Deep Learning-Based Economic Forecasting for the New Energy Vehicle Industry

Recently the issues of insufficient energy and serious air pollution around the world have been rising. Henceforth, there is a need to carry out a research of new energy. Soon, new energy vehicles will be the mainstream trend, which can not only reduce the burden of consumers due to rising fuel prices but also solve the air pollution problem caused by the exhaust emissions of fuel vehicles. With the rapid development of science and technology, deep learning continues to make breakthroughs, and, in the field of economy with huge information data, we have more powerful weapons available to predict and research important economic data with infinite value, which can not only provide reference information to policy makers but also help enterprises and even economic markets to develop more healthily and sustainably. Therefore, this article uses deep learning algorithms to forecast and analyze the new energy industry, starting from the financial information released by new energy vehicle companies in their annual reports, in order to make basic judgments and help policy makers and enterprises in the new energy vehicle industry.

Universality and Cultural Diversity in Moral Reasoning and Judgment

Many theories have shaped the concept of morality and its development by anchoring it in the realm of the social systems and values of each culture. This review discusses the current formulation of moral theories that attempt to explain cultural factors affecting moral judgment and reasoning. It aims to survey key criticisms that emerged in the past decades. In both cases, we highlight examples of cultural differences in morality, to show that there are cultural patterns of moral cognition in Westerners’ individualistic culture and Easterners’ collectivist culture. It suggests a paradigmatic change in this field by proposing pluralist “moralities” thought to be universal and rooted in the human evolutionary past. Notwithstanding, cultures vary substantially in their promotion and transmission of a multitude of moral reasonings and judgments. Depending on history, religious beliefs, social ecology, and institutional regulations (e.g., kinship structure and economic markets), each society develops a moral system emphasizing several moral orientations. This variability raises questions for normative theories of morality from a cross-cultural perspective. Consequently, we shed light on future descriptive work on morality to identify the cultural characteristics likely to impact the expression or development of reasoning, justification, argumentation, and moral judgment in Westerners’ individualistic culture and Easterners’ collectivist culture.

Occupation, 1865–1877

Restoring the Union and securing emancipation after the Civil War depended on the U.S. Army. But the symbolism of standing military forces operating at the domestic vanguard of social and political change hampered the army’s ability to conduct a widespread occupation. The success of Reconstruction (1865–1877) depended on the army integrating itself in unprecedented ways in political affairs, social conditions, and economic markets to forge a new South stable enough never again to threaten the Union’s survival, but not too centralized to appear coercive. Ultimately, the very institution that reintegrated the formerly rebellious states into their proper federal orbit was also regarded by White Northerners and Southerners as an unstable threat to democratic self-determination. Hampered by a consistent and rapid demobilization, the army could not wield the tools necessary to prevent former Confederates from regaining political power and “redeeming” the South into an eerie image of its prewar self.

Market Openness and Its Relationship to Connecting Markets Due to COVID-19

In this research, statistical models were formulated to study the effect of the health crisis arising from COVID-19 in economic markets. Economic markets experience economic crises irrespective of effects corresponding to financial contagion. This investigation was based on a mixed linear regression model that contains both fixed and random effects for the estimation of parameters and a mixed linear regression model corresponding to the generalisation of a linear model using the incorporation of random deviations and used data on the evolution of the international trade of a group of 42 countries, in order to quantify the effect that COVID-19 has had on their trade relationships and considering the average state of trade relationships before the global pandemic was declared and its subsequent effects. To measure, quantify and model the effect of COVID-19 on trade relationships, three main indicators were used: imports, exports and the sum of imports and exports, using six model specifications for the variation in foreign trade as response variables. The results suggest that trade openness, measured through the trade variable, should be modelled with a mixed model, while imports and exports can be modelled with an ordinary linear regression model. The trade relationship between countries with greater economic openness (using imports and exports as a trade variable) has a higher correlation with the country’s health index and its effect on the financial market through its main trading index; the same is true for country risk. However, regarding the association with OECD membership, the relations are only with imports.

