Perencanaan Perkuatan Lereng Menggunakan Geoframe di Jalan Raya Dampit-Lumajang

A Landslide is the movement of soil mass or rock constituents down the slope due to disturbance of soil stability. One of the factors that affect soil stability is the rainy season as happened in Sumberwuluh Village, Candipuro District, Lumajang Regency. The alternative used to stabilize the slope is by changing the slope geometry, then adding geoframe reinforcement. This study aims to determine the value of the factor of safety (SF) of unreinforced slopes, after changing the slope geometry, and after being given geoframe reinforcement. The method used in analyzing slope stability is the Ordinary/Fellenius method. The results of the calculation of slope stability without reinforcement using the Rocscience Slide software obtained a SF of 0.719, while the manual calculation obtained a SF of 0.7191. The two values ​​of the safety factor are less than 1.25, which means that landslides often occur. The results of the calculation of slope stability after changing the geometry of the slopes obtained a SF of 0.828 where the value is less than 1.25 which means that landslides often occur. The slopes that have been changed geometry are added with geoframe reinforcement. The results of the calculation of slope stability using geoframe reinforcement obtained a SF of 1.315 where the value is more than 1.25 which means that landslides are rare or slope in a safe condition.

Design A Lighting Point Calculator System For Residential Houses Using Microsoft Visual Basic

Lighting point calculation plays an important feature in developing a new residential house. This enables people inside the house will have enough of light to perform tasks efficiently. Currently, consulting electrical engineers use rules of thumb to forecast the quantity of lighting points, however these rules are inaccurate. It does not take into account the lux required based on Malaysian Standard MS1525. Furthermore, good lighting can save money and provide visual comfort to the occupants. However, numerous parameters such as room index, utilisation factor and illuminance used for each space or room inside the house must be considered when determining the quantity of lighting point for a residential property. Three types of residential houses are considered which are: single storey house, double storey house and condominium house. This paper presents the development of lighting point calculator system for residential houses using Microsoft Visual Basic and comparison of quantity of lighting point using manual calculation using Microsoft Excel and simulation calculation using Microsoft Visual Basic.

Load Transfer On Bored Pile Foundation Instrumented With Fiber Optic And Concrete Quality Analysis

The problem in the construction method of the bored pile is the contamination of mud or the other contaminant that can cause the modulus of elasticity of concrete to decrease. This research determines the modulus of concrete on a bored pile foundation instrumented with fiber-optic (FO) with a manual calculation based on strain data during loading test, validated with the results of research in the laboratory and numerical analysis. Fiber optic was used to measure the strain along with the pile during the loading test. The bored pile foundation is divided into 12 segments with the same strain characteristics, and then the modulus value is calculated. The result is the modulus value of each segment is different, and the value of the modulus changes along with the increase in strain; the modulus will decrease as the strain increases. This differs from the theory that the modulus has a fixed value approximated by empirical equations. Made a cylindrical concrete sample on both sides, which installed a FO to record the strain during the loading test. The result is true that the modulus is not constant but decreases as the strain increases. It is shown in the result of analysis to fiber-optic measurement data. Created a model in Plaxis2D for validation, and the results are not much different from the manual calculation.

Construction Cost for Soil Excavation (Cut and Fill) on-Site: Computer Based Program Analysis

Excavation is an important part of any construction project whereby removing earth to form cavity in the ground. This paper mainly focuses on cut and fill excavation by identify the cost of labor, material and equipment. Besides that, this paper aims to have better understanding on Bill of Quantity using coding. The method implemented for this study is using GNU Octave, version 6.2.0 and manual calculation to calculate the construction cost incurred during excavation process. Referring to the manual calculation, the overall cost obtained for the project is RM27352.15 whereas using GNU Octave software obtained for the project is RM27352.15. Thus, both GNU Octave software and manual calculation has zero percent difference. Octave is a computer programme that is designed for numerical computations and able to solve linear and nonlinear mathematical problems.

Hydrostatic Force on Submerged Gate: Computer Based Program Analysis

Resultant force caused by the pressure loading of a liquid acting on submerged surfaces are known as Hydraulic force. Calculating the hydrostatic force is necessary to design a building that can resist forces due to its fluid. There are 2 conditions of the submerged surface, those are fully submerged and partly submerged. In this study, three scenarios will be used for developing computer-based program for calculating hydrostatic force and will be compared to manual calculation. The numerical analysis will be conducted using GNU Octave, version 6.2.0. The scenarios are fully submerged plane with 90°, fully submerged plane with inclination angle and partially submerged plane with inclination angle. Overall, from scenario one to three, the percentage differences are 0%, with the mean percentage difference of the program is 0%. Hence, it satisfies all the elements that need to be checked based on the hydrostatic force calculation in Fluid Mechanics.

