scholarly journals Role of natural killer cells in reproductive failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Alana O. Agnaeva ◽  
Olesya N. Bespalova ◽  
Dmitriy I. Sokolov ◽  
Sergey A. Selkov ◽  
Igor Yu. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Reproductive Losses ◽  
Immunological Factors

Reproductive losses are quite frequent in the modern world. They include: infertility, infertility of unknown etiology, multiple losses when IVF, recurrent implantation failure, miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage, both in the natural cycle and after ART management. It is important to note that the classification of some of these categories are not established yet. The etiology of reproductive losses is extremely diverse. Successful development of pregnancy at early terms is determined by genetic and immunological factors. Among the reproductive failures of unclear etiology, immunological causes are 50-80%. Over the past 20 years there are already known many different immunological factors that play role in the processes of fertilization. In this case, the evidence base on the role of each of them in the pathogenesis of reproductive failures is only being formed. Currently, the immunological relationship between mother and fetus is considered as a two-way communication process: the presentation of fetal antigens on the one hand, and on the other – the recognition and response to these antigens of the maternal immune system. Implantation of the embryo is accompanied by an increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines followed by a sharp change in the cellular composition in the decidualizing endometrium, and the main population is NK cells. That is why this type of cells have a significant role in the normal development of pregnancy. The properties of NK cells in the uterus and peripheral blood are significantly different. To predict the onset and prolongation of pregnancy, peripheral blood NK (activity and quantity) is used. Evaluation of endometrial NK is often performed for the diagnosis of chronic endometritis. Currently, the definition of NK cells in peripheral blood in many clinics is proposed as a useful diagnostic test to address the issue of further appointment of immunoglobulins and evaluating the effectiveness of this therapy in patients with reproductive losses.

scholarly journals The International Tourism Development as a Way to Formation of Cross-Cultural Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (516) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Z. A. Atamanchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Intercultural Communications ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Individual

The scientific publication is aimed at exploring the communicative aspects of tourism, its value impact on humans, substantiating the peculiarities of the development of international tourism as a way to formation of cross-cultural tolerance. The article accentuates on the cultural values and value characterizations of international tourism, the role of the communicative culture of the individual as the main link in the concept of the theoretical model of universal human values, the importance of adherence to the principles of tolerance, which are becoming increasingly important in the modern world in the context of globalization of the economy, development of communications, growth of mobility, integration, interdependence and transformation of social cultures. The approaches to analyzing tourism as a social and cultural phenomenon are systematized, the stages of the communication process are distinguished. The author analyzes the content of the most significant documents in the sphere of international tourism adopted with the participation of the World Tourist Organization, which emphasizes the need to adhere to tolerant forms of communication. The focus is placed on the role of international organizations in strengthening cultural ties between peoples, mutual enrichment of cultures as a result of tourist exchange, observance of the principles of tolerance. On the way to the application in practice of establishing intercultural communications in international tourism, the article substantiates effectiveness of such methods as: introduction of an adequate system of acculturation, which involves such types of communication ties as integration, assimilation, division, marginalization at the levels of emotions, actions and cognition; creation of such conditions by the host party, which would contribute to increasing the level of satisfaction of tourists by establishing a constant exchange of information, maintaining feedback, disseminating content among visitors regarding the prospects for the development of tourist infrastructure of the host country.

Role of NKp46 Expression in Cytokine Production by CD56-Positive NK Cells in the Peripheral Blood and the Uterine Endometrium

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Yokota ◽  
Atushi Fukui ◽  
Ayano Funamizu ◽  
Rika Nakamura ◽  
Mai Kamoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Uterine Endometrium

scholarly journals Alterations in CD8+ Tregs, CD56+ Natural Killer Cells and IL-10 Are Associated With Invasiveness of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas (NFPAs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinmei Huang ◽  
Jiong Xu ◽  
Yueyue Wu ◽  
Li Sheng ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Tumor Tissues

Invasive nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) grow rapidly and the mechanisms are unclear. Among many complex mechanisms, the role of immunity in the development of NFPAs has not been fully explored. Here, we analyzed the clinical features 146 NFPA patients who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery or craniotomy and examined the effects of immune tolerance in invasiveness of NFPA patients using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunohistochemical methods. We found patients with invasive NFPAs had more visual deficits and defective fields, higher tumor size, and lower white blood cell count compared with patients with noninvasive NFPAs. Additionally, compared with patients with noninvasive NFPAs, patients with invasive NFPAs had conspicuously lower CD3−CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells and significantly higher levels of CD3+CD8+CD28-T cells (CD8+ Tregs) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in peripheral blood. Moreover, patients with invasive NFPAs had lower infiltrated CD56+ cells, less infiltrated CD28+ cells, and significantly greater IL-10 expression. These results demonstrated that low CD56+ cells infiltration and CD28+ cells infiltration, as well as high IL-10 expression in pituitary tumor tissues, were related with increased invasiveness of NFPAs. Levels of CD3−CD56+ NK cells, CD8+ Tregs and IL-10 in the peripheral blood could be feasible diagnostic markers for invasive NFPAs.

