scholarly journals The use of human placenta for purification of normal and immune animal sera

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
V. G Kozlov ◽  
Yu. Yu Ivin ◽  
V. P Grachev

There was described and efficient and economical approach for the removal of toxic substances from normal and immune sera from various species of animals with the use of human placenta tissue. Purification brings about to perceptible losses of neither serum-specific activity nor the original volume. Being simple the method does not require any special equipment and can be used in conditions of low-volume or in laboratory production of serum preparations. There are considered as well possible origins of serum toxicity as mechanism of antitoxic activity of placenta.

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MILEWICH ◽  
L. R. AXELROD

SUMMARY Washed, lyophilized placental microsomes from baboons were incubated with [4-14C–1,2-3H]testosterone and NADPH in air; labelled oestrone, 17β-oestradiol, androstenedione, 19-hydroxytestosterone, 19-hydroxyandrostenedione and unchanged substrate were isolated from the incubations by paper chromatography and were further characterized by crystallization to constant specific activity. When NADPH was omitted, androstenedione was the only metabolite and its yield was greatly diminished. Oestrone and 17β-oestradiol had similar 3H: 14C ratios and the amount of tritium retained in these metabolites was about 28% of that present in the substrate. The amount of tritium retained in oestrone and 17β-oestradiol suggest that aromatization by the baboon placenta proceeds through the same pathway as that demonstrated for the human placenta. A slight decrease in the 3H:14C ratio was observed in androstenedione, 19-hydroxytestosterone and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione. The recovered substrate had an unchanged ratio.


1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Little ◽  
Ann Shaw

ABSTRACT The conversion of progesterone to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone by the soluble fraction of human placenta has been demonstrated in vitro. The incubation system contained the soluble supernatant fluid fraction of placental homogenate (105 000 × g), progesterone 4-14C as substrate, authentic 17α-hydroxyprogesterone as trap and a reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide generating system as cofactor. The 17α-hydroxyprogesterone formed was isolated chromatographically and radiochemical purity was demonstrated by constant specific activity in a counter current distribution. Constant specific activity and radiochemical purity of the oxidation product and the acetylated derivative was also shown.


1983 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W D Ścisłowski ◽  
S Żołnierowicz ◽  
L Żelewski

The activities of NAD-specific and NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenases were measured in early and term human placenta. In both tissues the activity of NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase was severalfold higher than that of the NAD-dependent enzyme. Subcellular distribution of these two enzymes in the placental tissue was estimated. About 60% of the total NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was found in the mitochondrial fraction and about 40% in the cytosol fraction. Insignificant amounts of the total activity were bound to the microsomal fraction. The whole of the NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was localized in the mitochondrial fraction. The total mitochondrial NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in both early and term placenta was also estimated from the mitochondrial specific activity of this enzyme and the amount of mitochondrial protein in wet tissue, calculated from the activities of citrate synthase or cytochrome c oxidase assayed in the isolated mitochondrial fraction and in the tissue of early and term human placenta.


1985 ◽  
Vol 230 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Hershfield ◽  
V N Aiyar ◽  
R Premakumar ◽  
W C Small

S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) was purified to homogeneity from human placenta by using S-adenosylhomocysteine-agarose affinity chromatography. The enzyme is a tetramer with a native Mr of 189 000 and subunit Mr of 47 000-48 000; there were nine cysteine residues per subunit and no disulphide bonds. The pI was 5.7. H.p.l.c. analysis revealed that the enzyme contained four molecules of tightly bound cofactor (NAD) per tetramer, of which 10-50% was in the reduced form. The enzyme had four binding sites per tetramer for adenosine, of which 10-35% were found to be occupied. Two types of adenosine-binding sites could be distinguished on the basis of differences in rates of dissociation of the enzyme-adenosine complex, and by examining binding of adenosine at 0 degree C and 37 degrees C. The enzyme catalysed the interconversion of adenosine and 4′,5′-dehydroadenosine; the equilibrium constant for this reaction was 2.1 and favoured 4′,5′-dehydroadenosine formation. Variability in the specific activity of preparations of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase was related to the NAD+/NADH ratio of the preparation. The capacity to bind radioactively labelled adenosine depended on the adenosine content of the purified enzyme. The rate of adenosine binding and the sensitivity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to inactivation by adenosine were both diminished in the absence of dithiothreitol.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (93) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
V. A. Kotelevych

