The simplest device for measuring average blood pressure

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
S. M. Marcuse
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
A Value ◽  
Average Blood Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Authors

The apparatus designed by the author is an oscilloscilloscope, which serves to measure the oscillation range (oscillations) of the pulse wave and determine the mean blood pressure. The latter is currently given great importance by a number of authors for evaluation of the functional state of the cardiovascular system, since the mean blood pressure is considered to be a value really corresponding to intra-arterial pressure.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the functional state of the body of young athletes practicing sports games

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Serghei I. Cebanu ◽  
Raisa D. Deleu ◽  
Alisa V. Tabîrța ◽  
Ovidiu I. Tafuni ◽  
Grigore E. Friptuleac
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Functional Changes

Introduction. Maintaining and strengthening young athletes’ health is very important since a growing body is more sensitive than an adult one. The overload on young athletes’ bodies’ functional systems is much higher compared to their peers who do not engage in intense physical activities and sports. This study aimed to assess the functional changes in the body of young athletes practicing sports games in the training process. Materials and methods. The functional state of the body of young athletes practicing five types of sports (volleyball, basketball, football, tennis, and handball) was studied on a representative group of 94 people, of which 50 (53.2%) males and 44 (46.8%) females with an average age of 17.7 ± 0.19 years. The cardiovascular system, central nervous system, respiratory system, and musculoskeletal system were investigated. The functional state assessment was carried out, taking into account the degree and direction of changes in the dynamics of training of individual indicators and integral indicators. It was determined the degree of risk of developing adverse functional changes. To identify premorbid states, we establish the type of self-regulation of blood circulation. Results. The obtained results in this study indicate that significant changes express the biological significance of the response of athletes to the conditions of training in the indices of the functions of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the musculoskeletal system. The indices of the functional state of the young athletes’ body at the end of the training changed in both directions. The degree of their severity fluctuated within limits from little too clearly expressed values. On the part of the cardiovascular system, an acceleration of heart rate from 60.1 ± 0.93 to 123.1 ± 0.93 beats/min (p < 0.001) was noted, an increase of systolic blood pressure from 101.1 ± 2.84 to 129.2 ± 1.40 mm Hg. (p <0.001), diastolic arterial pressure from 65.8 ± 1.60 to 76.3 ± 1.20 mm Hg. (p < 0.001), pulse pressure from 33.5 ± 2.35 to 71.5 ± 0.85 mm Hg. (p < 0.001), systolic pressure from 78.3 ± 1.75 to 84.2 ± 1.06 ml (p < 0.001), minutes volume from 4.3 ± 0.22 to 10.3 ± 0.11 l (p < 0.001), total peripheral resistance from 934.2 ± 42.11 to 1646.4 ± 37.61 dyn•s/cm5 (p < 0.001). On the part of the central nervous system, there was an increase in visual motor reaction from 236 ± 20.0 to 389 ± 5.3 ms (p < 0.001) and the auditory-motor reaction from 160 ± 3.8 to 256 ± 7.7 ms (p < 0.001). Young athletes who play volleyball have a higher load on the cardiovascular system. Functional changes are more pronounced in female athletes. The risk of developing unfavorable functional changes was noted for 15 physiological indices. The relative risk varied within 1.03-2.45 for boys and 1.04-2.90 for girls. The most pronounced risk is characteristic for total peripheral resistance (RR = 1.60), minutes volume (RR = 1.58), systolic pressure (RR = 1.55) in boys and systolic pressure (RR = 2.35), minutes volume (RR = 2.21), systolic arterial pressure (RR = 1.75), diastolic arterial pressure (RR = 1.73) and peripheral blood pressure (RR = 1.52) in girls. Conclusions. When playing sports games, a specific professional environment for different types of sports games is formed, this harming the functional state, performance, and health of young athletes.

scholarly journals On the Pathology of the dropsy produced by obstruction of the superior and inferior venœ and the portal vein.— Preliminary communication

