scholarly journals The Role of the Brain in the Pathogenesis and Physiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coutinho ◽  
Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Gnrh Neurons ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder, affecting at least 10% of women of reproductive age. PCOS is typically characterized by the presence of at least two of the three cardinal features of hyperandrogenemia (high circulating androgen levels), oligo- or anovulation, and cystic ovaries. Hyperandrogenemia increases the severity of the condition and is driven by increased luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse secretion from the pituitary. Indeed, PCOS women display both elevated mean LH levels, as well as an elevated frequency of LH pulsatile secretion. The abnormally high LH pulse frequency, reflective of a hyperactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neural circuit, suggests a neuroendocrine basis to either the etiology or phenotype of PCOS. Several studies in preclinical animal models of PCOS have demonstrated alterations in GnRH neurons and their upstream afferent neuronal circuits. Some rodent PCOS models have demonstrated an increase in GnRH neuron activity that correlates with an increase in stimulatory GABAergic innervation and postsynaptic currents onto GnRH neurons. Additional studies have identified robust increases in hypothalamic levels of kisspeptin, another potent stimulator of GnRH neurons. This review outlines the different brain and neuroendocrine changes in the reproductive axis observed in PCOS animal models, discusses how they might contribute to either the etiology or adult phenotype of PCOS, and considers parallel findings in PCOS women.

scholarly journals Effect of Acupuncture on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Animal Models: Study Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Gao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Therapy

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. As a widely used complementary and alternative therapy, acupuncture is increasingly used to treat PCOS. However, the effect of acupuncture in treating PCOS is uncertain and the mechanisms are unclear. This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy of acupuncture on PCOS in animal preclinical models.Methods: We will search the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database. We will only include animal experiments of acupuncture in treating PCOS. The primary outcome will be homeostatic model assessment- insulin resistance. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. Confidence in the cumulative evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. All meta-analyses will be conducted using Review Manager 5.4. Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, the use of acupuncture in treating PCOS has not yet been systematically reviewed in animal models. The evidence generated from this systematic review and meta-analysis could benefit future researches. Systematic review registration: OSF (Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/FNM37)

Options for generating polycystic ovary syndrome based on experimental findings in animal models

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Elena I. Abashova ◽  
Olga L. Bulgakova
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Genetic Interventions ◽  
Experimental Findings

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine pathology that affects 814% of women of reproductive age. The leading signs of the disease are hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Over the past decades, a variety of animal models have been developed to study the etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS, including chemical, hormonal, and genetic interventions. However, a large number of experimental techniques differ even in the framework of a single model. In this review article, we summarized PCOS animal models using both direct hormonal effects and indirect methods.

scholarly journals Brown Adipose Transplantation Improves Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Involved Metabolome Remodeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Yao ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Runjie Zhang ◽  
Xingyun Wang ◽  
Yiwen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Technique ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine ◽  
Spectrometry Technique

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic disorder in reproductive-age women. In order to explore the active metabolites of brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation in improving the reproductive and metabolic phenotypes in a PCOS rat model, the metabolites in the recipient’s BAT were explored using the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique. In total, 9 upregulated and 13 downregulated metabolites were identified. They were roughly categorized into 12 distinct classes, mainly including glycerophosphoinositols, glycerophosphocholines, and sphingolipids. Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted that these differentially metabolites mainly target the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways, which are closely associated with PCOS. Furthermore, one of these differential metabolites, sphingosine belonging to sphingolipids, was randomly selected for further experiments on a human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN). It significantly accelerated the apoptosis of KGN cells induced by dihydrotestosterone. Based on these findings, we speculated that metabolome changes are an important process for BAT transplantation in improving PCOS. It might be a novel therapeutic target for PCOS treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Acupuncture on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Animal Models: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Lijia Zhang ◽  
Jinjin Gao ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Therapy

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. As a widely used complementary and alternative therapy, acupuncture is increasingly used to treat PCOS. However, the effect of acupuncture in treating PCOS is uncertain, and the mechanisms are unclear. This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy of acupuncture on PCOS in animal preclinical models. Methods. Experimental animal studies of acupuncture in PCOS animal models were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database from inception to December 2020. The risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. Results. A total of 358 studies were screened based on the title and abstract, and 31 studies were included. A total of 722 animals were involved, and all studies used either Wistar rats or SD rats. Twenty-six studies used electroacupuncture, 9 studies used manual acupuncture, and 5 of them employed both electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture. A total of 22 acupoints were involved; 7 studies followed the modern acupuncture pattern, and the rest followed classic acupuncture theory. Conclusions. The present review summarizes the current evidence of the effects of acupuncture on PCOS in animal models. Unfortunately, we could not draw a definite conclusion due to the methodological weakness of the included studies and the high heterogeneity. Well-designed studies are needed in the future to fill this gap.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and probiotics: a natural approach to an inflammatory disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Schiattarella ◽  
Gaetano Riemma ◽  
Marco La Verde ◽  
Gianluigi Franci ◽  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
New Evidence

