Radiotherapy for gastric ulcers in the light of radiobiology and clinical data

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-316
Author(s):  
R. Ya. Gasul
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
X Rays

In spite of the fact that already in 1913 the first quite successful attempts were made to treat gastric ulcers with X-rays (Kodo) and to influence the secretion and acidity of gastric juice with the help of illumination (Brgel, 1916), the clinic has not yet shown sufficient interest in the use of X-rays in the treatment of ulcers and their complications. Some clinicians still believe that only malignant neoplasms are treated with X-rays, and only those that are rejected by surgeons.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potency of Gallium verum Extract on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6010-6020
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Histological Lesion ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Ulcer Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Promising Treatment

Gallium verum, lady's bedstraw is an herbaceous annual plant belonging to the genus Rubiaceae; it possessed antioxidant, cytotoxic for cancer cells, antimicrobial, protective and endocrine effects. This work aimed to investigate the curative effects of G. verum extract on gastric ulcers following absolute ethanol administration in the healthy rat. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three main groups; rats were fastened for 24 hours before ethanol administration. All groups except control administered ethanol (5 ml/kg body weight; orally). The rats were administrated distilled water (Ulcer group) or G. verum extract (100mg/kg) one hour later. G. verum extract caused a significant decrease in ulcer index, gastric juice volume, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide, while gastric juice pH, glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase increased significantly. The histological lesion score showed a significant enhancement in group G. verum compared to the ulcer group that scored the highest pathological destruction score. Immunohistochemical markers of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α showed a significant decrease in G. verum group. G. verum extract is a promising treatment modality against gastric injury through its powerful antioxidant, acid neutralizing, healing promotion, and ant-inflammation effects.

Necessity of Clinical Information in Surgical Pathology

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouf E. Nakhleh ◽  
Gordon Gephardt ◽  
Richard J. Zarbo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Inadequate Information

Abstract Objectives.—To examine the frequency and nature of problems caused by inadequate clinical data provided on surgical pathology requisition forms. Design.—Participants in the 1996 Q-Probes voluntary quality improvement program of the College of American Pathologists were asked to document prospectively all surgical pathology cases with inadequate information. Inadequate clinical information was defined as the pathologist's need for additional clinical information before a diagnosis could be rendered, regardless of the amount of information already present on the requisition slip. Cases that had no clinical information on a requisition slip were not counted if the lack of history did not hinder diagnosis. The study concluded when 3 months had elapsed or 40 surgical pathology cases were documented. The following data were recorded for each case: anatomic site, type of procedure, nature of disease, method of obtaining additional information, importance of obtained information, and the length of delay in the final diagnosis. Participants.—Three hundred forty-one laboratories, 322 of which were from the United States. Results.—A total of 5594 cases (0.73%) required additional clinical information for diagnosis (10th through 90th percentile range, 3.01% to 0.08%). Institutions with greater average occupied bedsize, a greater number of cases accessioned per year, and a greater number of pathologists had a lower percentage of cases with inadequate clinical data (P < .05). Sixty-eight percent of these cases had no delay in completion of a case, 16.2% had a delay of 1 day or less, and 15.1% of cases were delayed more than 1 day. In 59.4% of cases, the additional clinical information obtained confirmed the initial diagnostic impression. In 25.1%, the information was not relevant to the pathologic diagnosis. In 6.1% there was a substantial change in the diagnosis or a revised report was issued, and in 2.2% no additional information could be obtained. Specific anatomic sites that correlated with a higher rate of changed diagnoses or revised reports in cases with inadequate information included the small bowel, the bronchus/lung, and the ovary. Resection specimens were also significantly associated with a higher rate of changed diagnoses or revised reports when additional information was obtained, as were malignant neoplasms and therapy-induced changes. Conclusions.—This study establishes an aggregate rate of cases with inadequate clinical information for diagnosis (0.73%) and documents the extent of problems caused by inadequate clinical information. The criticality of appropriate clinical information provided to the pathologist is identified for specific anatomic sites and disease processes and is reflected in changed diagnoses or revised reports.