Sex and grooming as exchange commodities in female bonobos’ daily biological market

The Biological Market Theory (BMT) posits that cooperation between non-human animals can be seen as a mutually beneficial exchange of commodities similarly to what observed in human economic markets. Positive social interactions are commodities in non-human animals, and mutual exchanges fulfilling the criteria of the BMT have been shown in several species. However, the study of biological markets suffers from methodological limitations that are mainly linked to the difficulty of clearly identifying the currencies and their exchanges in the short-term. Here, we test whether bonobo females are more attractive during their maximum swelling phase, whether they exchange grooming and Genito-Genital Rubbing (GGR) on a daily level of analysis, and whether these daily exchanges fulfil the BMT criteria. Females engaged more in GGR when their sexual swelling was in the maximum phase. Moreover, they exchanged grooming and sex according to the daily “market fluctuations” associated with swelling status. Females in the minimum phase (low-value) increased their probability to engage in GGR with females in the maximum phase (high-value) by grooming them preferentially. In line with the supply/demand law, the female grooming strategy varied depending on the daily number of swollen females present: the higher the number of swollen females, the lower the individual grooming preference. As a whole, our study confirms BMT as a valid model to explain daily commodity exchanges as a function of the temporary value of traders, and underlines the importance of a day-by-day approach to unveil the presence of a biological market when the value of traders frequently changes.

Import of Scientific Policy Instruments in Contemporary Russia

Characteristic features of contemporary scientific policy of Russia in the context of its instruments import are highlighted in the article. Instruments are analyzed as institutions according to the D. North interpretation. It was revealed that the main imports are the instruments those ensure the accountability of the academic community (academia). Grant funding system, scientometrics and academic excellence programs are these instruments. In the conditions of contemporary Russia the accountability of scientists and scholars to society turns into accountability to the vertical of power. The motivation of its representatives includes both the idea of public benefits as well as the task of private efficiency maximizing when to select the goals and instruments of scientific policy. It is shown that the selection process includes three main levels: political, governmental and departmental. Imported instruments are gradually transformed in accordance with the interests of the actors participating in the vertical administrative bargaining at all these levels. The goals set at the political level to strengthen economic and political positions of the country in the world are gradually being replaced with the tasks of maximizing the private efficiency of high-ranking participants in this bargaining. As a result, a qualitative modification of the sphere of science occurs. It is not just about the limitation of academic community autonomy, but about its incorporation into the vertical of power in the conditions of contemporary Russia. This fact leads to the changing of motivation and structure of academia. Academic researchers and scholars are gradually being replaced by politicized academic administrators and specific academic entrepreneurs. They are differ if compare them with the western academic entrepreneurs. The latter are focused on the competitive economic markets, while the first concentrate their attention on the redistribution of resources within the framework of vertical administrative bargaining.

State, Society and Markets in North Korea

Under Kim Jong-un, North Korea has experienced growing economic markets, an emerging 'nouveau riche,' and modest levels of urban development. To what extent is North Korean politics and society changing? How has the growth of markets transformed state-society relations? This Element evaluates the shifting relationship between state, society, and markets in a deeply authoritarian context. If the regime implements controlled economic measures, extracts rent, and subsumes the market economy into its ideology, the state will likely retain strong authoritarian control. Conversely, if it fails to incorporate markets into its legitimating message, as private actors build informal trust networks, share information, and collude with state bureaucrats, more fundamental changes in state-society relations are in order. By opening the 'black box' of North Korea, this Element reveals how the country manages to teeter forward, and where its domestic future may lie.