: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects about 15% of women of reproductive age and is correlated with infertility, insulin resistance, and obesity. The etiology of PCOS is multifactorial and genetic, endocrine, and metabolic causes were involved. New evidence suggests a link between microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and the development of PCOS. Moreover, an imbalance in the gut microbial community could be a possible factor for the onset of insulin resistance and obesity. Hyperandrogenism, a key feature of PCOS, could also play a critical role in shaping the microbiome community. Probiotics could modify the gut microbiota and serve as a potential treatment for PCOS. Here we disclose the association between PCOS and intestinal microbiota and the possible role of probiotics as a new treatment approach.

scholarly journals Impact of rs2414096 polymorphism of CYP19 gene on susceptibility of polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenism in Kashmiri women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sairish Ashraf ◽  
Shayaq Ul Abeer Rasool ◽  
Mudasar Nabi ◽  
Mohd Ashraf Ganie ◽  
Shariq R. Masoodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Genotypic Frequency ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cyp19 Gene ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder in pre-menopausal women having complex pathophysiology. Several candidate genes have been shown to have association with PCOS. CYP19 gene encodes a key steroidogenic enzyme involved in conversion of androgens into estrogens. Previous studies have reported contradictory results with regard to association of SNP rs2414096 in CYP19 gene with PCOS and hyperandrogenism in different ethnic populations. Present study was aimed to investigate the impact of SNP rs2414096 polymorphism of CYP19 gene on susceptibility of PCOS and hyperandrogenism in Kashmiri women. Further we also studied the genotypic-phenotypic association for various clinical and biochemical parameters of this polymorphism. Case control study. 394 PCOS cases diagnosed on the basis of Rotterdam criteria and age matched 306 healthy women. We found a significant differences in genotypic frequency (χ2 = 18.91, p < 0.05) as well as allele frequency (OR 0.63, CI 0.51–0.78, χ2 = 17.66, p < 0.05) between PCOS women and controls. The genotype–phenotype correlation analysis showed a significant difference in FG score (p = 0.047) and alopecia (p = 0.045) between the three genotypes. Also, the androgen excess markers like DHEAS (p < 0.001), Androstenedione (p < 0.001), Testosterone (p < 0.001) and FAI (p = 0.005) were significantly elevated in GG genotype and showed a significant difference in additive model in PCOS women. rs2414096 polymorphism of CYP19 gene is associated with the risk of PCOS as well as with clinical and biochemical markers of hyperandrogenism, hence suggesting its role in clinical manifestations of PCOS in Kashmiri women.

Health Care-Related Economic Burden of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the United States: Pregnancy-Related and Long-Term Health Consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Riestenberg ◽  
Anika Jagasia ◽  
Daniela Markovic ◽  
Richard P Buyalos ◽  
Ricardo Azziz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-aged women, affecting approximately 5-20% of women of reproductive age. A previous estimate noted that the economic burden of PCOS approximates $3.7 billion annually in 2020 USD when considering only the costs of the initial diagnosis and of reproductive endocrine morbidities, not considering the costs of pregnancy-related and long-term morbidities. Objective To estimate the excess prevalence and economic burden of pregnancy-related and long-term health morbidities attributable to PCOS. Data Sources PubMed, EmBase and Cochrane Library. Study Selection Studies in which the diagnosis of PCOS was consistent with the Rotterdam, National Institutes of Health (NIH), or Androgen Excess & PCOS (AE-PCOS) Society criteria, or that used electronic medical record diagnosis codes, or diagnosis based on histopathologic sampling were eligible for inclusion. Studies that included an outcome of interest and a control group of non-PCOS patients who were matched or controlled for body mass index (BMI) were included. Data Extraction Two investigators working independently extracted data on study characteristics and outcomes. Data Synthesis Data was pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The I 2statistic was used to assess inter-study heterogeneity. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results The additional total healthcare-related economic burden due to pregnancy-related and long-term morbidities associated with PCOS in the United States is estimated to be $4.3 billion annually in 2020 USD. Conclusions Together with our prior analysis, the economic burden of PCOS is estimated at $8 billion annually in 2020 USD.

Disorders of steroid metabolism in women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Glavnova ◽  
Ludmila Velikanova ◽  
Natalia Vorokhobina ◽  
raviliy Galakhova ◽  
Ekaterina Malevanania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome
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