scholarly journals On the Value of rectal exploration as an Aid to Diagnosis in Diseases of children. Tuberculosis of the Uterus or Adnexa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Author(s):  
M. Ginzburg
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
The Brain

Tuberculosis of the uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries very rare in children, so rare that D-r. S. remembers all these cases both clinical and postmortem. There are also very few of these drugs in museums. In Guy's Hospital, there are only 2 of them: one is the Fallopian tube, stretched by cheese-like masses, the other is the brain and lungs. Choffey reported one case of uterine tuberculosis in a 4-year-old girl who died of general tuberculosis; Silcock in a 5-year-old girl, both in 1885, Dr Cheatle at an autopsy of a 21-month-old girl, found pyosalpinx communicating with a purulent pelvic cavity, where there was pus near the drachm.

Failure of sperm transport in relation to ewe infertility following prolonged grazing on oestrogenic pastures

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lightfoot ◽  
KP Croker ◽  
HG Neil
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Cervix Uterus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Sperm Transport ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
To Receive

Sixteen ewes were drawn from each of two ewe flocks, one of which had grazed on oestrogenic pastures for annual periods over the previous 5 years ("clover" treatment) while the other grazed on green oats ("oats" treatment). Fertility of ewes on the clover treatment had decreased progressively, whereas in those on the oats treatment it had remained high. Oestrous ewes were allocated alternately to receive either two or eight services then killed 24 hr post coitus and the numbers of sperm in the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes determined. There was no difference in ovarian activity between the two groups; however, highly significant differences were found in the numbers of sperm recovered from the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Average sperm numbers per fallopian tube were 17,160 and 350 for ewes on the oats and clover treatments respectively. In addition to the reduction in sperm numbers, both the percentage of motile sperm flushed from the cervix and the proportion of recovered ova with sperm attached to the zona pellucida were lower in ewes on the clover treatment. The results suggest that primary failure of sperm transport in ewes on the clover treatment occurred when sperm did not enter the cervix in adequate numbers following service. The significance of these observations in relation to possible causal mechanisms is discussed.

scholarly journals IV. An account of two cases, in which ovules, or their remains, were discovered in the fallopian tubes of unimpregnated women who had died during the period of menstruation

1852 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Researches

The observations that have been made at various times, during the last thirty years, by Messrs. Power, Lee, Barry, Wharton Jones, Girdwood, and others in this country, together with the experimental researches of MM. Valentin, Gendrin, Wagner, Bischoff, Pouchet and Raciborski on the Continent, have, I think, clearly proved that the phenomena manifested during the period of the catamenia in women, are closely connected with those observed during the time of heat or rut in quadrupeds; and that both of these phenomena are dependent on one cause, namely, the maturation of ovules. But while this hypothesis has been very generally admitted, there is, I believe, a tendency in the minds of many physiologists of the present day, to doubt whether the ovules so matured are ever extruded from the ovary and carried into the Fallopian tubes, without the stimulus of impregnation, or, at any rate, without the congress of the male. In support of this view, or rather of these doubts, an appeal is often made to the fact, that an ovule has never yet been detected in either of the Fallopian tubes of a virgin, who has died during the period of the catamenia, notwithstanding that many subjects have been examined, that most careful search has been instituted, and that appearances have frequently been noticed indicating the recent rupture of a Graafian follicle. In point of fact, it is imagined by those who entertain such doubts, that the fecundation of the germ takes place while it is within the Graafian follicle, and consequently, that if the ovule fails to be the subject of impregnation it never quits the ovary, but perishes within its formative vesicle. On the other hand, the researches of Bischoff have led him to enunciate a law, the purport of which is the very reverse of the preceding; for he says, that “the ovules formed in the ovaries of females of the human species and of mammiferous animals, undergo a periodical maturation, quite independently of the male seminal fluid. At these periods, known as those of heat or the rut in animals, and menstruation in the human female, the ovules which have become mature, disengage themselves from the ovary and are extruded. If the union of the sexes takes place, the ovule is fecundated by the direct action of the semen upon it. If no union of the sexes occurs, the ovule is nevertheless extruded from the ovary, and enters the Fallopian tube, but there perishes.” The law, as thus expressed, is in conformity with the opinions entertained by Drs. Robert Lee, Paterson, Girdwood, Gendrin, Pouchet, Raciborski, Mr. Wharton Jones, and many other authorities of the present time. It is also in accordance with the more ancient doctrines of Malpighi, Sir Everard Home, and Dr. Power. Nevertheless, as the truth of this law, in its application to the human female, appears to be still open to the evidence of positive proof, I have thought it desirable to publish a report of the two following cases.