Design of heat exchanger for the production of zinc imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) particles

The design of a heat exchanger is very effective to reduce total production costs, compared to buying a ready-made exchanger. This study aims to design a heat exchanger with a manual calculation analysis method to get dimension calculations of the heat exchanger. Dimension calculation of heat exchanger aims to determine the quality of the heat exchanger based on the overall heat transfer coefficient and the dirt factor that occurs in the heat exchanger. The designed heat exchanger is a shell and tube type with 1 (one) pass shell and 2 (two) pass tubes using water as hot fluid and cold fluid. The fluid flow is assumed to be the opposite. The results show the effectiveness of the heat exchanger reaches more than 50%. The performance of the designed heat exchanger is relatively good but it still does not meet the minimum requirements of the established dirt factor. This research can be useful as a learning method regarding the design process, working mechanism, and heat exchanger performance.

Comparison of a Deep Learning Algorithm vs. Humans for Vertebral Heart Scale Measurements in Cats and Dogs Shows a High Degree of Agreement Among Readers

Heart disease is a leading cause of death among cats and dogs. Vertebral heart scale (VHS) is one tool to quantify radiographic cardiac enlargement and to predict the occurrence of congestive heart failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) performing VHS measurements when compared with two board-certified specialists. Ground truth consisted of the average of constituent VHS measurements performed by board-certified specialists. Thirty canine and 30 feline thoracic lateral radiographs were evaluated by each operator, using two different methods for determination of the cardiac short axis on dogs' radiographs: the original approach published by Buchanan and the modified approach proposed by the EPIC trial authors, and only Buchanan's method for cats' radiographs. Overall, the VHS calculated by the AI, radiologist, and cardiologist had a high degree of agreement in both canine and feline patients (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.998). In canine patients, when comparing methods used to calculate VHS by specialists, there was also a high degree of agreement (ICC = 0.999). When evaluating specifically the results of the AI VHS vs. the two specialists' readings, the agreement was excellent for both canine (ICC = 0.998) and feline radiographs (ICC = 0.998). Performance of AI trained to locate VHS reference points agreed with manual calculation by specialists in both cats and dogs. Such a computer-aided technique might be an important asset for veterinarians in general practice to limit interobserver variability and obtain more comparable VHS reading over time.

Evaluation of density variations to determine impact on sterile compounding

Purpose To determine the density variation between (1) the measured density and manually calculated density, (2) density variation of different lots, and (3) density variation of different drug manufacturers in order to support institutions using gravimetric compounding methods. Summary Seventeen sterile injectable ingredient (drug) vials frequently used to make compounded sterile products (CSPs) were identified based on the ability to ensure that for each drug there were vials produced by 2 different manufacturers and 2 lots produced by the same manufacturer. Each drug’s density was measured using a density meter and by manual calculation using the institution’s density formula. Density differences were compared between the 2 different methods. Overall, the average drug density difference between the measured versus calculated density was determined to be 0.022. Further analysis revealed the average difference between the different lot numbers of the same manufacturers was 0.005 for the nonhazardous drugs and 0.0001 for the hazardous drugs. The average difference between the different manufacturers of the same drug was determined to be 0.008 for the nonhazardous drugs and 0.001 for hazardous drugs. Conclusion No clinically meaningful difference exists when manually calculating a drug’s density compared to measuring a drug’s density using a density meter. In addition, there does not appear to be a sizeable density variation between the same drugs in separate lots or produced by different manufacturers.

Development of a simulation model of energy-saving system based on CCGT-110 and ABСM for energy and thermodynamic analysis

Objectives. Simulation modeling is increasingly being used for the study of complex economic, technical, biological, etc. systems. Such systems are characterized by multifactorial relationships of their functioning, nonlinear dependencies between system elements and stochasticity of their parameters, etc. The purpose of this work is to develop a simulation model based on the C# programming language for the energy-saving CCGT-110 and ABCM system based on the results of manual analysis according to the data of a full-scale experiment.Method. Methods of linear and nonlinear approximation, methods of energy and thermodynamic analysis, as well as methods of mathematical simulation modeling are used to develop the simulation model.Result.The result of this work is the developed software SAESS 3.0, which allows you to analyze the operation of the CCGT-110 and ABCM systems together and separately in a wide range of parameters and in real time. Conclusion.To assess the adequacy of the developed program, a comparative analysis of software and manual calculation was carried out. Deviations do not exceed an average of 3 %, which confirms the reliability of the simulation model.

Review on “Assessment of the effect of lateral dynamic forces on rcc cantilever l-shaped and t-shaped retaining wall with height variations”

It is now becoming very essential to analyse the behaviour of retaining structures due to their wide infrastructural applications. The important factors which are affecting the stability of the retaining wall are the distribution of earth pressure on the wall, material of backfill & its reaction against earth pressure. There are several types of retaining walls, out of them the cantilever retaining wall is adopted for present design and study. In this paper, the study of literature based on the design of the cantilever retaining walls under seismic or dynamic conditions is studied. From the studied literature, many authors performed their calculations in Excel sheets by a manual method. Then the Results obtained from the manual calculation are then validated in STAAD pro. Several authors show the calculated quantity of steel and concrete required for various heights of walls. It is also concluded from the study that the design of cantilever retaining wall is suitable, safe, and economical up to a height of 6m, after that banding moment at toe increases. Some authors have also shown the calculated factor of safety for different height conditions. From the study of mentioned literature, we can recommended to also show the graph of bending moment with height variation. Both the designs are done for various heights ranging from 3 m to 6 m.