The results of the veterinary and sanitary examination of food products are based on data from Zhytomyr Regional State Laboratory of the State Service for Safety of Food and Consumer Protection and State Laboratories of Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise of Economic Markets in Zhytomyr and Zhytomyr Oblast for 2018. The main cause of detoxification of offal was invasive disease. Total sales: 80.26325 tons of products and 10397 positive results were obtained, out of which 92 carcasses, 4074 cases of invasive and non-communicable diseases – 10.262 tons, 6231 cases of other food products with a total weight of 70.00125. The analysis of the reporting documentation of the ZHDLDPPS and the state laboratories of all economic markets in Zhytomyr and Zhytomyr region showed that the main causes of milk and dairy products were: mechanical and bacterial contamination, falsification, subclinical mastics, inconsistency of organoleptic parameters with regulatory requirements, fat content and acidity, violation of terms of implementation. Screening test systems (Charm test Chloramphenicol, 4 sensors (antibiotics of Beta-lactam groups, Tetracyclines, Streptomycins, Chloramphenicol) 247 samples of raw milk were checked, of which 2.4% were positive. Security guarantor  dairy products in Ukraine remains a system for monitoring sanitary-dangerous pathogens and residual amounts of toxic substances. The pollution of forest fungi and game in the victims of the Chernobyl accident in the Zhytomyr region remains at a rather high level and they are the main source of danger to consumers. The most contaminated samples of fresh mushrooms, whose specific activity exceeded the regulatory requirements of DR-2006 for 137Cs content in 2018, were from Ovruch (5 samples 509.1 – 3375 Bq/kg), Native (1 sample – 1956 Bq/kg) and Zhitnaya Market of Zhytomyr (3 samples 2328–2345 bq/kg at a rate of 500 Bq/kg). Accordingly, samples of dry mushrooms at a norm of 2500 Bq/kg did not meet the normative requirements of Ovruch 1 (6329 Bq/kg), of the Nurses 2 samples (4330 Bq/kg and 4987 Bq/kg) and Olevsk 1 sample (2814Bk/kg. DLVSE the study of 28 samples of dry fungi showed that the specific activity of 50% of samples from the Ovruch region was 2520–5000 Bq/kg, 5.8% of samples from the Emilchinsky district – 2544–2923 Bq/kg, 7.2% of the samples from the Native -397– 29022 Bq/kg and 4.3% of samples from the Olevsk rayon – 2739–2892 Bq/kg. Of the LRDLDPPS examined, 3 samples of game – 1 sample from Ovruch exceeded the permissible levels by 2.3 times (464 Bq/kg), with Lugin in 3.3 times (634 Bq/kg), from the Native – 7.6 times (1531 Bq/kg) .And according to the DLVSE, the level of contamination of the game with 6 samples in the Germans – 4 samples (2000-12124 Bq/kg) In Samara, 1 sample in Korosten amounted to 1,500 Bq kg, of which 48 samples of milk tested by the DLVSE in the Germans all showed an excess of 137Cs (101-172 Bq/kg ), fish-2 samples – 203 and 590 Bq/kg.


Author(s):  
Aline Byrnes ◽  
Elsa E. Ramos ◽  
Minoru Suzuki ◽  
E.D. Mayfield

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.


2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
Michael Alschibaja ◽  
Joerg Massmann ◽  
Armin Funk ◽  
Heiner Van Randenborgh ◽  
Rudolf Hartung ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document