam pada sudirman - thamrin & 8.067,9 smp/jam pada thamrin - sudirman, dan hasil perhitungan kecepatan arus bebas terendah sebesar 41,2 km/jam di sore hari untuk sudirman - thamrin, sebaliknya thamrin - sudirman terendah sebesar 43,9 km/jam di siang hari. Gunakan kapasitas yang terpilih tersebut untuk analisis berikutnya yaitu perhitungan ratio perbandingan arus dan kapasitas (DS) dan tingkat pelayanan yan berada pada tingkat pelayanan huruf C dan D di kedua arahnya.

scholarly journals VEHICLE – PEDESTRIAN CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY IN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorain Mohd Isa ◽  
Ahmad Zaharin Aris ◽  
Zakiah Ponrahono ◽  
Rosta Harun
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Manual Calculation

Vehicle-pedestrian conflict is a commonly unsafe event that occurs in both urban and rural areas, especially in developing countries. It is still an open research topic, mostly in traffic safety and urban planning, which is utilised for evaluating the behaviours of vehicles and pedestrians at a non-signalised marked walkway. Three stations were selected based on higher daily activities to calculate the regularity of pedestrian movement. A manual calculation method was applied, and the calculation was done only during the daytime. Three different teams were formed to obtain the measurements at the three different sampling points simultaneously. A present study on preliminary vehicle-pedestrian conflict reveals the frequency of pedestrians in a concentrated area and its Level of Service (LOS) in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang. The findings show that rush hour occurs during the mid-day in weekday, when students have finished their classes and adults have gone out for other businesses.

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