1907 ◽  
Vol 79 (532) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Limit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Preliminary Communication ◽  
The Mean

In August, 1903, I published a paper in the ‘Journal of Pathology’(1) in which I demonstrated a method experimentally producing uncompensated hear disease in an animal, which was compatible with life. This method consisted in diminishing the size of the pericardial sac by stitches, so that the diastolic filling of the heart was impeded. The main symptoms of this condition were dropsy and diminution in the amount of urine excreted. As the immediate result of this interference with the action of the heart, there occurred a rise of pressure throughout the whole systemic venous system extending as far back as the capillaries, and a fall of the mean arterial blood-pressure. Further, I found that the pressure in all the veins fell to the normal limit again within the space of about one hour, and that subsequently when dropsy was being produced, the vanous pressure in all parts of the body was normal, and the arterial pressure had almost recovered itself.

Blood Pressure and Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1007
Author(s):  
EDWARD H. PERRY ◽  
HENRIETTA S. BADA ◽  
JOHN D. DAY ◽  
SHELDON B. KORONES ◽  
KRISTOPHER L. ARHEART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Stability Boundary ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Blood Pressure Increase ◽  
The Mean

In Reply.— We appreciate the interest and comments of Drs Puccio and Soliani regarding our article "Blood Pressure Increase, Birth Weight Dependent Stability Boundary and Intraventricular Hemorrhage."1 In response, we address the following points: 1. Although mean blood pressure (BP) values greater than 100 mm Hg were observed in some of our patients, these were quite rare. The mean BP was found to be less than 60 mm Hg 99% of the time. Thus, unless one is recording BPs through long periods and sampling quite often, the brief spikes likely would not be observed.

scholarly journals Predictors of the development of cardiac arrhythmias in women after induction of superovulation in vitro fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Victoria V. Vakareva ◽  
Marina V. Avdeeva ◽  
Larisa V. Scheglova ◽  
Sergey A. Bondarev ◽  
Pavel B. Voronkov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Myocardial Oxygen Demand ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Rate Profile

The article presents the results of a clinical and instrumental examination of 80 healthy women (average age 32,313,57 years) in order to assess the heart rhythm disturbances after induction of superovulation duringin vitrofertilization. All women were examined twice before and after induction of superovulation during extracorporeal fertilization. Clinical and instrumental examination included: electrocardiography at rest; echocardiography; 24-hour ECG monitoring with heart rate variability analysis; 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. Induction of superovulation is associated with a significant increase in mean daily HR max (р0,01), and consequently with an increase in myocardial oxygen demand. It has been established that induction of superovulation contributes to the development of supraventricular arrhythmias (р0,01) and an increase in episodes of apnea/hypnea (р0,01). Regression analysis revealed predictors of supraventricular arrhythmias after induction of superovulation, including adverse circadian heart rate profile, adverse circadian blood pressure profile, impaired autonomic regulation of heart activity (р0,01). It was shown that the appearance of rhythm disturbances is associated with both the initial functional state of the cardiovascular system and its response to the induction of superovulation. It was established a correlation between the estradiol concentration and the increase of daily average heart rate after induction of superovulation (r=0,30,р0,05), apnea/hypnea index after induction of superovulation (r=0,34,р0,05). Conclusion. Superovulation induction may exacerbate existing chronic cardiovascular diseases. Due to the adverse effect of superovulation induction on the daily heart rate profile, women need to evaluate the functional state of the cardiovascular system duringinvitrofertilization planning. This will prepare the woman for the upcoming procedure and avoid adverse reactions from the cardiovascular system in response to stimulation of superovulationin vitrofertilization.