scholarly journals Allocation features and frequency of KIR-genes in women with regular early reproductive losses

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
O. I. Terpyliak ◽  
D. V. Zastavna ◽  
N. V. Helner ◽  
S. V. Osidach
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Kir Genes ◽  
Reproductive Losses ◽  
Genetically Determined

Aim. KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) are the transmembranous glycoprotein receptors, role of which is to activate or inhibit the functional activity of cells, the surfaces of which they are located on. Genetically determined balance between KIR-activating and KIR-inhibiting receptors can contribute to some diseases predisposition. In this work we have studied the spectrum and frequency of KIR-genes among women with regular early idiopathic reproductive failures. Methods. Gene typing was conducted by PCR-SSP method. Results. Typing of KIR-genes was conducted in 31 DNA samples, extracted from peripheral blood cells from women without reproductive losses and in 38 DNA samples, extracted from peripheral blood cells from women with early reproductive losses of idiopathic nature. We found, that in women with reproductive failures genotypes of KIR-genes were characterized by decreased amount of activating genes. The presence of 2DL3 and 2DL5 genes increases the risk of early reproductive failures in 2 and 3 times, respectively. Conclusions. The shift of repertoire of KIR-genes into the domination of inhibitory genes and the spectrum features of KIR-genes can increase the risk of early reproductive failures. Keywords: KIR-genes, recurrent pregnancy loss, PCR-SSP.

scholarly journals Tetrameric Complexes of Human Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G Bind to Peripheral Blood Myelomonocytic Cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 189 (7) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S.J. Allan ◽  
Marco Colonna ◽  
Lewis L. Lanier ◽  
Tatyana D. Churakova ◽  
John S. Abrams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Mhc Class I Molecule ◽  
Myelomonocytic Cells ◽  
In Pregnancy

The nonclassical MHC class I molecule human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is selectively expressed on fetal trophoblast tissue at the maternal–fetal interface in pregnancy. It has long been suggested that HLA-G may inhibit maternal natural killer (NK) cells through interaction with particular NK cell receptors (KIRs). To investigate interactions of HLA-G, we constructed phycoerythrin-labeled tetrameric complexes of HLA-G refolded with a self-peptide. These HLA-G tetramers failed to bind to NK cells and cells transfected with CD94/NKG2 and killer immunoglobulin-like NK receptors. In contrast, HLA-G tetramers did bind to peripheral blood monocytes, staining a CD16+CD14mid subset with greater intensity. On transfectants, HLA-G tetramers bound to inhibitory immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT4 receptors. However, staining in the presence of antibodies reactive with ILT receptors revealed that the interaction of HLA-G tetramers with blood monocytes was largely due to binding to ILT4. These results suggest that the primary role of HLA-G may be the modulation of myelomonocytic cell behavior in pregnancy.

scholarly journals IMMUNE MECHANISM OF PREECLAMPSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. E. Wantania
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Immune Mechanism ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Immunological Factors ◽  
Maternal Immune Response

Abstrak: Sampai saat ini etiologi preeklamsi masih belum jelas. Faktor-faktor imun diduga terlibat dalam mekanisme terjadinya preeklamsi. Faktor-faktor tersebut berperan penting dalam terjadinya preeklamsi tidak sebagai penyebab tunggal tetapi sebagai bagian dalam jalur yang sangat rumit. Peran faktor imun paternal, respons imun dini maternal (terutama yang berhubungan dengan sel NK), korelasi antara faktor imun dan angiogenik terhadap peran autoantibodi (AT-1) merupakan hal-hal penting untuk ditelusuri lanjut. Pemahaman yang detil terhadap patomekanisme sangat bermanfaat dalam penatalaksanaan preeklamsi.Kata kunci: preeklamsi, faktor imun, mekanismeAbstract: The etiology of preeclampsia remains unclear so far. It seems immunological factors are involved in preeclampsia mechanism. These factors play some important roles in the mechanism, not as a single factor but as a part in a complex pathway. The role of paternal immunological factors, early maternal immune response (especially related to NK cells), the correlation between immunological and angiogenic factors to the role of autoantibodies (AT-1) are the important points that are needed to be explored further. Thorough understanding about the patho-mechanism would be very useful in the management of preeclampsia itself.Keywords: preeclampsia , immunological factors, mechanism

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