scholarly journals The Fallopian Tube of the Sheep Iv. The Metabolism of Ram Spermatozoa in the Presence of Fluid from the Fallopian Tube

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Restall ◽  
RG Wales
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Factorial Combination ◽  
Other Hand

Using isotopically labelled substrates, the metabolism of ram spermatozoa was examined in the presence of fluid from the fallopian tubes of normal ewes and spayed ewes receiving oestrogen and progesterone in factorial combination. The oxygen uptake of spermatozoa in tubal fluid was variable but was generally less than that of spermatozoa incubated in a saline diluent containing glucose (control). Due to the presence of lactate in the tubal fluids, the oxidation of added glucose by spermatozoa was consistently depressed when compared with the saline controls. On the other hand glucose utilization and lactate accumulation by spermatozoa were stimulated in the presence of tubal fluids in all experiments, the response being generally twice that of the controls. In addition, similar effects were found in fluids collected during two consecutive oestrous cycles.

scholarly journals Proportional vascularization along the fallopian tubes and ovarian fimbria: assessment by confocal microtomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Pedro Teixeira Castro ◽  
Osvaldo Luiz Aranda ◽  
Edson Marchiori ◽  
Luiz Felipe Bittencourt de Araújo ◽  
Haimon Diniz Lopes Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Iodine Staining ◽  
Important Relationship

Abstract Objective: To evaluate and reconstruct three-dimensional images of vascularization along the fallopian tube (FT), as well as to determine its relationship with the ovary and ovarian fimbria, and to quantify the blood vessels along the FT according to its anatomical segments, using confocal microtomography (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: Nine specimens (six FTs and three FTs with ovaries) were fixed in a solution of 10% formalin for > 24 h at room temperature. Iodine staining was performed by soaking the specimens in 10% Lugol’s solution for 24 h. All specimens were evaluated using micro-CT. A morphometric analysis was performed on the reconstructed images to quantify the vascular distribution along the FT. Results: In the FTs evaluated, the density of blood vessels was significantly greater in the fimbrial segments than in the isthmic segments (p < 0.05). The ovarian fimbria was clearly identified, demonstrating the important relationship between these vessels and the FT fimbriae. Conclusion: We believe that the vascularization in the fimbriae is greater than and disproportional that in the other segments of FT, and that the ovarian fimbria plays an important role in the development of that difference.

scholarly journals The Fallopian Tube of the Sheep. V. Secretion From the Ampullla and Isthmus

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Restall ◽  
RG Wales
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fallopian Tubes

The fallopian tubes of four ewes were cannulated so that secretions collected from the isthmus and ampulla of one side could be compared with the secretion from the other entire fallopian tube. Maximum fluid output from all sites occurred at oestrus and was least during the luteal phase of the cycle. Secretion from the ampulla was generally twice that from the isthmus.

MICROCHEMICAL ASSAYS OF GLUCOSE AND GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE IN MAMMALIAN PANCREATIC β-CELLS

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Ake Idahl ◽  
Bo Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Concentration Range ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Enzymatic Cycling ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The combination of enzymatic cycling and fluorometry was used for measuring glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in pancreatic β-cells from obese-hyperglycaemic mice. The glucose level of the β-cells corresponded to that of serum over a wide concentration range. In the exocrine pancreas, on the other hand, a significant barrier to glucose diffusion across the cell membranes was demonstrated. During 5 min of ischaemia, the glucose level remained practically unchanged in the β-cells while it increased in the liver and decreased in the brain. The observation that the pancreatic β-cells are characterized by a relatively low ratio of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose may be attributed to the presence of a specific glucose-6-phosphatase.

The Dioptrique

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Ott
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brain Image ◽  
Brain Motion ◽  
Natural Geometry ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

Descartes’s treatment of perception in the Optics, though published before the Meditations, contains a distinct account of sensory experience. The end of the chapter suggests some reasons for this oddity, but that the two accounts are distinct is difficult to deny. Descartes in the present work topples the brain image from its throne. In its place, we have two mechanisms, one purely causal, the other inferential. Where the proper sensibles are concerned, the ordination of nature suffices to explain why a given sensation is triggered on the occasion of a given brain motion. The same is true with regard to the common sensibles. But on top of this purely causal story, Descartes re-introduces his doctrine of natural geometry.