Vasomotor waves of arterial blood pressure after cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass in man

Perfusion ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
V. Vainionpää ◽  
A. Hollme'n ◽  
J. Timisjärvi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Heart Patients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epicardial Pacing

The occurrence of vasomotor waves during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a recognized phenomenon. The lesser known oscillation of arterial pressure after cessation of CPB was observed in 18 open-heart patients. The duration of an oscillatory wave was 13.5±5.0 seconds, the amplitude 6.1 ±2.6mmNg and the mean arterial pressure 76.5± 10.7mmHg. Inter-and also intraindividual variations in frequency and amplitude of the oscillation, however, did occur. In 13 patients, this oscillation occurred during ventricular epicardial pacing. The oscillation continued until the end of the operation in eight patients; in others, the oscillation was of shorter duration. An oscillation of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was simultaneously observed in nine patients (eight with pacemaker) and central venous pressure (CVP) oscillation in eight patients (all with pacemaker). The duration of a wave was the same as in systemic arterial pressure and the amplitudes were 1.5-3.0mmHg in PAP and 1.0-2.0mmHg in CVP. These arterial vasomotor waves, seen here after CPB, largely resemble those observed during perfusion in man and also the Mayerwaves explored in experimental animals. The pacing rhythm seems to favourthe appearance of those blood pressure oscillations.

Volume status and arterial blood pressures are associated with arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Erdan ◽  
Abdullah Ozkok ◽  
Nadir Alpay ◽  
Vakur Akkaya ◽  
Alaattin Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure

Background: Arterial stiffness is a strong predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible relations of arterial stiffness with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis and aortic blood pressure parameters. Also, effects of a single hemodialysis session on these parameters were studied. Methods: A total of 75 hemodialysis patients (M/F: 43/32; mean age: 53 ± 17) were enrolled. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure were measured by applanation tonometry before and after hemodialysis. Extracellular fluid and total body fluid volumes were determined by bioimpedance analysis. Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (9.30 ± 3.30 vs 7.59 ± 2.66 m/s, p < 0.001), augmentation index (24.52 ± 9.42 vs 20.28 ± 10.19, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (38 ± 14 vs 29 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with age (r2 = 0.15, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), peripheral mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.10, p = 0.005), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001), and extracellular fluid/total body fluid (r2 = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Pre-dialysis augmentation index was associated with total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0,02), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.16, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). Δcarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02) and inversely correlated with baseline carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (r2 = 0.29, p < 0.001). Pre-dialysis Δaugmentation index was significantly associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.009) and Δaortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.03) and inversely associated with baseline augmentation index (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001) to determine the factors predicting Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, extracellular fluid/total body fluid and peripheral mean blood pressure significantly predicted Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Arterial stiffness was associated with both peripheral and aortic blood pressure. Furthermore, reduction in arterial stiffness parameters was related to reduction in aortic blood pressure. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis. Volume control may improve not only the aortic blood pressure measurements but also arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients.

P1674High intensity interval exercise program in heart failure patients seems to benefit cardiac power along with aorto-ventricular mechanical pump capacity and cardiorespiratory indices

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Chrysohoou ◽  
A Angelis ◽  
G Titsinakis ◽  
D Tsiachris ◽  
P Aggelopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Cardiac Power