Academic entrepreneurship -The applicability of doctoral and doctoral theses from Campos dos Goytacazes -RJ in the entrepreneurial market

Knowledge combined with innovation has been shown to be a driving factor for the growth and development of sustainable economic markets and, given the reality of the current scenario in Brazil in relation to social, political and economic aspects, see the high rate of unemployment and informal workers that they need emergency governmental support to survive, the importance of cooperative union between academic centers, scientific society, government and private initiative to induce public and institutional policy strategies that cause scientific, technological and social advances, transforming the knowledge in market innovations that generate jobs and income for social actors. In this scenario, stricto sensu postgraduate courses, especially doctorates, have contributed to the advancement of Innovation, Science and Technology, considered to be driversof economic and social change. Thus, assuming that all theses created in university centers precede an intellectual innovation, this research aims to highlight the reasons that lead to low entrepreneurial applicability among doctoral and doctoral student research. The hypothesis raised is that the lack of disciplines interconnected to entrepreneurship in graduate studies creates an imprisonment of Brazilian scientists' ideas in the academic field without other ramifications. The methodological procedures used will be of a qualitative quantitative approach, with regard to the objectives, the research is presented as descriptive and exploratory, having as a procedure bibliographic studies and the creation and application of a questionnaire for doctors and doctoral students in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. As a result of this research, I hoped to understand the reasons that lead to the low applicability and insertion of academic ideas in local entrepreneurship and the statistical survey of alternatives for interconnection between researchers and the market.

CHINA’S HUNT FOR FUEL THROUGH BRI IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to examine China’s hunt for the acquisition of energy supplies through the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) in the Middle East due to the unprecedented economic expansion on accounts of which it needs reliable resources of natural gas and oil to cope with the requisite needs of energy. Methodology: The data for this study is collected from various secondary sources like Research Journals, Academic Research Papers, and Electronic Sources. Data were interpreted using the deductive method of investigation through an analytical and descriptive approach. Principal Findings: The main findings indicate that China has long followed its “win-win” strategy, which means that all trading partners of the region profit fairly, and for that reason, Beijing is aiming to boost its commercial presence in the region of the Middle East for mutual gains and that economic interdependence, according to Beijing encourages collaboration between the states on accounts of which it is considered that energy deals of China are centered on mutual economic interests. Applications of this study: Findings of the study will be helpful for scholars and academics of International Relations, Security Studies, Policymakers of China and the Middle East countries, diplomats of China, USA, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Iran as well as it also contributes for understanding energy and economic ambitions of China in the region of Middle East, which to be accomplished through BRI. Novelty/Originality of this study: The originality/novelty of the study lies in the attempt to explore that BRI is considered as the 21st century’s Marshall Plan by China and that it will associate China’s hunt for global energy resources by diversification of the economic markets of the Middle East.

Overview

An overview is provided of multiple book themes. A critical one is explaining how and where conscious states of seeing, hearing, feeling, and knowing arise in our minds, why they are needed to choose effective actions, yet how unconscious states also critically influence behavior. Other themes include learning, expectation, attention, imagination, and creativity; differences between illusion and reality, and between conscious seeing and recognizing, as embodied within surface-shroud resonances and feature-category resonances, respectively; roles of visual boundaries and surfaces in understanding visual art, movies, and TV; different legacies of Helmholtz and Kanizsa towards understanding vision; how stable opaque percepts and bistable transparent percepts are explained by the same laws; how solving the stability-plasticity dilemma enables brains to learn quickly without catastrophically forgetting previously learned but still useful knowledge; how we correct errors, explore novel experiences, and develop individual selves and cumulative cultural accomplishments; how expected vs. unexpected events are regulated by interacting top-down and bottom-up processes, leading to either adaptive resonances that support fast and stable new learning, or hypothesis testing whereby to learn about novel experiences; how variations of the same cooperative and competitive processes shape intelligence in species, cellular tissues, economic markets, and political systems; how short-term memory, medium-term memory, and long-term memory regulate adaptation to changing environments on different time scales; how processes whereby we learn what events are causal also support irrational, superstitious, obsessional, self-punitive, and antisocial behaviors; how relaxation responses arise; and how future acoustic contexts can disambiguate conscious percepts of past auditory and speech sequences that are occluded by noise or multiple speakers.