Protein Therapy Clinical Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Z. I. Malkina
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Protein Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observations

Currently, there is still no generally accepted opinion on the question of the indications for the use of protein therapy. Most of the observations refer to the use of protein therapy in infectious processes. Chronic infectious diseases of the skin, especially of staphylococcal nature, according to most authors, represent the most rewarding material in this regard.

scholarly journals Structural basis of Blastomyces Endoglucanase-2 adjuvancy in anti-fungal and -viral immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. e1009324
Author(s):  
Lucas dos Santos Dias ◽  
Hannah E. Dobson ◽  
Brock Kingstad Bakke ◽  
Gregory C. Kujoth ◽  
Junfeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Viral Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Vaccination ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Anti Fungal

The development of safe subunit vaccines requires adjuvants that augment immunogenicity of non-replicating protein-based antigens. Current vaccines against infectious diseases preferentially induce protective antibodies driven by adjuvants such as alum. However, the contribution of antibody to host defense is limited for certain classes of infectious diseases such as fungi, whereas animal studies and clinical observations implicate cellular immunity as an essential component of the resolution of fungal pathogens. Here, we decipher the structural bases of a newly identified glycoprotein ligand of Dectin-2 with potent adjuvancy, Blastomyces endoglucanase-2 (Bl-Eng2). We also pinpoint the developmental steps of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T responses augmented by Bl-Eng2 including expansion, differentiation and tissue residency. Dectin-2 ligation led to successful systemic and mucosal vaccination against invasive fungal infection and Influenza A infection, respectively. O-linked glycans on Bl-Eng2 applied at the skin and respiratory mucosa greatly augment vaccine subunit- induced protective immunity against lethal influenza and fungal pulmonary challenge.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
Mark H. Lepper ◽  
Harris D. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Lively Discussion ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Disease Hospital

Hyperacute infections, i.e., infections which are often fatal within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms, and resistant strains of organisms, account for the vast majority of failures in the use of antibiotics. A few cases cannot be classified into either category and remain as unexplained failures. The magnitude of the problem of hyperacute infections can be judged by the fact that in a contagious disease hospital about a third of the fatalities from nontuberculous, bacterial infectious diseases occur within the first 24 hours from the onset of symptoms. Meningitis due to meningococcus or pneumococcus, or meningococcemia, are most commonly encountered in this group. In Dr. Lepper's experience, those patients who will die within 24 hours from onset of symptoms can be predicted early from clinical observations, and they command "heroic therapy." A lively discussion of the use of adrenal corticosteroids as pant of "heroic therapy" in hyperacute infections ensued. Dr. Riley pointed out that they are useful agents but have serious side effects and definite hazards. They are known to decrease the resistance of the host to infection. (The effect of cortisone on streptococcal infections in the rabbit was cited: 58 out of 66 rabbits pretreated with cortisone died; 5 of 60 control animals died.) Instances of empyema developing during treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia with both antibiotics and ACTH were described. The discussants agreed that at no time should adrenal corticosteroids be used in the treatment of infectious processes without simultaneous administration of adequate amounts of appropriate antibiotics.

scholarly journals Structural basis of Blastomyces Endoglucanase-2 adjuvancy in anti-fungal and -viral immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dos Santos Dias ◽  
Hannah E. Dobson ◽  
Brock Kingstad Bakke ◽  
Greg C. Kujoth ◽  
Junfeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Clinical Observations

ABSTRACTThe development of safe subunit vaccines requires adjuvants that augment immunogenicity of non-replicating protein-based antigens. Current vaccines against infectious diseases preferentially induce protective antibodies driven by adjuvants such as alum. However, the contribution of antibody to host defense is limited for certain classes of infectious diseases such as fungi, whereas animal studies and clinical observations implicate cellular immunity as an essential component of the resolution of fungal pathogens. Here, we decipher the structural bases of a newly identified glycoprotein ligand of Dectin-2 with potent adjuvancy, Blastomyces endoglucanase-2 (Bl-Eng2). We also pinpoint the developmental steps of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T responses augmented by Bl-Eng2 including expansion, differentiation and tissue residency. Dectin-2 ligation led to successful systemic and mucosal vaccination against invasive fungal infection and Influenza A infection, respectively. O-linked glycans on Bl-Eng2 applied at the skin and respiratory mucosa greatly augment vaccine subunit induced protective immunity against lethal influenza and fungal pulmonary challenge.AUTHOR SUMMARYFungal disease remains a challenging clinical and public health problem in part because there is no commercial vaccine available. The lack of suitable adjuvants is a critical barrier to developing safe and effective vaccines against fungal pathogens. Current adjuvants such as alum preferentially induce antibody responses which may be limited in mediating protection against fungi. Clinical observations and animal studies implicate cellular immunity as the essential component for the resolution of fungal infections. We have recently discovered an adjuvant that augments cell mediated immune responses and vaccine induced protection against fungi. Here, we identified the structural and mechanistic requirements by which this newly discovered adjuvant induces cell mediated immunity against fungi. As a proof of principle we also demonstrate that the adjuvant drives cellular immune responses against viruses such as influenza. We anticipate that our adjuvant can be used for vaccination with safe subunit vaccines against many microbial pathogens including viruses, intracellular bacteria, fungi and parasites that require cell mediated immune responses.