Abstract Background Cardiac power has been suggested as the most power predictor of mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. In those patients aorta elastic properties and compensation is lost, systolic (and pulse) pressure are therefore reduced and associated with a decrease in ejection duration and pump efficiency. Cardiac rehabilitation programs have showed enhancement in cardiac performance and quality of life in HF patients. Aim Aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval exercise (i.e., 30 sec at 100% of max workload, followed by 30 sec at rest, on a day-by-day 30 minutes working-out schedule for 12 weeks), on cardiac power, diastolic function indices, right ventricle performance and cardiorespiratory parameters among chronic HF patients. Methods 72 consecutive HF patients (NYHA class II-IV, ejection fraction <50%) who completed the study (exercise training group, n=33, 63±9 years, 88% men, and control group, n=39, 56±11 years, 82% men), underwent cardiopulmonary stress test, non-invasive high-fidelity tonometry of the radial artery, pulse wave velocity measurement using a SphygmoCor device, and echocardiography before and after completion of the training program. Cardiac power output (CPO) (W) was calculated as mean arterial pressure × CO/451, where mean arterial pressure = [(systolic blood pressure − diastolic blood pressure)/3] + diastolic blood pressure. Results Both groups reported similar medical characteristics and physical activity status. General mixed effects models revealed that the intervention group increased 6MWT (by 13%, p<0.05); increased cycle ergometry WRpeak (by 25%, p<0.01), showed higher O2max by 31% (p<0.001) and lower VE/VCO2 (p=0.05), whereas patients in the control group showed nosignificant changes in the aforementioned indices. Also, in the intervention group Emv/Vp was decreased by 14% (p=0.06); E to A ratio by 24% (p=0.004) and E to Emv ratio by 8% (p=0.05); while Stv increased by 25% (p=0.01). Most importantly, the intervention group reduced pulse wave velocity by 9% (p=0.05) and increased augmentation index by 26%; and VTI by 4% (p=0.05); Those parameters were not significantly changed on control group (all p>0.05). Conclusion Hight intensity exercise rehabilitation program revealed beneficial effect on left ventricular diastolic indices and right ventricle performance. As, in those patients compensation of the aorta is also lost and the LV cannot generate the extra force necessary to completely overcome the late systolic augmented pressure, the increase in the augmented pressure (AIa) observed in the intervention group reflects the benefit in aorto-ventricular coupling and cardiac power that boosts systolic pressure and restores a positive influence in pressure, like in early stages of HF. Acknowledgement/Funding None

The Therapeutic Significance of Pulse Reverse Osmosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G.R. Prior ◽  
V. Morecroft ◽  
T. Gourlay ◽  
K.M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Pulse Reverse ◽  
The Mean

Pulse reverse osmosis (1) is a new theory of fluid balance and exchange which suggests that the mean blood pressure and osmotic gradient control fluid balance and that the pulse controls fluid exchange. In vitro testing has confirmed some of the physico chemical principles underlying the theory (2). The hypothesis suggests a relationship between mean capillary blood pressure and osmotic gradient. Imbalance in this relationship can be related to the development of hypertension, hypotension, oedema and shock. In an attempt to test this concept mean blood pressures and colloid osmotic pressures were measured and compared in a group of 50 healthy human volunteers. The results suggest a curvilinear correlation between the mean blood pressure and the COP.

A Comparative Study Between Efficacy Of Esmolol And Lignocaine For Attenuating Haemodynamics Response Due To Laryngoscopy And Endotracheal Intubation

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Begum ◽  
P Akter ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
SMA Alim ◽  
UHS Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Anaesthetic Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Haemodynamic stability is an integral and essential goal of any anaesthetic management plan. Laryngoscopy and intubation can cause striking changes in haemodynamics. Increase in blood pressure and heart rate occurs most commonly from reflex sympathetic and vagal discharge in response to laryngotracheal stimulation, which in turn leads to increased plasma norepinephrine concentration. This study was designed to compare efficacy of esmolol and lignocaine for attenuating haemodynamics response due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Esmolol with that of Lignocaine to attenuate the detrimental rise in heart rate and blood pressure during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. One hundred and twenty adult patients randomized into group-L and group-E, were received lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg and Esmolol 1.5 mg/kg I.V. respectively. Heart rate and blood pressure in each minutes for the 10 minutes after intubation was recorded. Time span around intubation up to 4 minutes has been looked specifically to isolate the effect of the study drugs at the time of intubation. For statistical analysis Student's 't' test was used for comparing means of quantitative data and chi-square test was used for qualitative data. Difference was considered statistically significant if p<0.05. The mean heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, and rate-pressure product before starting anesthesia were similar in group-L (Lignocaine group) and in group-E (Esmolol group) (p>0.05). The mean values of heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, and rate-pressure product at 2, 3 and 4 minutes after intubation were significantly lower in group-E than group-L (p<0.05). In conclusion, esmolol 1.5 mg/kg is superior to lignocaine (1.5 mg/kg) for attenuation of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Key words: Haemodynamics; heart rate; intubation; esmolol; lignocaine DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6810Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(1):25-28

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