Relief of facial pain after combined removal of precentral and postcentral cortex

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Lende ◽  
Wolff M. Kirsch ◽  
Ralph Druckman
Keyword(s):  
Facial Pain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Burning Pain ◽  
Cortical Localization ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Frontal Lobotomy

✓ Cortical removals which included precentral and postcentral facial representations resulted in relief of facial pain in two patients. Because of known failures following only postcentral (SmI) ablations, these operations were designed to eliminate also the cutaneous afferent projection to the precentral gyrus (MsI) and the second somatic sensory area (SmII). In one case burning pain developed after a stroke involving the brain stem and was not improved by total fifth nerve section; prompt relief followed corticectomy and lasted until death from heart disease 20 months later. In the other case persistent steady pain that developed after fifth rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia proved refractory to frontal lobotomy; relief after corticectomy was immediate and has lasted 14 months. Cortical localization was established by stimulation under local anesthesia. Each removal extended up to the border of the arm representation and down to the upper border of the insula. Such a resection necessarily included SmII, and in one case responses presumably from SmII were obtained before removal. The suggestions of Biemond (1956) and Poggio and Mountcastle (1960) that SmII might be concerned with pain sensibility may be pertinent in these cases.

Detection of Intracranial Signatures of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges from Concurrent Scalp EEG

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loukianos Spyrou ◽  
David Martín-Lopez ◽  
Antonio Valentín ◽  
Gonzalo Alarcón ◽  
Saeid Sanei
Keyword(s):  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intracranial Eeg ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Interictal Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Scalp Electroencephalogram ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Electrical Activities ◽  
The Brain

Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are transient neural electrical activities that occur in the brain of patients with epilepsy. A problem with the inspection of IEDs from the scalp electroencephalogram (sEEG) is that for a subset of epileptic patients, there are no visually discernible IEDs on the scalp, rendering the above procedures ineffective, both for detection purposes and algorithm evaluation. On the other hand, intracranially placed electrodes yield a much higher incidence of visible IEDs as compared to concurrent scalp electrodes. In this work, we utilize concurrent scalp and intracranial EEG (iEEG) from a group of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with low number of scalp-visible IEDs. The aim is to determine whether by considering the timing information of the IEDs from iEEG, the resulting concurrent sEEG contains enough information for the IEDs to be reliably distinguished from non-IED segments. We develop an automatic detection algorithm which is tested in a leave-subject-out fashion, where each test subject’s detection algorithm is based on the other patients’ data. The algorithm obtained a [Formula: see text] accuracy in recognizing scalp IED from non-IED segments with [Formula: see text] accuracy when trained and tested on the same subject. Also, it was able to identify nonscalp-visible IED events for most patients with a low number of false positive detections. Our results represent a proof of concept that IED information for TLE patients is contained in scalp EEG even if they are not visually identifiable and also that between subject differences in the IED topology and shape are small enough such that a generic algorithm can be used.

scholarly journals THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF STREPTOCOCCI FROM CASES OF POLIOMYELITIS AND OTHER SOURCES

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll G. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Streptococci cultivated from the tonsils of thirty-two cases of poliomyelitis were used to inoculate various laboratory animals. In no case was a condition induced resembling poliomyelitis clinically or pathologically in guinea pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, or monkeys. On the other hand, a considerable percentage of the rabbits and a smaller percentage of some of the other animals developed lesions due to streptococci. These lesions consisted of meningitis, meningo-encephalitis, abscess of the brain, arthritis, tenosynovitis, myositis, abscess of the kidney, endocarditis, pericarditis, and neuritis. No distinction in the character or frequency of the lesions could be determined between the streptococci derived from poliomyelitic patients and from other sources. Streptococci isolated from the poliomyelitic brain and spinal cord of monkeys which succumbed to inoculation with the filtered virus failed to induce in monkeys any paralysis or the characteristic histological changes of poliomyelitis. These streptococci are regarded as secondary bacterial invaders of the nervous organs. Monkeys which have recovered from infection with streptococci derived from cases of poliomyelitis are not protected from infection with the filtered virus, and their blood does not neutralize the filtered virus in vitro. We have failed to detect any etiologic or pathologic relationship between streptococci and epidemic poliomyelitis in man or true experimental poliomyelitis in the monkey.

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