scholarly journals Clinical observations of the action of turpentine injections in inflammatory diseases of the female genital area

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Leibchik
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Protein Therapy ◽  
Genital Area ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Number Of Authors

A number of authors and researchers, sticking since 1916, have successfully used the so-called. protein therapy, namely, in the form of parenteral milk administration, for various inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages, for uterine bleeding and for increasing milk secretion in women in childbirth.

Characterization of Cryoglobulins by Immunoblotting

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Musset ◽  
M C Diemert ◽  
F Taibi ◽  
L Thi Huong Du ◽  
P Cacoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Syndrome ◽  
Immunoblotting Technique ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract We adapted an immunoblotting technique for the immunochemical characterization of cryoglobulins. We first compared the results from 157 samples with results obtained by immunofixation and immunoelectrophoresis and then with clinical observations in 125 cases. Full identification was possible in 98% of the cases by immunoblotting, in 54% by immunofixation, and in 28% by immunoelectrophoresis. Novel microheterogeneity aspects were observed by immunoblotting and immunofixation in 13% and 6% of the cases studied, respectively. Our results confirm the frequency of autoimmune and infectious diseases associated with mixed cryoglobulinemias, whereas a lymphoproliferative syndrome was observed only in cases of cryoglobulinemia with a monoclonal constituent or a microheterogeneity aspect, which was not always revealed by immunofixation or immunoelectrophoresis. The pathophysiological importance and classification of microheterogeneity aspects is not clear. These observations justify using a sensitive and specific method for identifying cryoglobulins, even when present at low concentrations, and call for long-term studies of these patients.

scholarly journals Cutaneous Manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Series of Cases from the Largest Infectious Diseases Hospital in Western Romania

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Laza ◽  
Virgil Filaret Musta ◽  
Narcisa Daniela Nicolescu ◽  
Adelina Raluca Marinescu ◽  
Alexandra Mocanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Global Priority ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
One Year

(1) Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection, which appeared as an isolated epidemic outbreak in December 2019, proved to be so contagious that, within 3 months, the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. For one year (pre-vaccination period), the virus acted unhindered and was highly contagious, with a predominantly respiratory-oriented aggression. Although this lung damage, responsible for the more than 3,090,025 deaths, has provided sufficient data to facilitate the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, other observation data, which meet the quality of emerging clinical aspects, such as rashes, remain without well-defined etiopathogenic support or a well-contoured clinical framework. (2) Methods and Results: We followed the occurrence of cutaneous manifestations in patients hospitalized during the second and third outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in the main clinics of infectious diseases of our county, Timis, and recorded laboratory investigations and clinical evolution for five suggestive cases. (3) Conclusions: The presented cases, added to many other present and future clinical observations, will allow for better knowledge and understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a requirement that has become a global priority for the entire medical and scientific community.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism and Gender in Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Gay ◽  
Cléa Melenotte ◽  
Ines Lakbar ◽  
Soraya Mezouar ◽  
Christian Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

Epidemiological studies and clinical observations show evidence of sexual dimorphism in infectious diseases. Women are at less risk than men when it comes to developing most infectious diseases. However, understanding these observations requires a gender approach that takes into account an analysis of both biological and social factors. The host’s response to infection differs in males and females because sex differences have an impact on hormonal and chromosomal control of immunity. Estradiol appears to confer protective immunity, while progesterone and testosterone suppress anti-infectious responses. In addition, genetic factors, including those associated with sex chromosomes, also affect susceptibility to infections. Finally, differences in occupational activities, lifestyle, and comorbidities play major roles in exposure to pathogens and management of diseases. Hence, considering sexual dimorphism as a critical variable for infectious diseases should be one of the steps taken toward developing personalized therapeutic approaches.

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