Enhanced somatostatin secretion into the gastric juice with recovery of basal acid output afterHelicobacter pylorieradication in gastric ulcers

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOSHIHIKO HAYAKAWA ◽  
HIROSHI KANEKO ◽  
TOSHIHIRO KONAGAYA ◽  
KAORI SHINOZAKI ◽  
AKIHITO KASAHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Basal Acid Output ◽  
Somatostatin Secretion ◽  
Basal Acid

scholarly journals Gastroprotective Effect of Sinapic Acid on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling and Antiapoptotic Role

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Raish ◽  
Mudassar Shahid ◽  
Yousef A. Bin Jardan ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari ◽  
Khalid M. Alkharfy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Free Acidity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gastric Juice Volume

Background: In the current study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of sinapic acid (SA) in terms of the mechanism underlying its gastroprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats.Methods: These effects were examined through gross macroscopic evaluation of the stomach cavity [gastric ulcer index (GUI)], alteration in pH, gastric juice volume, free acidity, total acidity, total gastric wall mucus, and changes in PGE2. In addition, we evaluated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antioxidant systems (catalase and glutathione), inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)], apoptotic markers (caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2), nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB (p65)], NO levels, and histopathological staining (H and E and PAS).Results: In rats with ethanol-induced ulcers, pre-treatment with SA (40 mg/kg p. o.) decreased the sternness of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries by decreasing the GUI, gastric juice volume, free acidity, and total acidity. In addition, the pH and total gastric mucosa were increased, together with histopathological alteration, neutrophil incursion, and increases in PGE2 and NO2. These effects were similar to those observed for omeprazole, a standard anti-ulcer drug. SA was shown to suppress gastric inflammation through decreasing TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO, as well as curbing gastric oxidative stress through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and restoration of depleted glutathione and catalase activity. SA inhibited Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and caspase-3 activity, and restored the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2; these findings indicate the antiapoptotic potential of SA, leading to enhanced cell survival. SA also repressed NF-κB signaling and increased IκBα. Moreover, SA upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thereby restoring depleted antioxidant defense enzymes and implicating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathways.Conclusion: These results suggest that the prophylactic administration of SA (40 mg/kg) can ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats primarily via the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling and subsequent enhancement of cell viability.

scholarly journals An overview of the National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database: data quality and cohort analysis

GigaScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Cushnan ◽  
Oscar Bennett ◽  
Rosalind Berka ◽  
Ottavia Bertolli ◽  
Ashwin Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chest Imaging ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Historical Images

Abstract Background The National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database (NCCID) is a centralized database containing mainly chest X-rays and computed tomography scans from patients across the UK. The objective of the initiative is to support a better understanding of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) and the development of machine learning technologies that will improve care for patients hospitalized with a severe COVID-19 infection. This article introduces the training dataset, including a snapshot analysis covering the completeness of clinical data, and availability of image data for the various use-cases (diagnosis, prognosis, longitudinal risk). An additional cohort analysis measures how well the NCCID represents the wider COVID-19–affected UK population in terms of geographic, demographic, and temporal coverage. Findings The NCCID offers high-quality DICOM images acquired across a variety of imaging machinery; multiple time points including historical images are available for a subset of patients. This volume and variety make the database well suited to development of diagnostic/prognostic models for COVID-associated respiratory conditions. Historical images and clinical data may aid long-term risk stratification, particularly as availability of comorbidity data increases through linkage to other resources. The cohort analysis revealed good alignment to general UK COVID-19 statistics for some categories, e.g., sex, whilst identifying areas for improvements to data collection methods, particularly geographic coverage. Conclusion The NCCID is a growing resource that provides researchers with a large, high-quality database that can be leveraged both to support the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and as a test bed for building clinically viable medical imaging models.

Pardo-Castello V. (Cuba). Allergic skin rash after x-ray treatment. (Arch. Of Derm. A. Syph. No. 5, 1936)

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-247
Keyword(s):  
Skin Rash ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Allergic Skin

Four patients with malignant neoplasms were treated with X-rays.

On the dietetic treatment of gastric ulcers and hyperacidic catarrhs

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1003-1009
Author(s):  
N. E. Kavetsky ◽  
K. S. Promakhin
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Complete Cure ◽  
Dietetic Treatment

Dietary treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers is currently given great importance, and quite a number of methods have been proposed for this purpose (Lehnboe, Lenhartz, Senator, Rosenfeld, Petren, Riegel, Steesma, Vasiliev, Schnabel, Zweig, Boas, Yarotsky, Sippy and others). Having no possibility to stop here on all these ways, we will touch only the diet proposed by Prof. A. I. Yarotsky. This diet, based on works of I.P. Pavlov school, is directed to change the very character of gastric secretion. Its task is not only to eliminate subjective sufferings of the patient, but also to lead him to complete cure and decrease of acidity of gastric juice (prof. Yarotsky attaches particular importance to the latter).

Enhanced basal and gastrin-stimulated somatosatin secretion into the gastric juice with recovery of basal acid output after H. pylori eradication in gastric ulcers

2000 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Hayakawa ◽  
Toshihiko Hayakawa ◽  
Hiroshi Kaneko ◽  
Kaori Shinozaki ◽  
Akihito Kasahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Basal Acid Output ◽  
Basal Acid ◽  
H Pylori

Gastroprotective Effect of Thymoquinone on Water Immersion Restraint Stress Induced Ulceration in Rats

Drug Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (06) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ahmad ◽  
Abul Najmi ◽  
Madhu Kaundal ◽  
Mohd Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ulcer Index

Abstract To evaluated the role of thymoquinone (TQ) on stress induced ulceration progress in rats subjected to water immersion restraint as a stress (WRS) condition model. Wistar albino rats were divided into different groups; the animals were subjected to WRS. TQ (10 mg/kg) alone and TQ with ranitidine (20 mg/kg) were administered per orally as pre treatment for 7 days. On 8th day the animals were sacrificed, gastric juice, pH, acid secretion, acid output, ulcer index and markers of oxidative stress and histopathology were determined. Volume of gastric juice, acid secretion was increased, while pH decreased in WRS animals. TQ pre-treated group showed reduction in the above parameters. The combination group showed more significant results than TQ and ranitidine alone on the above parameters. TQ decreased the ulcer index (UI), again combination group showed more significant decreased in UI. Oxidative stress markers were reduced and antioxidant enzymes were augmented. Gastric mucosa was protected as demonstrated by histological slides. The present study is one of its kinds to demonstrate anti ulcer effect of TQ against the water immersion restraint method of stress ulceration. Thus, TQ has the potential to be the promising drug for stress induced gastric ulcers.

Mortality from malignant neoplasms of the digestive system in the cities of the Chelyabinsk region affected by radiation accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-579
Author(s):  
Lidiya G. Konshina
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Intestinal Ulcers

Introduction. Due to the long-term radioactive contamination of a part of the territory of the Chelyabinsk region, much attention is paid to the analysis of the health status of the population. One of the adverse effects of radiation is the occurrence of neoplasms. The highest doses of radiation as a result of many emergencies were received by the digestive organs. Material and methods. The study of adult mortality in the cities Kasli and Kyshtym over 50 years from 1947 to 1996. The following age groups were studied: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70 years, and older. Results. An increase in the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and other digestive organs in the adult population over 50 years was found. The growth of indices has been observed since 1952. The maximum mortality values from esophageal and gastric ulcers were recorded from 1962 to 1971, from intestinal ulcers from 1972 to 1981. Several waves of increasing mortality were recorded: in the early 50s, after 1957, after 1967, in the late 70’s - early 80‘s of the XX century. The increase in mortality from malignant neoplasms of the digestive organs of all localities in the studied cities among women and people of the elderly (60-69 yrs) and (70 yrs and older) age, as a rule, began five years earlier. Among the population under 50 years of age, differences in cancer mortality from control values were poorly expressed. Conclusion. Mortality rates from malignant neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and other unspecified digestive organs in the adult population, especially in the ages of 50-59, 60-69, and 70 and older, in the cities of Kasli and Kyshtym in some periods significantly exceed the control values.

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